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Figures de Cire
Figures de Cire
Directed by	Maurice Tourneur
Written by	André de Lorde
Based on	Figures de cire; by André de Lorde
Starring	Henry Roussel, Emile Tramont, Henri Gouget
Distributed by	Cinema Éclair
Release date	1914;
Running time	11 minutes
Country	France
Language	Silent (French intertitles)

Figures de Cire (also known in English as The Man with Wax Faces, and re-released in 1918 as L'Homme aux figures de cire^[1]) is a 1914 French short silent horror film directed by Maurice Tourneur. The film stars Henry Roussel, and was based upon the short story of the same name by André de Lorde. De Lorde adapted the story from the stage play he wrote with Georges Montignac, which was first performed in 1912^[1] at the Grand Guignol in Paris.^[1]^[2]

The film was believed to be lost until a damaged copy was discovered in 2007, and it was subsequently re-released by French film restoration, publishing and production company Lobster Films.^[3] Though the tradition of "Chambers of Horror" in wax museums dates back to the late 18th century,^[4] the film has been noted as among the first pieces of horror fiction to involve a wax museum, prefiguring 1924's Waxworks, 1933's Mystery of the Wax Museum, and 1953's House of Wax among others.^[2]

Plot

Following a discussion of the nature of fear at a raucous cabaret, a man named Pierre claims that the emotion is unknown to him ("sensation m'est inconnue"), and accepts a bet to will stay at a sinister location all night. His friend Jacques, who proposed the bet, chooses a wax museum as the "sinister location."

Pierre pays the employee or proprietor of the wax museum (described simply as "l'homme aux figures de cire," literally "the man with wax figures") to allow him to stay in the museum overnight. The man is reluctant, but agrees on the condition that Pierre not damage anything. He shows Pierre in, and leaves him there.

At first, Pierre is bored, but as he wanders the grim tableaux, he gradually becomes more anxious. Eventually, terrified, he tries to get out, but discovers he is locked in. Meanwhile, Jacques, having left the cabaret around two AM, sneaks into the wax museum through a back entrance. Pierre sees his shadow behind a paper screen, and, frantic with terror, wildly stabs him.

The final intertitle reveals that when Pierre is discovered at dawn, he has lost his mind and "his dagger had added another figure to the wax museum" ("son poignard avait ajouté au musée de cire une figure de plus"). The film ends with a wild, knife-wielding Pierre standing over the body of Jacques while police survey the scene.^[2]

Cast

Henry Roussel as Pierre de Lionne
Emile Tramont as Jacques (credited as "M. Tramont")
Henri Gouget as "L'Homme aux figures de cire" (credited as "M. Gouget")

Production

Director Maurice Tourneur, scenarist André de Lorde and actor Henry Roussel had worked together previously a year earlier, in the 1913 silent horror film Le système du docteur Goudron et du professeur Plume (The System of Doctor Goudron, released in the US as The Lunatics), which itself was based on Edgar Allan Poe's 1845 short story The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether and, like Figures de cire, was originally staged as a play at the Grand Guignol in Paris in 1903 (where it had starred Henri Gouget).^[1]

Though Figures de cire had originally been written as a stageplay by de Lorde (who wrote hundreds of plays for the Grand Guignol^[2]^[5]), the film credits state that it is based on his short story (in French, "nouvelles"), which he adapted from his play and published in an eponymous collection in 1932 (the story was first published in English as "Waxworks" in the 1933 anthology Terrors: A Collection of Uneasy Tales, anonymously edited by Charles Birkin^[6]).

Notes

1.^ Or 1910, sources vary; Adriaensens gives the date for the original play as 1912, Waldman as 1910.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Waldman, Harry (30 October 2008). Maurice Tourneur: The Life and Films. McFarland. pp. 18, 21. ISBN 978-0786440856.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Adriaensens, Vito (2019), "Women Or Wax? Eros, Thanatos, an Sculpture in Cinema", in Funke, Jana; Grove, Jen (eds.), Sculpture, Sexuality and History: Encounters in Literature, Culture and the Arts from the Eighteenth Century to the Present (Genders and Sexualities in History), Palgrave Macmillan, p. 93
^ Nagels, Katherine Frances (17 October 2014). "100 years ago: Figures de Cire: The Man with Wax Faces (FR 1913)". Silents, Please!. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
^ Taylor, Lou (3 May 2002). The Study of Dress History. Manchester University Press. p. 38. ISBN 0719040655.
^ Hanley, David (11 December 2014), "Serial Killers, Deals with the Devil, and the Madness of Crowds: The Horror Film in Nazi-Occupied France", in DeGiglio-Bellemare, Mario; Ellbé, Charlie; Woofter, Kristopher (eds.), Recovering 1940s Horror Cinema: Traces of a Lost Decade, Lexington Books, p. 193
^ Prejean, Jordan (27 January 2020). "The New Exhibit". The Twilight Zone Vortex. Retrieved 21 May 2020. The play was adapted to prose by André de Lorde and published in English as "Waxworks" in the 1933 anthology Terrors: A Collection of Uneasy Tales, anonymously edited by Charles Birkin and published by Philip Allan.