Erik Wirl

Erik Wirl (30 May 1884 – 15 February 1954) was a German operatic tenor and actor.

Life

Born in Ebensee, Wirl left his voice training with the court and chamber singer Eduard F. Schuegraf in Munich.[A 1] First classified as a baritone, he later changed his voice range to that of tenor. He debuted in the role of the young sailor in Wagner's Tristan und Isolde. He then performed as a tenor opera singer in Bayreuth, Berlin, Budapest, Buenos Aires, The Hague, Frankfurt/Main, Cologne, Leipzig, Munich, Paris, Salzburg and Vienna.[1]

Wirl also sang operettas[2] and entertainment songs[3] - often in duet with renowned colleagues of his time.[4] Wirl also sang the hits of the still young sound film[5][6] the Viennese song Ja dort im Liebhardstal and the title song Wien, du Stadt der Lieder by Hans May.

In his work, special emphasis was placed on the works of Franz Schreker. Wirl sang the role of the Chevalier at the premieres of his operas Der ferne Klang on 18 August 1912 and Die Gezeichneten on 25 April 1918 the role of Menaldo Negroni[7] and created the figure of the jester in Der Schatzgräber. In Busoni's opera Turandot[8] he sang in 1918 under Gustav Brecher at the Oper Frankfurt next to Else Gentner-Fischer and Hans Ertl. At the world premiere of Delius' opera in 11 pictures Fennimore and Gerda[9] he sang in 1919 alongside John Gläser, Emma Holt and Elisabeth Kandt.

Examples of his appearance in modern operettas are Madame Pompadour by Leo Fall, where he sang René, Comte D'estrades, and Münchhausen[10] by Ernst Steffan[11] where he could be heard in the premiere on 23 December 1927 alongside Hella Kürty, Rose Ader and Fritz Schulz.

At the end of the 1920s, Wirl's participation in performances of contemporary musical avant-garde such as Paul Hindemith's lustiger Oper in drei Teilen[12] Neues vom Tage and Lindberghflug[13] cf. notes on the Ozeanflug. In Bertolt Brecht: Schriften zur Literatur und Kunst. Vol. I. Suhrkamp Verlag, pp. 128–131, and Radiotheorie [de][14] cf. work introduction [11] Archived 2014-04-07 at the Wayback Machine He appeared on stage with it both[15] as well as in the broadcast of the Berliner Funkstunde on 18 March 1930 with Fritz Düttbernd and Betty Mergler, see DRA [12] Archived 2013-05-21 at the Wayback Machine and ORF [13][permanent dead link]. "One of the most legendary plays from the late 1920s is a cooperation of Kurt Weill and Paul Hindemith on a text by Bert Brecht..." and in the record studio.[16]

Auch in den modernen Opern von Ernst Křenek trat er auf. Nachdem er bereits am 2. Dezember 1928 bei der Aufführung der Einakter-Trilogie[17] Křeneks in der Kroll Opera House den blinden Offizier und Liebhaber[18] in der „Tragischen Oper in einem Akt“ (so das Vorwort) Der Diktator op. 49 gesungen hatte, gab er in der Aufführung von Křeneks Oper Leben des Orest Op. 60 on 8 March 1930 in der Staatsoper Berlin unter dem Dirigat von Otto Klemperer Agamemnon.[19]

Wirl died in Rottach-Egern at age 69.

Filmography

Recordings

Wirl sang for the Grammophon, Vox and HMV/Electrola labels. There is no news about him from the time after 1933.

on Grammophon:

  • Grammophon 65 572 [042 578] (mx. 1372–m) Wie gefährlich ist die Frau im Negligé (Ade, ade) aus der Operette Die spanische Nachtigall by Leo Fall. Erik Wirl, with orchestra, recorded in Berlin, 10.1920
  • Grammophon 65 570 [044 322] (mx. 1371 m) Mon chéri (Mon chéri, heute Nacht) from the operetta Die spanische Nachtigall by Leo Fall. Fritzi Massary and Erik Wirl, with orchestra, recorded in Berlin, 10.1920
  • Grammophon 65 572 [044 324] (mx. 1526 s) Fink und Nachtigall (Nachtigall, dir lauscht man überall) from the operetta Die spanische Nachtigall by Leo Fall, Fritzi Massary and Erik Wirl, with orchestra, recorded in Berlin, 11.1920

on Vox:

