Ferré Gola

Ferré Gola
Ferré Gola in 2024
Ferré Gola in 2024
Background information
Birth nameHervé Gola Bataringe
Also known as
  • Jésus de Nuances
  • Chair De Poule
  • Le Padre
Born (1976-03-03) 3 March 1976 (age 48)
Kinshasa, Zaire
(modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Genres
Occupations
  • Singer
  • songwriter
  • dancer
  • record producer
Instrument(s)Guitar, vocal
Years active1994–present
Labels
Formerly of

Hervé Gola Bataringe (born 3 March 1976), known professionally as Ferré Gola, is a Congolese singer-songwriter, dancer, and record producer.[1][2][3][4] Revered as "Jésus de Nuances",[5][6] he is known for his "dusty warm tenor" and is considered a significant figure in the evolution of fifth-generation Congolese rumba.[7][8][9][10][11] His lyrics predominantly revolve around themes of love, social support, and interpersonal relationships.[12]

Bataringe began his music career as a member of the Kinshasa-based band Rumba des Jeunes.[13][14][15] In 1994, he was spotted and recruited by Werrason into the soukous band Wenge Musica.[13] Following the band's dissolution in December 1997, Bataringe followed Werrason to the offshoot group, Wenge Musica Maison Mère.[16][17] He gained recognition with his smash hit "Vita-Imana", which appeared on Wenge Musica Maison Mère's 1999 album Solola Bien!.[16][18][19] In 2004, Bataringe co-founded the band Les Marquis de Maison Mère alongside Bill Clinton Kalonji and JDT Mulopwe. Their double album, Miracles, garnered continental acclaim, and Les Marquis de Maison Mère received a nomination at the Kora Awards.[20][16][21][22]

In 2005, Bataringe joined Koffi Olomidé's Quartier Latin International before venturing into his solo career in 2006 with his debut studio album, Sens Interdit.[23][24][15][25] In 2009, he released his second studio album, Qui est derrière toi?, which gained widespread popularity across Africa and earned a gold record from SACEM, selling over 110,000 copies.[26][27][16][28] In December 2011, he released a three-track maxi-single titled Avant-goût, which earned him a nomination for Best Male Artist of Central Africa at the 2012 Kora Awards.[29][30][31][32] Bataringe's third studio album, Boite Noire, released on 19 July 2013, sold 10,000 copies in five hours in Paris.[33] It debuted in the top two spots on the iTunes bestsellers in the World Music category in France, Canada, and Belgium. It also peaked at ninth and twelfth positions in South Africa.[33] In 2014, Bataringe released a five-track maxi-single titled Dérangement,[33][34] which earned him a nomination for Best Rumba Artist at the 2015 Afroca Music Awards.[35] In July 2015, he won the Best Male Video at the Bilily Awards[36] and was nominated for Best Central African Male Artist at the African Muzik Magazine Awards.[37]

Bataringe's fourth studio album, QQJD, released on 9 June 2017, debuted at number one, two, and three on the iTunes World Music category on its release day.[38][39][40] On 4 March 2017, he won the Best African Artist at the Canal 2'Or.[41][42] On 25 March 2022, he released his fifth studio album, Dynastie Volume 1,[43][44] which amassed over one million streams on Spotify within 21 days of its debut[45] and peaked at number-one on the Best Sellers category on French Amazon Music.[46] Dynastie Volume 1 also won the accolade for Best African Melody Album from Sony Music Entertainment Africa.[47] On 13 October 2023, he released his sixth studio album, Dynastie 2 Volume 1.[48][49][50][51] On 26 October 2023, he issued Dynastie 2 Volume 2.[52]

Early life and career

1976–1996: Early life, education and Wenge Musica

Ferré Gola performing the closing act of the 15th edition of the Anoumabo Urban Music Festival.

Ferré Gola was born Hervé Gola Bataringe on 3 March 1976, in the Kintambo commune of Kinshasa, in what was then Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo).[53][54] He spent his formative years in the Ngiri-Ngiri commune, raised by his mother alongside his siblings. He is the seventh of nine children, born to parents of mixed Teke and Yombe parentage.[55][54] From a tender age, Gola harbored dreams of becoming a professional musician, drawing inspiration from Franco Luambo, OK Jazz, Carlyto Lassa, Tabu Ley Rochereau, Simaro Lutumba, King Kester Emeneya, Papa Wemba, Youssou N'Dour, and Salif Keita.[56][57][58][13] He actively participated in local musicians' rehearsals after school and started composing music.[55] The family later relocated to the Bandalungwa commune, where Gola joined the Rumba des Jeunes band and began honing his skills in Congolese rumba.[14][59][60]

In 1994, during a talent fair in Bandalungwa, he was spotted and recruited by Werrason into the soukous band Wenge Musica.[13] In 1996, Gola was henceforth named Ferré by Adolphe Dominguez in reference to the Italian fashion designer Gianfranco Ferré, which contributed to his full stage name "Ferré Gola".[13]

1997–2003: Wenge Musica Maison Mère

Following Wenge Musica's disbandment in 1997, Ferré Gola joined the newly formed splinter group Wenge Musica Maison Mère (WMMM), established by Werrason, Didier Masela, and Adolphe Dominguez.[59][16][17] Gola gained prominence in 1999 after the release of his single "Vita-Imana" from Wenge Musica Maison Mère's album Solola Bien!.[16][18][19] "Vita-Imana" was awarded the Best Song of the Year by the Association des Chroniqueurs de Musique du Congo and saw great success in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, and Kenya.[57][61][62]

Ferré Gola at Anoumabo Urban Music Festival

In 2001, Gola became Wenge Musica Maison Mère's director after the departure of Christian Mabanga and founder Didier Masela, and took on a bigger role after Adolphe Dominguez left.[57] In 2002, Wenge Musica Maison Mère released their third studio album, A la Queue Leu-Leu, where Gola was the sole artist to compose two songs ("Chetani" and "Victime d'amour") and later performed "Nostalgie", a song by Elliot Mondombe in a duet with Héritier Watanabe.[57]

