French ship Tonnerre (1808)

For other ships with the same name, see French ship Tonnerre.

Scale model of Achille, sister ship of French ship Tonnerre (1808), on display at the Musée national de la Marine in Paris.
History
France
Name	Tonnerre
Ordered	16 April 1794
Laid down	22 September 1794
Launched	9 June 1808
Commissioned	21 July 1808
Renamed	Quatorze Juillet (1795)
Fate	Burned and exploded 12 April 1809
General characteristics
Class and type	Téméraire-class ship of the line
Displacement	2,966 tonnes 5,260 tonnes fully loaded
Length	55.87 metres (183.3 ft) (172 pied)
Beam	14.90 metres (48 ft 11 in)
Draught	7.26 metres (23.8 ft) (22 pied)
Propulsion	Up to 2,485 m^2 (26,748 sq ft) of sails
Armament	74 guns: Lower gundeck: 28 × 36-pounder long guns Upper gundeck: 30 × 18-pounder long guns Forecastle and Quarter deck: 16 × 8-pounder long guns 4 × 36-pounder carronades
Armour	Timber

Tonnerre was a Téméraire-class 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy.

Tonnerre′s keel was laid at Brest, France, on 22 July 1794, but she was not launched until 9 June 1808. She was commissioned on 21 July 1808. Under Captain Émile François Guillaume Clément, comte de la Roncière, she joined the Rochefort squadron in February 1809.

By April 1809, Tonnerre was among ships of the French Atlantic Fleet blockaded by British Royal Navy warships at Basque Roads at the mouth of the Charente on the Biscay coast of France. The British attacked on 11 April 1809 with fireships, beginning the lengthy Battle of the Basque Roads, and while adrift during the fireship attack, Tonnerre collided with the grounded flagship of the French fleet, the 120-gun ship of the line Océan, on Océan′s starboard side while Océan′s crew was trying to fend off a fireship that had struck Océan′s stern. Tonnerre inflicted serious damage on Océan, although she quickly detached, allowing Océan′s crew to return their attention to the fireship.^[1][2]

During the night of 11–12 April 1809, Tonnerre went hard aground in Basque Roads near Île Madame at low tide, flooded, and became a wreck. Late on the afternoon of 12 April, about two hours after the British resumed the battle with a bombardment of the French fleet,^[3] Tonnerre′s crew set her on fire to prevent her capture by the British and abandoned ship.^[4] At 19:30, about two hours after her crew abandoned her, Tonnerre exploded when the flames reached her magazine.^[5]

On 21 June 1809, Tonnerre′s commanding officer was court martialed on charges of abandoning his ship too easily and failing to follow orders. He was acquitted of both charges.^[6]

Citations

1. Harvey, Robert (2000). Cochrane: The Life and Exploits of a Fighting Captain. London: Constable. ISBN 1-84119-162-0, p. 121.
2. Cordingley, David (2007). Cochrane the Dauntless. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7475-8088-1., p. 190.
3. Clowes, William Laird (1997) [1900]. The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume V. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 1-86176-014-0. p. 264.
4. Cochrane, Thomas (2000) [1860]. The Autobiography of a Seaman. London: Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-061-6, p. 232.
5. James, William (2002) [1827]. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 5, 1808–1811. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-909-3, p. 114.
6. James, William (2002) [1827]. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 5, 1808–1811. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-909-3, p. 128.

References

• Ships of the line
• Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours 1 1671–1870. p. Tonnerre. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922.
• Les bâtiments ayant porté le nom de Tonnerre