  • Vox 3004 (mx. 18 B) Weinlied aus Der lachende Ehemann (Edmund Eysler)
  • Vox 3004 (mx. 19 B) Wiener Fiaker-Lied (Gustav Pick), Erik Wirl, with orchestra accompaniment.
  • Vox 3610 E (mx 1106-II BB) Zwei Märchenaugen, song from the operetta Die Zirkusprinzessin (Kálmán)
  • Vox 3610 E (mx. 11041 BB) Die kleinen Mädchen im Trikot, Lied und Foxtrot from the operetta Die Zirkusprinzessin (Kálmán), Erik Wirl, with orchestra accompaniment.
  • Vox 4199 E (mx. 1105-1 BB) Wenn du mich sitzen läßt, fahr ich sofort nach Budapest. Lied und Foxtrot from the operetta Die Zirkusprinzessin (Kálmán)
  • Vox 4199 E (mx. 1107-1 BB) Mein Darling muß so sein, Lied und Foxtrot from the operetta Die Zirkusprinzessin (Kálmán), Erik Wirl, and Marianne Alfermann, with orchestra accompaniment. Februar 1927
  • Vox 4201 (mx. 1627 BB) Wenn man für’s Herz was braucht, Foxtrot from the operetta Der blonde Zigeuner (Martin Knopf & Oskar Felix, H.Frey)
  • Vox 4201 (mx. 1628 BB) Ich schleich zur Nacht, Blues from the operetta Der blonde Zigeuner (Martin Knopf & Oskar Felix, H.Frey), Erik Wirl, and Marianne Alfermann with orchestra accompaniment, April 1927
  • Vox 4202 (mx. ? BB) Selbst die roten Rosen küssen, song from the operetta Der blonde Zigeuner (Martin Knopf & Oskar Felix, H.Frey), Erik Wirl, and Marianne Alfermann, with orchestra accompaniment.

on HMV / Electrola:

  • His Master's Voice E.G. 1574 (mx. BLR 5690-I) Frauen, ihr macht uns das Leben schön, Lied aus Marietta (Oscar Strauss. Deutsche Bearbeitung und Gesangstext von Alfred Grünwald), Erik Wirl mit dem Orchester des Metropol-Theaters, Berlin. Dirigent: Kapellmeister H. Bruck
  • His Master's Voice E.G. 1574 (mx. BLR 5689-I) Marietta, holdes Frauenbild, Lied aus Marietta (Oskar Strauss. Deutsche Bearbeitung und Gesangstext von Alfred Grünwald), Erik Wirl mit dem Orchester des Metropol-Theaters, Berlin. Dirigent: Kapellmeister H. Bruck
  • His Master's Voice E.G. 1796 (mx. BLR 5980-I) Fein, fein schmeckt uns der Wein. Weinlied aus Der lachende Ehemann (Eysler)
  • His Master's Voice E.G. 1796 (mx. BLR 5978 II) Trinke Liebchen, trinke schnell. Trinklied aus Die Fledermaus (J. Strauss), Erik Wirl, Tenor. In Deutsch. Mit Orch.
  • Electrola E.G.1845 (mx. BLR 6175-II) Auch du wirst mich einmal betrügen, auch du (Stolz, Reisch & Robinson) aus der Tonfilm-Operette Zwei Herzen im Dreivierteltakt. Duett Irene Eisinger und Erik Wirl, mit Orchester.
  • Die Aufnahme wurde auch in den USA vertrieben: Victor V. 6082-A You'll Be Unfaithful. Irene Eisinger – Erik Wirl
  • Electrola E.G.1846 (mx. BLR 6174-II) Wien, du Stadt der Lieder. Tango aus dem gleichnamigen Atlas-Tonfilm (Hans May. Text von E. Neubach)
  • Electrola E.G.1846 (mx. BLR 6176-I) Ja, dort im Liebhardtstal. Ein Wiener Lied aus dem Atlas-Tonfilm Wien, du Stadt der Lieder (Hans May. Instr.: Kurt Lubbe. Text von Hans Pflanzer), Erik Wirl, Tenor, mit Orchesterbegleitung