2004–2005: Les Marquis de Maison Mère and Quartier Latin International

In 2004, Wenge Musica Maison Mère toured Europe, but disputes materialized during their stay in the UK.[57] Following these occurrences, Gola co-founded Les Marquis de Maison Mère with Bill Clinton Kalonji and JDT Mulopwe. The band released their debut 18-track double album, Miracles, which included Ferré Gola's internationally acclaimed hits "100 Kilos", "Amour Intérêt", and "Papitcho Nyanx".[20][16][21][22] Miracles received widespread acclaim and further catapulted Gola into the spotlight.[60][63]

In 2005, he joined Koffi Olomidé's Quartier Latin International as a singer and composer and contributed significantly to Olomide's maxi-single Boma Nga N'Elengi and solo studio album Danger de mort, notably on tracks such as "Sisi Silvie" and "Insecticide."[23][24][25]

Solo career

2006–2012: Sens Interdit, Qui est derrière toi?, Zénith de Paris, and Avant-goût

In 2006, Gola released his debut solo studio album, Sens Interdit. Consisting of 12 tracks, Sens Interdit was produced under DRTV Production, with Gola as a producer alongside Norbert Dabira.[64][65] The album was recorded at Studio Recorder and featured backing vocalists Bivarai, Cele Zino, and Mirage Supersonic, as well as instrumentalists Michel Bass, Lumana Masewu on bass, and Japonais Maladi on lead guitar.[65] Shortly after its debut, he secured a sponsorship deal with the DRC's Bralima Primus beer brand.[66][57] Sens Interdit's success helped expand Gola's fanbase across Africa, leading to performances in France, Belgium, and various Schengen Area states alongside his collective, Jet Set, in January 2008.[67][68] After his return to Kinshasa, he released Lubukulukumu, a 2-track compact disc which contains the ndombolo-infused theme song "Lubukulukumu" for Primus and a remixed version of "Vita Imana" to promote Jet Set.[69][57][33] In March 2008, he performed at the Elysée Montmartre in Paris.[57][70][58] In August 2008, he hosted a sold-out concert in Cabinda Province, Angola,[71][72] and made a guest appearance on Nsimba Lufwankenda's studio album Contre Mur later that year.[73]

Ferré Gola in 2023

In May 2009, during an interview with Radio Okapi, Gola announced that his forthcoming 18-track double album, Qui est derrière toi?, was nearly complete.[74] He embarked on an American tour[75] and later toured Paris for music video production with some finishes in Abidjan.[76][26] Qui est derrière toi? was released on 15 October 2009, in Paris and Kinshasa markets under DRTV Production and Kiki Productions, with Norbert Dabira as the executive producer.[26][27][16][77] It featured backing vocals by Bivaray, Cele Zino, and Fila Jems, and instrumental work by Giscard Bass and Michel Bass on bass guitar, Djoudjou Ché on drums, and guitar work by Marc House and Olivier Tshimanga.[77] The album was a fusion of Congolese rumba, R&B, and ndombolo, and received wide acclaim across Africa and into continent's diaspora France.[26][27][16] On 12 September 2011, it won him three awards at the Trophées des Arts Afro Caribéens, including Best Singer in Africa, Best Male Voice in Central Africa, and Best Video for "Zazou".[78][54] In October of that year, Qui est derrière toi? garnered gold certification from SACEM after selling over 110,000 copies across Africa, America, and Europe.[28] In November–December of that year, he participated in the cultural programming of the Wallonie-Bruxelles Center in Kinshasa, alongside Lexxus Legal, Mantuila, and Félix Manuaku Waku.[79]

In May 2010, he took the stage at the Zénith de Paris with Jet Set, accompanied by music columnists Tshitenge from Radio Télévision Groupe Avenir and Hélène Kalemba from Raga TV.[80] He sold over 4,500 tickets and performed several hits from his album, including "Maboko Pamba", "3ème Doigt", and "Zazou".[80]

In December 2011, he released the maxi-single titled Avant-goût, containing three tracks: "Tchekele Pete", "Porte-Monnaie", and "Leke Leke".[29][30] On 30 December 2012, he was nominated for Best Central African Male Artist for his song "Tchekele Pete" at the Kora Awards.[31][32]

2013–2015: Boite noire, collaborative ventures, Battle Afro, and Dérangement

Ferré Gola performing in Abidjan

In February 2011, during an interview with host Marc Tabu in Paris, aired on TVS 1 in Kinshasa, Gola revealed that his forthcoming double album Boite noire was in the conclusive phases of production.[81] Boite noire was initially slated for release in 2012,[81] but its release was postponed to 19 July 2013.[82][83][84] Distributed across two volumes with a total of 22 tracks, and produced by Diego Music, Boite noire blended Congolese rumba, kudoro, and ndombolo.[85] Boite noire sold 10,000 copies in five hours in Paris.[33] Three days later, it debuted first and second place on the iTunes bestsellers in the World Music category in France, Canada, and Belgium. It also clinched ninth and twelfth spots in South Africa.[33] The single "Pakadjuma" peaked at number five on Trace Africa's Top 10 chart, while "Chichiwash" secured the third spot on the Top 30 chart.[86] Boite noire success augmented his visibility, leading to invitations for collaborations on the compilation Les Chroniques du Wati Boss featuring the French rapper Dry on the track "J'ai tout donné".[87] He also collaborated with Black Bazar and Izé Teixeira on the song "Songa Flesh", which was produced by Alain Mabanckou.[88][89]

In October 2013, Gola served as a member of the jury for Battle Afro, alongside artists like Alicia Fall, Phil Darwin, Mokobé, Lino Versace, and Serge Beynaud.[90] Boite noire official presentation took place on 9 November 2013, at the Grand Hôtel in Kinshasa.[33]

