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Favorlang
Favorlang
Native to	Taiwan
Era	attested mid-17th century; may have developed into Babuza
Language family	Austronesian Western Plains Formosan Central Favorlang; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	bzg (with Babuza)
Linguist List	bzg
Glottolog	favo1235
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Favorlang is an extinct Formosan language closely related to Babuza. Although Favorlang is considered by Taiwanese linguist Paul Jen-kuei Li to be a separate language, it is nevertheless very closely related to Babuza. In fact, the name Favorlang is derived from Babuza.^[1] Alternatively, Favorlang may also have represented a dialect of Babuza at an earlier stage, since Favorlang was documented in the mid-17th century, while Babuza was documented only around the turn of the 20th century by Japanese linguists.^[2]

Phonology

Favorlang has gone through the following sound changes. Except for the *t, *s, *Z > /t/ merger, all of these sound changes are shared by the five Western Plains languages Taokas, Babuza, Papora, Hoanya, and Thao.^[3]

Merger of PAn *n and *ŋ as /n/
Merger of *t, *s, *Z as /t/
Merger of *N and *S₁ as /s/
Complete loss of *k, *q, *H
Partial loss of *R, *j, including the loss of final *-y and *-w
*s (in initial and medial positions) > /t/

Sources

Favorlang data sources are:^[4]

Happart, Gilbertus (1650). Woorden boek der Favorlangsche Taal [Favorlang Vocabulary] (in Dutch). Later translated into English:
- Happart, Gilbertus (1840) [1650]. Written at Batavia. Dictionary of the Favorlang Dialect of the Formosan language. Translated by Medhurst, W. H. Parapattan.
5 sermons and various prayers, questions, and answers on Christianity by Jacobus Vertrecht [Wikidata] (1647–1651), a Dutch pastor
Word lists collected by Naoyoshi Ogawa in the early 1900s (unpublished manuscripts dated 1900, 1901, and 1930; others are undated)
- Notebooks 1, 2, 3, and 5, now kept by ILCAA (Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa) and TUFS (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies) – call number "OA052"
- Notebook 4, now kept at the Anthropological Institute, Nanzan University – call number "v. 1-2-1"

Syntax

Case markers include:^[5]

ja 'nominative marker'
ta 'personal name marker'
o, no 'oblique (genitive and accusative, common noun)'
i 'oblique (personal noun)'
de 'locative'
i 'directional'

Agent-focus verbal affixes include:^[6]

Agent-focus

-um- ~ -umm- (after consonant-initial verb stems) or um- ~ umm- (before vowel-initial verb stem except i-)
-im-, -em- (lexically conditioned)
m-
p-

Past tense (AF)

-in-umm-, in-umm
m-in-
-in-

Future tense (AF)

Reduplication of the first stem syllable

Imperative (AF)

-a

Non-agent-focus verbal affixes are:^[6]

-an 'locative focus'
-en, -in, -n 'patient focus'
ipa- ... -a 'imperative (non-agent-focus)'
-in-, in- 'past tense (non-agent-focus)'
ino- 'future tense (non-agent-focus)'

When -in- and -umm- appear together in a word, -in- usually precedes -um- ~ -umm-, as in Ilokano, Bontok, and some Dusunic languages in Sabah (Rungus Dusun and Kimaragang Dusun). Occasionally, -umm- precedes -in- in several Favorlang lexical forms, but this is not very common.

Pronouns

All of the following personal pronouns are free forms. All genitive pronouns end with -a.

Favorlang Personal Pronouns^[7]
Type of Pronoun	Neutral	Genitive	Nominative/Accusative
1s.	ka-ina	na-a	ina
2s.	ijonoë	joa, oa	ijo
3s.	icho	choa	icho
1p. (incl.)	torro	torroa	–
1p. (excl.)	namono	namoa	namo
2p.	imonoë	imoa	imo
3p.	aicho-es dechonoë	choa	decho

Examples

Favorlang	Translation
Namoa tamau tamasea paga de boesum, ipa-dass-a joa naan.	Our father, which art in Heaven, let Thy Name be praised!^[7]
Ka-ina paga ta Jehova oa Deosoe, tamasea pina-ijor ijo....	I am the Lord, thy God, who led thee....^[7]

The Lord's Prayer^[8]

Namoa tamau tamasea paḡa de boesum,
Ipádassa joa naan.
Ipáṣaija joa chachimit o ai.
Ipa-i-jorr'o oa airab maibas de boesum, masini de ta channumma.
Epé-e namo-no pia-dai torro uppo ma-atsikap.
Ṣo-o abó-e namo tataap o kakossi namoa,
maibas channumma namo mabo tamasea parapies i namo.
Hai pásabas i namo, ṣo-o barra'i namo innai rapies ai.
Inau joa micho chachimit o ai, ṣo-o barr'o ai, ṣo-o adas ai, taulaulan,
Amen.

References

^ Li (2003), p. 3.
^ Li (2003), p. 5.
^ Li (2003), p. 6.
^ Li (2003), p. 1.
^ Li (2003).
^ ^a ^b Li (2003), p. 11.
^ ^a ^b ^c Li (2003), p. 8.
^ Campbell, William, ed. (1896). The Articles of Christian Instruction in Favorlang-Formosan, Dutch and English, from Vertrecht's Manuscript of 1650. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. OCLC 63842595. OL 24180153M.

Bibliography

Li, Paul Jen-kuei (2003). "Introduction: Notes on Favorlang, an Extinct Formosan language". In Ogawa, Naoyoshi (ed.). English-Favorlang Vocabulary. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa. pp. 1–13. ISBN 4872978536.
Li, Paul Jen-kuei (2019). Text Analysis of Favorlang. Language and Linguistics Monograph Series 61. Taipei: Academia Sinica. ISBN 978-986-05-8008-2.
Ogawa, Naoyoshi (2003). English-Favorlang vocabulary. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa. ISBN 4872978536.
Marsh, Mikell Alan (1977). Favorlang-Pazeh-Saisiat: A Putative Formosan Subgroup (Ph.D. dissertation). Washington State University. OCLC 224303389.