Reissues

  • CDs 75 Jahre Donaueschinger Musiktage 1921–1996 [ WWE 12CD 31899 (WWE 1CD 31900) ], Verlag Col Legno, München 1996, enthält: Lindberghflug / Paul Hindemith, Kurt Weill (18' 25")
  • CDs, Four German Sopranos Of The Past, Preiser Records[21] contains: Carl Maria von Weber: Der Freischütz (Op. 77): Wie? was? Entsetzen! Erik Wirl / Irene Eisinger / Käte Heidersbach, 1930 (6' 32").
  • CD Imre Kálmán: Du bist das Liebste: Ein Komponistenportrait, Duophon Records, Fa. Alfred Wagner,[22] enthält als track 8 Marianne Alfermann & Erik Wirl: Wenn du mich sitzen lässt.
  • CD Tonfilmschlager der Weimarer Republik (1929–1933), Duophon Records, Fa. Alfred Wagner,[23] contained as track 22 Irene Eisinger, Erik Wirl – Auch du wirst mich einmal betrügen.
  • CD Fritzi Massary 4, TrueSoundTransfers, Fa. Chr. Zwarg, Best. Nr. TT-3053 contains three Grammophon-recording with Fritzi Massary and Erik Wirl from the operetta Die spanische Nachtigall by Leo Fall.[24]
  • Vinyl LP A-6034 A / A-6034 B Brüder, zur Sonne, zur Freiheit: Arbeitermusik der Weimarer Republik in Originalaufnahmen. Label: pläne – 88287, pläne – 88287 G (1982). Thereof re-recording on CD (No. 1627, 1995)[25] contained as track 10 Erik Wirl with Orchestra: Die Massnahme.[26]

Further reading

  • Bertolt Brecht: Schriften zur Literatur und Kunst. Vvol. I. Suhrkamp Verlag, 1967.
  • Albrecht Dümling: Musikalische Verfahrensweise und gesellschaftliche Funktion: Hanns Eisler und der Jazz. In ASPM Beitr. z. Popularmusikforschg. 15/16. (…durch den Gesang des Operntenors Erik Wirl sowie die Begleitung…[27])
  • Tobias Faßhauer: Abhängigkeit bis zur Selbstpreisgabe? Einflüsse von Kurt Weill in Hanns Eislers Song von der Ware. Article online at [14] Archived 2014-04-07 at the Wayback Machine (PDF; 753 kB)
  • Martin Knopf: Der blonde Zigeuner. Operetta in three acts, authors: Martin Knopf, Oskar Felix, Robert Winterberg, Verlag und Vertrieb, 1927, compare with recordings by Wirl.[28]
  • Ernst Křenek, Claudia Maurer-Zenck (ed.): Briefwechsel mit der Universal Edition (1921–1941). 2 volumes. 1st edition. Böhlau, 2010, ISBN 978-3-412-20570-6.
  • Karl-Josef Kutsch, Leo Riemens (eds.): Unvergängliche Stimmen. Sängerlexikon. Francke, Bern 1982.
  • Karl-Josef Kutsch, Leo Riemens (eds.): Großes Sängerlexikon. Supplementary volume [I]. Francke, Bern 1991, pp. 1133–1954.[29]
  • Lotz, Künstlerdiskographie nennt Aufnahmen Wirls bei Vox ab 1921.[30]
  • Manfred H. Grieb (edit.): Nürnberger Künstlerlexikon. Munich 2007.
  • Konstanze Rohm: „Jederzeit zu allem bereit“ – Zur musikalischen Dramaturgie in Ernst Kreneks Oper Leben des Orest. In Niels Grosch (edit.): Aspekte des modernen Musiktheaters in der Weimarer Republik. Waxmann Verlag, Münster 2004, ISBN 3-8309-1427-X, pp. 208–225.