On 13 February 2014, Gola was a featured guest at the 7th edition of the Anoumabo Urban Music Festival in Abidjan, hosted by Magic System at UNESCO headquarters in Paris,[91][92] and subsequently earned two nominations for Best Central African Artist at Kundé d'Or[93][94] and Best Francophone Artist at the 2014 MTV Africa Music Awards.[95] In June 2014, he performed at the Bralima-sponsored Primus Fete de la Musique at the Théâtre de Verdure in Mont Ngaliema.[96][97] He was later nominated for the Best Male Central Africa at the African Muzik Magazine Awards.[98][55] In September 2014, Gola participated in the Francofolies festival in Kinshasa, sharing the spotlight with Lokua Kanza, Youssoupha, Fally Ipupa, Werrason, Lexxus Legal, La fouine, Johnny Clegg, and Passi.[99]

Recorded simultaneously with Boite noire since mid-2013, Gola released a 5-track maxi-single titled Dérangement at the end of 2014, featuring the flagship song "Vieux Jaloux".[33][34] In May 2015, he was nominated for Best Rumba Artist at the Afroca Music Awards in Brazzaville.[35] In June 2015, he issued the ndombolo-infused single "Seben" on the Kinshasa market, which was met with great success.[55] On 11 July 2015, Gola won the Best Male Video at the Bilily Awards in Kinshasa[36] and was subsequently nominated for Best Central African Male Artist at African Muzik Magazine Awards.[37] He also made a cameo appearance on French rapper Gradur's mixtape ShegueyVara 2, featuring on the track "Motema".[100][101] Gola took the stage on 27 November 2015 at the Kenyatta International Convention Centre in Nairobi,[102][103] followed by a performance in Kisumu at Club Buccaneers alongside Dola Kabarry and Prezda Bandasson on December 5.[104][105] Later in December, Gola received a nomination for Best Male Artist of Central Africa at the Kora Awards.[106]

2016–2018: QQJD

In March 2015, Gola announced his forthcoming double album, Qu'est ce que j'avais dit, acronym QQJD.[107] He teamed up with Kenyan singer Victoria Kimani on the single "Tucheze" and later made a guest appearance on J. Martins' album Authentic on the track "Ekelebe".[108][109] On 30 September 2016, he dropped the single "ManiX", declaring its inclusion on QQJD, and on 18 December 2016, he dropped the ndombolo-infused dance track "Boss".[110] The Congolese rumba-infused "Jugement" premiered on his birthday on 3 March 2017 and garnered immense success, debuting at the top of the Congolese charts and amassed over a million views on YouTube within three weeks.[111][112][113] While engrossed in album production, Gola won the Best African Artist on 4 March 2017 at the eleventh edition of Canal 2'Or, hosted by the Cameroonian television channel Canal 2 International at the Palais des Congrès in Yaoundé.[41][42] The event was attended by the First Lady of Cameroon, Chantal Biya, and Gola was subsequently honored by the DRC's Ministry of Culture and Arts, Sylvain Maurice Masheke.[41][42][114] In April 2017, to celebrate his decade-long music career and promote QQJD, Gola performed in Lagos alongside J. Martins.[115]

QQJD made its official debut on 9 June 2017.[116] It comprises 33 tracks distributed across three compact discs (Red, Blue, and Gold), which symbolize the Congolese flag's colors, with each disc containing eleven tracks.[117][118][116][110] QQJD blended Congolese rumba and ndombolo.[117][119][120] The three volumes peaked at No. 1, 2, and 3 in the iTunes world music category on its release day.[38][39][40] To further promote QQJD, Gola embarked on several concerts in Kenya, Angola, and Central African Republic.[115][121] On 30 June 2017, he performed in Moscow, Russia,[121] and later received a nomination for Best Central African Artist at the All Africa Music Awards on 22 July.[122] On 28 July, he headlined the "QQJD Evening" in Brussels[123] before returning to Kinshasa to perform at Espace Amaryllis in the Ngaliema commune[124] and receiving a nomination at the HAPA Music Awards.[125] Gola concluded his tour with performances in Abidjan and Kisangani,[126][127][128] followed by a show in Hawaii on 1 January 2018.[128]

2019–2022: COVID-19 response, Casino de Paris concert and Dynastie Volume 1

During the burgeoning exigency of the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa, Gola premiered an acoustic live set titled "Home Acoustique" on 5 May 2020 from his home to urge people to stay indoors.[129][130][131] The performance garnered widespread acclaim, inspiring fellow Congolese artists to emulate the concept.[132] He subsequently participated in a virtual concert, "Africa Together", organized by the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement in partnership with Facebook to counter COVID-19 misinformation and advocate sustained vigilance against the pandemic.[133]

Gola was slated to perform at the Casino de Paris on 7 November 2021, but the concert was canceled one month before the rescheduled date without any explanation.[134][135]

Ferré Gola

In January 2021, Gola announced his upcoming double album, Dynastie Volume 1, which he said would feature his former bandmates from Wenge Musica Maison Mère, as well as several collaborations with Jet Set musicians.[136][137] On 22 February 2021, he performed at the Palais de la Culture in Abidjan.[138] In March 2021, Gola went to Guadeloupe to film music videos for the album.[139] On 11 March 2022, he released the album's single "Rumba Trap", which blended Congolese rumba and trap music.[140] On 17 March of that year, Gola officially signed a record deal with the Sony Music Africa label based in South Africa for the release of Dynastie Volume 1,[43][16][141][142] which debuted on 25 March 2022, across various platforms including Spotify, Deezer, iTunes, and YouTube. It includes 17 tracks plus a bonus track with different music styles ranging from Congolese rumba, trap music, salsa, ndombolo, R&B, and hip-hop.[44][143][144][145] The album features guest appearances by Josey, Innoss'B, and Chily.[146][147][144][143] The songs on the album explore themes of love, disappointment, and social life.[44] Within 21 days of its debut, Dynastie Volume 1 amassed over one million streams on Spotify[45] and peaked at number-one in the top Best Sellers category on French Amazon Music.[46]

Following the album's launch, Gola embarked on performances in Nigeria and Guinea to boost its promotion.[146] However, his tour concluded in early June due to legal issues in Paris concerning his family. Gola spent two months in prison and was released in August 2022.[148][149][150] In gratitude to his fandom, he released a song titled "Liberté", which garnered one million views on YouTube within three weeks.[151][152] After a brief stint in Paris, Gola hosted a VIP live concert at the Sofitel Hôtel Ivoire in Ivory Coast before returning back to Kinshasa on 10 November 2022.[153][154][155][156] He then performed at Kin Plaza Arjaan in Kinshasa, where he was joined onstage by Keblack and Chily.[157] Towards the end of November of that year, Dynastie Volume 1 clinched the accolade for Best African Melody Album from Sony Music Entertainment Africa.[47]

2023–present: from Dynastie 2 Volume 1 to Dynastie 2 Volume 2

During an interview with musical pundits of Elengi Ya CongoTV on 30 November 2022, Gola revealed that the first volume of his sixth studio album, Dynastie 2, was almost finished and would include collaborations with South African amapiano artists and former Wenge Musica Maison Mère bandmates.[158] To boost the album's promotion, Gola launched the single "Bizorbi" on 20 January 2023, which amassed one million views in six days.[159][160][161] "Bizorbi" gained more widespread acclaim following his concert at Salle Elmas in Évreux, France on 11 February 2023, where he delivered a distinctive rendition of the song, triggering a trend on social media known as the "#Bizorbichallenge" on TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube, which was embraced by celebrities such as Cameroonian singer Blanche Bailly, Nigerian actress Ruth Kadiri, Nigerian singer Iyanya, and others.[162][163][164][165][166] On 7 June, he organized an American tour with Jet Set for two concerts scheduled for June 10 and 11 at Lincoln Square Mall in Urbana, Illinois.[167]

On 24 June, Gola achieved a sold-out performance at the Stade des Martyrs, attracting a crowd of over 100,000 to a venue with an 80,000-person capacity. Ivorian singer Willy Dumbo introduced him onstage, where Gola was joined by Kenyan singer Victoria Kimani.[168][169][170][171] Werrason ranked the concert in the top three of the best performances ever made in the stadium.[172] Congolese-French singer Gims extolled him as "the man of the stadiums".[173] The Congolese digital news outlet Mbote.cd named the concert as the "Show of the Year".[174]

On 6 August, he performed a quick playback at the closing ceremony of the 2023 Jeux de la Francophonie, offering an a cappella tribute to the victims of the ongoing Kivu conflicts in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[175][176][177] Later that evening, he took the stage at the Esplanade Du Palais Du Peuple in Kinshasa for the penultimate day of the Nuits de la Francophonie event.[178]

The first volume of Dynastie 2 was finally released on 13 October, comprising 20 tracks and characterized by a predominant blend of Congolese rumba, ndombolo, and soukous.[179][180][181] It featured guest appearances by Soleil Wanga, Modogo, Serge Mabiala, Malage de Lugendo, Pikass Mbayambo, Baby Ndombe, and Miel De Son.[179] Shortly after its debut, it experienced commercial success, peaking at the top of sales on major Congolese platforms such as iTunes, Spotify, and Deezer, as well as number one on African Amazon Music charts.[179] It also peaked at number one on the French iTunes charts.[181] A week later, Dynastie 2 Volume 1 reached 177th position on the Belgian Top 200 best-selling albums[182] and 72nd on England's top 100 most downloaded albums on the Internet and digital platforms.[183]

While promoting Dynastie 2 Volume 1 on 16 October, Gola announced the impending release of the second volume of Dynastie 2.[184] Initially slated for release on 27 October,[185] Dynastie 2 Volume 2 came out on 26 October, comprising 20 previously unreleased tracks.[186] It includes guest appearances by JDT Mulopwe, Celeo Scram, Aimélia Lias, Papy Kakol, Deplick Pomba, Michel Basse, Charlie Solo, Thierry Finite, Buffalo, Eboa Lotin, Ali Mbonda, and Cappucino.[186][187] Within 48 hours of its debut, the album reached number ten on the French iTunes charts.[188] To bolster album promotion, Gola announced a series of concerts in the United States, referred to as the "American tour".[189] The tour kicked off on 4 November in Dallas and wrapped up on 24 March 2024 in Champaign, encompassing performances in cities like Washington, Cincinnati, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Charlotte.[189]

On 20-21 April 2024, Gola performed two consecutive sold-out concerts with Jet 7 at the Porte de La Chapelle Arena in Paris. He was joined onstage by several guests, including Tiesco Le Sultan, Singuila, Barbara Pravi, Koffi Olomide, Hiro, and Chily.[190][191][192][193] He thus became the second artist overall to perform there and the first African artist to do so.[190][191][194]

Discography

Since the debut of his solo career, Gola released six full-length albums:

  • Sens Interdit (2006)
  • Qui Est Derrière Toi (2009)
  • Avant Goût – EP (2011)
  • Boîte Noire (2013)
  • Dérangement – EP (2014)
  • QQJD (2017)
  • Dynastie Volume 1 (2022)
  • Dynastie 2 Volume 1 (2023)
  • Dynastie 2 Volume 2 (2023)

With WMMM

  • Force D'Intervention Rapide (1998)
  • Solola Bien (1999)
  • Terrain Eza Miné (2000)
  • Kibuisa Mpimpa (2001)
  • À La Queue Leu-Leu (2002)
  • Tindika Lokito (2003)

With Les Marquis

  • Miracles (2004)

With Quartier Latin

  • Boma Nga N'Elengi (2005)
  • Danger de Mort (2006)

Awards and nominations

Year Event Prize Recipient Result Ref.
2001 Association des Chroniqueurs de Musique du Congo Best Singer (with Wenge Musica Maison Mère) Won [195]
2008 Kundé d'Or Best Artist in Central Africa Himself Nominated [196][197][198]
2011 Trophées des Arts Afro Caribéens Best Singer in Africa Himself Won [199]
2011 Trophées des Arts Afro Caribéens Best Male Voice in Central Africa Himself Won [199]
2011 Trophées des Arts Afro Caribéens Best Video "Zazou" Won [199]
2012 Kundé d'Or Best Artist in Central Africa Himself Nominated [200]
2012 Kora Awards Best Male Artist of Central Africa Himself Nominated [31][32]
2014 Kundé d'Or Best Artist of Central Africa Himself Nominated [93]
2014 MTV Africa Music Awards Best Francophone Himself Nominated [201]
2014 AFRIMMA Best Female Central Africa Himself Nominated [202]
2016 WAMVA Best Central African Video "Tucheze" (Victoria Kimani) Won [203]
2017 Canal 2'Or Best African Artist Himself Won [41][42]
2017 AFRIMMA Best Male Artiste in Central Africa Himself Nominated [204]
2019 Pool Malebo Music Awards Best Singer Himself Won [205]
2023 Jayli Awards Best Artist of Central Africa Himself Nominated [206]
2023 Prix Lokumu Best Rumba Song of the Year "Carte Rose" Won [207]
2023 Afroca Music Awards Best Rumba Artist Himself Won [208]

See also

References

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  3. ^ Pajon, Léo (6 March 2021). "RDC : Ferré Gola, force tranquille de la rumba – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  4. ^ Amos Ngaira (24 August 2012). "Koffi Olomide's downward spiral". Africa Review. Nairobi. Archived from the original on 20 May 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
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  17. ^ a b Nkutu, Jp (25 April 2002). "Congo-Kinshasa: Wenge Maison Mere: Ngiama Werrason confronté à l'indiscipline de ses musiciens" [Congo-Kinshasa: Wenge Maison Mere: Ngiama Werrason confronted with the indiscipline of his musicians]. AllAfrica (in French). Retrieved 7 October 2023.
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  129. ^ "Ferré Gola balance son Home acoustique « Restez chez vous »" [Ferré Gola releases his acoustic Home "Stay at home"]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  130. ^ "Ferre Gola sur son live Home Acoustique : « Je ne m'attendais pas vraiment que ça aurait une telle ampleurs »" [Ferre Gola on his live Home Acoustique: "I didn't really expect it to be of such magnitude"]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 2 September 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  131. ^ Timothy Monger (July 2021). "Biography & History of Ferré Gola". Allmusic.com. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  132. ^ Badibanga, Walter (8 March 2021). "Ferré Gola: son double album attendu pour fin mars" [Ferré Gola: his double album expected at the end of March]. Music In Africa (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  133. ^ Badibanga, Walter (13 April 2022). "Ferre Gola: « Je suis l'un des ambassadeurs reconnus de la rumba congolaise »" [Ferre Gola: "I am one of the recognized ambassadors of Congolese rumba"]. Music In Africa (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  134. ^ Mavudila, Guillaume (13 October 2021). "Musique: Le concert de Ferré Gola au Casino de Paris annulé (Officiel)" [Music: Ferré Gola's concert at the Casino de Paris canceled (Official)]. Infos.CD (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  135. ^ Adanle, Angèle M. (14 October 2021). "France: annulation du concert de Ferre Gola au casino de Paris" [France: cancellation of the Ferre Gola concert at the Paris casino]. Benin Web TV (in French). Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  136. ^ Mpiutu, Miguel Jegou (8 January 2021). "Ferre Gola poursuit les enregistrements de l'album « Dynastie » avec ses musiciens et quelques anciens de Wenge" [Ferre Gola continues the recordings of the album “Dynastie” with his musicians and some former Wenge]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  137. ^ "Ferre Gola en studio pour la préparation de l'album « Dynastie »" [Ferre Gola in the studio for the preparation of the album "Dynastie"]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 2 February 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  138. ^ Mpiutu, Miguel Jegou (22 February 2021). "Abidjan: Ferre Gola a porté des boots Dior de plus de 1000€ lors de son concert au palais de la Culture" [Abidjan: Ferre Gola wore Dior boots costing more than €1,000 during his concert at the Palais de la Culture]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  139. ^ Mpiutu, Miguel Jegou (15 March 2021). "Les extraits de l'album « Dynastie » de Ferre Gola dévoilés sur les réseaux sociaux" [Excerpts from Ferre Gola's album “Dynastie” revealed on social networks]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  140. ^ Hervé, Kabwatila (11 March 2022). "Découvrez le nouveau titre « Rumba Trap » de Ferre Gola" [Discover the new track "Rumba Trap" by Ferre Gola]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  141. ^ Toupe, Eric (25 March 2022). "RDC : Ferre Gola est aux anges, voici les raisons (vidéo)" [DRC: Ferre Gola is over the moon, here are the reasons (video)]. Benin Web TV (in French). Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  142. ^ Okokana, Bruno (14 April 2022). "Musique: « Dynastie », le nouvel album de Ferre Gola" [Music: "Dynastie", the new album by Ferre Gola]. www.adiac-congo.com (in French). Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  143. ^ a b Mpiutu, Miguel Jegou (6 April 2022). "Innoss'B: L'album « Dynastie » de Ferre Gola, c'est la diversité de styles, de textes, des mélodies et mélancolie… »" [Innoss'B: The album "Dynastie" by Ferre Gola is the diversity of styles, texts, melodies and melancholy…"]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  144. ^ a b Makabi, Gratis (13 April 2022). "Musique : Ferré Gola dévoile le tout premier clip de l'opus Dynastie Vol 1" [Music: Ferré Gola unveils the very first clip from the opus Dynastie Vol 1]. Opinion Info (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  145. ^ Mansangu, Raphaël (11 March 2022). "Ferré Gola sort son album "Dynastie" le 25 mars 2022" [Ferré Gola releases his album "Dynastie" on March 25, 2022]. ouragan.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  146. ^ a b Makabi, Gratis (22 October 2022). "Musique: Ferré Gola réunit ses anciens collègues de Wenge Musica Maison Mère pour son concert du 21 octobre, à Paris !" [Music: Ferré Gola brings together his former colleagues from Wenge Musica Maison Mère for his concert on October 21, in Paris!]. Opinion Info (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  147. ^ Badibanga, Walter (13 April 2022). "Ferre Gola : « Je suis l'un des ambassadeurs reconnus de la rumba congolaise »" [Ferre Gola: "I am one of the recognized ambassadors of Congolese rumba"]. Music In Africa (in French). Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  148. ^ "Ferre Gola interpellé en France" [Ferre Gola arrested in France]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 6 June 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  149. ^ Mpiutu, Miguel Jegou (17 August 2022). "France : La conférence de presse de Ferre Gola repoussée à une date ultérieure (Équipe managériale)" [France: Ferre Gola's press conference postponed to a later date (Managerial team)]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  150. ^ "L'avocat de Ferre Gola confirme sa libération imminente" [Ferre Gola's lawyer confirms his imminent release]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 26 July 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  151. ^ "Découvrez la chanson « Ma liberté » de Ferre Gola" [Discover the song "Ma liberté" by Ferre Gola]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 28 August 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  152. ^ "Ferre Gola : 1 million de vues YouTube pour son single « Liberté »" [Ferre Gola: 1 million YouTube views for his single "Liberté"]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 23 September 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  153. ^ Makabi, Gratis (8 November 2022). "Musique: après Abidjan, Ferré Gola regagne Kinshasa, ce jeudi 10 novembre, pour livrer deux grandes productions" [Music: after Abidjan, Ferré Gola returns to Kinshasa, this Thursday, November 10, to deliver two major productions]. Opinion Info (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  154. ^ "A'salfo sur le concert Ferre Gola: « Rumba n'était pas Rumba ! Bravo pour l'ambiance, Ferre »" [A'salfo on the Ferre Gola concert: "Rumba was not Rumba! Bravo for the atmosphere, Ferre »]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 7 November 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  155. ^ "Ferre Gola accueilli chaleureusement par ses fans à Kinshasa" [Ferre Gola warmly welcomed by his fans in Kinshasa]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 10 November 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  156. ^ "Ferre Gola fond en larmes après son atterrissage à Kinshasa" [Ferre Gola bursts into tears after landing in Kinshasa]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 10 November 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  157. ^ "Keblack et Chily au concert de Ferre Gola à l'Hôtel Rotana" [Keblack and Chily at the Ferre Gola concert at the Rotana Hotel]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 13 November 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  158. ^ "Ferre Gola veut se lancer dans le style Amapiano" [Ferre Gola wants to launch into the Amapiano style]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 1 December 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  159. ^ "Ferre Gola surprend ses fans en dévoilant la chanson « Bizorbi »" [Ferre Gola surprises his fans by unveiling the song "Bizorbi"]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 1 January 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  160. ^ "Ferre Gola dévoile enfin son clip « Bizorbi »" [Ferre Gola finally unveils his "Bizorbi" music video]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 20 January 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  161. ^ "YouTube : 1 million de vues en 6 jours pour « Bizorbi » de Ferre Gola" [YouTube: 1 million views in 6 days for "Bizorbi" by Ferre Gola]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 27 January 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  162. ^ Makabi, Gratis (24 January 2023). "Musique : Ferré Gola livre son premier concert de l'année, le 11 février en France" [Music: Ferré Gola delivers his first concert of the year, February 11 in France]. Opinion Info (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  163. ^ "La version Live « Bizorbi » de Ferre Gola en tendance sur Tik Tok" [Live version "Bizorbi" by Ferre Gola trending on Tik Tok]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 15 March 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  164. ^ Mpiutu, Miguel Jegou (27 April 2023). "Blanche Bailly se met sur le challenge « Bizorbi » de Ferre Gola" [Blanche Bailly takes on Ferre Gola's "Bizorbi" challenge]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  165. ^ "Iyanya sur la chanson Bizorbi de Ferre Gola : « C'est ma confiture »" [Iyanya on the song Bizorbi by Ferre Gola: "It's my jam"]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  166. ^ "Lorsque la star du Nollywood Nigérian Ruth Kadiri se déchaîne sur Bizorbi de Ferre Gola" [When Nigerian Nollywood star Ruth Kadiri goes wild on Ferre Gola's Bizorbi]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 6 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  167. ^ "Ferre Gola aux USA avec 12 musiciens, Ya Ilus absent" [Ferre Gola in the USA with 12 musicians, Ya Ilus absent]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 8 June 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  168. ^ "Plus de 160 000 personnes au concert de Ferre Gola au Stade des Martyrs de Kinshasa" [More than 100,000 people at the Ferre Gola concert at the Stade des Martyrs in Kinshasa]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 24 June 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  169. ^ "Ferre Gola et son plein préfabriqué au stade des Martyrs !" [Ferre Gola and his prefabricated full at the Martyrs stadium!]. Strong2kin Moov (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 30 June 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  170. ^ "Kinshasa: L'Ivoirien Willy Dumbo introduit l'artiste congolais Ferré Gola sur scène devant 100.000 personnes" [Kinshasa: Ivorian Willy Dumbo introduces Congolese artist Ferré Gola on stage in front of 100,000 people]. news.abidjan.net (in French). Abidjan, Ivory Coast. 27 June 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  171. ^ Arudo, Otieno (27 June 2023). "Victoria Kimani Rocks Kinshasa With Electrifying Performance". KenyanVibe. Nairobi, Kenya. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  172. ^ "Selon Werrason, Ferre Gola occupe désormais la troisième place des recordmans au stade des Martyrs" [According to Werrason, Ferre Gola now occupies third place among record holders at the Martyrs stadium]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 28 June 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  173. ^ Nsapu, Dido (8 June 2023). "Gims allume encore la mèche de la polémique: «Ferre Gola, l'homme aux stades!»" [Gims lights the fuse of the controversy again: "Ferre Gola, the man of the stadiums!"]. Digitalcongo.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  174. ^ "Le méga concert de Ferre Gola au stade des Martyrs désigné « showde l'année »" [Ferre Gola's mega concert at the Martyrs stadium named "show of the year"]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 30 December 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  175. ^ "Ferre Gola fait le show en play-back lors de la clôture des Jeux de la Francophonie" [Ferre Gola puts on a playback show at the closing of the Francophonie Games]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 6 August 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  176. ^ "Ferre Gola Gola aussi en tête d'affiche de la cérémonie de clôture des IXes Jeux de la Francophonie à Kinshasa" [Ferre Gola Gola also headlines the closing ceremony of the 9th Francophonie Games in Kinshasa]. Actualite.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 2 August 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  177. ^ "Clôture des IXès Jeux de la Francophonie : le clin d'œil de Ferre Gola aux souffrances dans l'Est de la RDC" [Closing of the 9th Games of the Francophonie: Ferre Gola's nod to the suffering in the Eastern DRC]. Digitalcongo.net. Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 8 August 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  178. ^ Mpaka, Hugues (7 August 2023). "Kinshasa: Ferré Gola enflamme l'esplanade du Palais du Peuple" [Kinshasa: Ferré Gola ignites the esplanade of the Palais du Peuple]. Une.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  179. ^ a b c "Ferre Gola dévoile enfin son album « Dynastie 2 »" [Ferre Gola finally unveils his album "Dynasty 2"]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  180. ^ "Découvrez l'album Dynastie 2 volume 1 de Ferre Gola" [Discover the album Dynastie 2 volume 1 by Ferre Gola]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  181. ^ a b "L'album Dynastie 2 de Ferre Gola est numero 1 sur iTunes France" [Ferre Gola's album Dynastie 2 is number 1 on iTunes France]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  182. ^ "Dynastie 2 Volume 1 de Ferre Gola fait son entrée dans le Top 200 des albums les plus vendus en Belgique" [Dynastie 2 Volume 1 by Ferre Gola enters the Top 200 best-selling albums in Belgium]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  183. ^ "Dynastie 2 Volume 1 de Ferre Gola dans le top 100 des albums les téléchargés en Angleterre" [Dynastie 2 Volume 1 by Ferre Gola in the top 100 most downloaded albums in England]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  184. ^ "Ferre Gola annonce la suite de Dynastie 2 avec le volume 2" [Ferre Gola announces the sequel to Dynasty 2 with volume 2]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 16 October 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  185. ^ "Ferre Gola : le volume 2 de l'album « Dynastie 2 » arrive le 27 octobre" [Ferre Gola: volume 2 of the album "Dynastie 2" arrives on October 27]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 16 October 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  186. ^ a b "L'album Dynastie 2 Volume 2 de Ferre Gola disponible maintenant" [Ferre Gola's album Dynastie 2 Volume 2 available now]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 26 October 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  187. ^ "Dynastie 2 Vol II by Ferre Gola". Afrocharts. Milwaukee, Wisconsin. October 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  188. ^ "Succès pour Dynastie 2 Volume 2 de Ferre Gola: 10e place sur iTunes France" [Success for Dynastie 2 Volume 2 by Ferre Gola: 10th place on iTunes France]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 29 October 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  189. ^ a b Lukau, Onésime (26 October 2023). "Ferre Gola entame sa tournée américaine le 4 novembre 2023" [Ferre Gola begins his American tour on November 4, 2023]. ouragan.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  190. ^ a b "Double Adidas Arena: des concerts historiques pour Ferre Gola à Paris" [Double Adidas Arena: historic concerts for Ferre Gola in Paris]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 22 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  191. ^ a b "Chiffre : Ferre Gola a livrés 2 concerts à guichets fermés devant 2x 9000 personnes à l'Adidas Arena" [Figure: Ferre Gola delivered 2 sold-out concerts in front of 2x 9,000 people at the Adidas Arena]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 22 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  192. ^ "Koffi Olomidé, Hiro, Barbara Pravi, Singuila, Chily… Les invités d'exception au concert de Ferre Gola à l'Adidas Arena" [Koffi Olomidé, Hiro, Barbara Pravi, Singuila, Chily… The exceptional guests at the Ferre Gola concert at the Adidas Arena]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 22 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  193. ^ "« Double Adidas Arena » Ferré Gola a mis le feu sans être inquiété par les Combattants" ["Double Adidas Arena" Ferré Gola set the fire without being worried by the Fighters]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 22 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  194. ^ "L'aura incroyable de Ferre Gola : deux shows complets à l'Adidas Arena sans la moindre interview ni affiche à Paris" [The incredible aura of Ferre Gola: two complete shows at the Adidas Arena without the slightest interview or poster in Paris]. mbote.cd (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 22 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  195. ^ "Congo-Kinshasa: Referendum musical 2001 : Werrason et JB Mpiana" [Congo-Kinshasa: Musical Referendum 2001: Werrason and JB Mpiana]. Lephareonline.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 18 March 2002. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
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Hermawan Aksan Hermawan Aksan (lahir di Desa Jipang, Kecamatan Bantarkawung, Brebes, Jawa Tengah) adalah salah seorang penulis Indonesia yang banyak menghasilkan karya dalam bahasa Indonesia maupun bahasa Sunda. Cerita-cerita pendeknya yang berbahasa Indonesia dimuat di sejumlah media massa, yaitu Pikiran Rakyat, Suara Merdeka, Jawa Pos, Media Indonesia, Koran Tempo, majalah Horison, Koran Sindo, dan lain-lain. Cerita-cerita pendeknya dalam bahasa Sunda dimuat di majalah Mangle, Cupumanik, Ga...

 

 

فاسيلي جوكوفسكي

فاسيلي اندرييفيتش جوكوفسكي (بالروسية: Василий Андреевич Жуковский)‏  معلومات شخصية الميلاد 9 فبراير 1783قرية ميشينسكوي، تولا غوبرنيه، الإمبراطورية الروسية الوفاة 12 أبريل 1852بادن بادن، الاتحاد الألماني مكان الدفن مقبرة تيخوين  مواطنة الإمبراطورية الروسية  عضو في الأ

Corundum

Oxide mineral Not to be confused with Carborundum. CorundumGeneralCategoryOxide mineral – Hematite groupFormula(repeating unit)Aluminium oxide, Al2O3IMA symbolCrn[1]Strunz classification4.CB.05Dana classification4.3.1.1Crystal systemTrigonalCrystal classHexagonal scalenohedral (3m)H-M symbol: (3 2/m)Space groupR3c (No. 167)Unit cella = 4.75 Å, c = 12.982 Å; Z = 6IdentificationColorColorless, gray, golden-brown, brown; purple, pink to red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet; may b...

 

 

The Terminator: Dawn of Fate

2002 video gameThe Terminator: Dawn of FateOfficial PlayStation 2 cover artDeveloper(s)Paradigm EntertainmentPublisher(s)Infogrames[a]Designer(s)Craig BolinComposer(s)Bob DaspitSeriesTerminatorPlatform(s)PlayStation 2, XboxReleaseNA: September 17, 2002EU: October 25, 2002[1]Genre(s)ActionMode(s)Single-player The Terminator: Dawn of Fate is a 2002 video game developed by Paradigm Entertainment and published by Infogrames for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. It is based on the Termin...

 

 

Eleven-plus

School test in England and Northern Ireland Eleven-plusPurposeDetermining admission to selective secondary schoolsYear started1944; 79 years ago (1944)OfferedTo Year Six/Year 6 Primary, Seven/Primary 7 school pupilsRestrictions on attemptsSingle attemptCountries / regionsEngland and Northern IrelandFeeFreeScores / grades used bySelective secondary schools The eleven-plus (11+) is a standardised examination administered to some students in England and Northern Ireland in thei...

The Bard (Sibelius)

Tone poem by Jean Sibelius The BardTone poem by Jean SibeliusThe composer (c. 1911)Native nameBardenOpus64Composed1913 (1913), rev. 1913PublisherBreitkopf & Härtel (1914)[1]Duration8 mins.[2]PremiereDate27 March 1913 (1913-03-27)[2]LocationHelsinki, Grand Duchy of FinlandConductorJean SibeliusPerformersHelsinki Philharmonic Society The Bard (in Swedish: Barden), Op. 64, tone poem for orchestra written in 1913 by the Fi...

 

 

Bootleg play

Play in American football This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Bootleg play – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Waggle play from the Delaware Winged T offense, here shown from Red formation, is one type of bootleg....

 

 

Yen

Yen日本円code: ja is deprecated  (Jepang)6 jenis koin yen JepangISO 4217KodeJPYNomor392Eksponen0DenominasiSubsatuan ⅟100sen (錢 atau 銭) ⅟1000rin (厘)Bentuk jamakBahasa(-bahasa) yang digunakan oleh mata uang ini tidak memiliki perbedaan secara morfologis pada bentuk jamaknya.DemografiPenggunaJepangEmisiBank sentralBank Jepang Situs webwww.boj.or.jpPercetakan uang kertasBiro Percetakan Nasional Situs webwww.npb.go.jpPercetakan uang koinJapan Mint Si...

Doda River

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Doda River – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) River in IndiaDoda RiverStod RiverStod RiverLocationCountryIndiaUnion TerritoryLadakhDistrictKargilPhysical characteristicsSource3...

 

 

Varghese Mathai

The native form of this personal name is Mathai Varghese. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals. Varghese MathaiBornIndiaAlma materIllinois Institute of Technology B.A. (1981)Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ph.D. (1986)Known forMathai-Quillen formalismT-duality in a background fluxFractional and Projective Index theoryAwardsAustralian Mathematical Society Medal[1] (2000) Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science.[2] (2011) ARC A...

 

 

REWE Group

German supermarket corporation REWE Group[1]TypePrivate. Cooperative, Joint-stock companyIndustryRetailingPredecessorStüssgen Founded1927 (current form 1972)HeadquartersCologne, GermanyKey peopleLionel Souque, CEOHeinz-Bert Zander, ChairmanProductsDepartment stores, Supermarkets, Convenience stores, Cash&Carry, Hypermarkets, Home improvement, etc.Revenue€84.4 billion (2022)Operating income491,400,000 euro (2017) Net income337,800,000 euro (2017) Total assets19,50...

Ligne de Sélestat à Saverne

Ligne deSélestat à Saverne Carte de la ligne La gare de Rosheim, sur la ligne de Sélestat à Molsheim. Pays France Villes desservies Sélestat, Barr, Obernai, Molsheim, Wasselonne, Saverne Historique Mise en service 1864 – 1877 Fermeture 1969 – 1993 (fermeture partielle) Concessionnaires Est (1864 – 1871)EL (1871 – 1919)AL (Non concédée) (1919 – 1937)SNCF (1938 – 1997)RFF (1997 – 2014)SNCF (à partir de 2...

 

 

1888 United States presidential election in Iowa

Main article: 1888 United States presidential election 1888 United States presidential election in Iowa ← 1884 November 6, 1888 1892 →   Nominee Benjamin Harrison Grover Cleveland Party Republican Democratic Home state Indiana New York Running mate Levi P. Morton Allen G. Thurman Electoral vote 13 0 Popular vote 211,603 179,877 Percentage 52.36% 44.51% County Results Harrison   40-50%   50-60%   60-70%   70...

 

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!