Notes

  1. ^ Wirl, Erik on BMLO
  2. ^ for example, Strauss's Die Fledermaus, Oscar Straus Marietta, Edmund Eysler Der lachende Ehemann or Emmerich Kálmá's Die Zirkusprinzessin
  3. ^ Rhine and wine songs like Wilhelm Heiser's Grüßt mir das blonde Kind am Rhein or Carl Beines's Des Zechers Lust, and Viennese songs like Johann Sioly's Das hat ka Goethe g'schrieb'n, Ralph Benatzky's I must be in Grinzing again, Robert Stolz's Vienna becomes beautiful at night first
  4. ^ for example with Marianne Alfermann [1] and Irene Eisinger
  5. ^ so from Richard Oswald's sound film Vienna, City of Song (1930)
  6. ^ Filmportal
  7. ^ see Tamino-Klassikforum
  8. ^ (BV 273) 1917
  9. ^ on 21 October 1919, also at the opera house Frankfurt/Main under Gustav Brecher, cf. [2]
  10. ^ see[permanent dead link]
  11. ^ see Karl Albert 2005 [3] Archived 2014-04-07 at the Wayback Machine on the author and [4] on the work
  12. ^ libretto by Marcellus Schiffer, premiered on 8 June 1929 at the Kroll Opera in Berlin.
  13. ^ according to Brecht's will actually Der Ozeanflug, former title Der Lindberghflug and Der Flug der Lindberghs,
  14. ^ by Bertolt Brecht with the music of Paul Hindemith and Kurt Weill.
  15. ^ see [5]. An audio sample is available at [6]
  16. ^ Tobias Fasshauer "Archivlink" (PDF). Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) (PDF; 753–kB) mentions the recording of Brecht/Eisler's Song von der Ware from 1931 with the tenor Erik Wirl and Bertolt Brecht as speakers
  17. ^ Das ist Der Diktator (1926), Schwergewicht oder Die Ehre der Nation and Das geheime Königreich (beide 1927), cf. "Archivlink". Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) and [7] Archived 2014-04-07 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ vgl. Briefwechsel mit der Universal-Edition S. 514 Anm. 1
  19. ^ alongside Marie Schulz-Dornburg as Clytemnestra, Moje Forbach as Elektra and Käte Heidersbach as Iphigenia, Fritz Krenn played Orest [8].
  20. ^ "Détective amateur | Erich Engels | 1932 | Encyclo-ciné".
  21. ^ Erik Wirl at AllMusic Edit this at Wikidata. "Archivlink". Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  22. ^ "Willkommen bei duo-phon-records".
  23. ^ "Willkommen bei duo-phon-records".
  24. ^ "Truesound Transfers TT-3053".
  25. ^ "Details". Archived from the original on June 8, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  26. ^ Ausführl. Inhalt[permanent dead link]
  27. ^ Text zur Popularmusik (PDF; 1,1-MB)
  28. ^ [9] and Dismarc Googlecom
  29. ^ "MusicSack / Music Sack".
  30. ^ [10] (PDF; 2,1-MB)

References

  1. ^ Baritone Eduard Schuegraf (6 December 1851 in Munich - 14 December 1928 id.) and worked as a concert singer there after his training. After further studies he was engaged at the Munich Court Opera in 1882/83. He also sang at the theater in Nuremberg, where he gave a song recital on 3 May 1888 as a farewell performance. From 1889 to 1890 he was engaged at the Mecklenburg State Theatre. Besides, he worked as a singing teacher. Cf. NKL 1/2007, vol. 3."Picture of Schuegraf". Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) can be seen here.

Read other articles:

Distell Group LimitedTypePublic limited companyTraded asJSE: DGHIndustryBrewing, BeveragePredecessorStellenbosch Farmers' Winery Distillers CorporationFounded4 December 2000; 22 years ago (2000-12-04) through MergerFounderWilliam Charles Winshaw SFW's Founder Anton Rupert Distillers Corp's FounderDefunctApril 26, 2023; 6 months ago (2023-04-26)FateCarved-outSuccessorHeineken BeveragesHeadquartersStellenbosch, South AfricaKey peopleRichard Rushton - CEOReven...

 

Huruf Kiril O ganda Alfabet KirilHuruf SlaviaАА́А̀А̂А̄ӒБВГҐДЂЃЕЕ́ÈЕ̂ЁЄЖЗЗ́ЅИИ́ЍИ̂ЙІЇЈКЛЉМНЊОŌПРСС́ТЋЌУУ́ У̀У̂ӮЎФХЦЧЏШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯHuruf non-SlaviaӐА̊А̃Ӓ̄ӔӘӘ́Ә̃ӚВ̌ҒГ̑Г̣Г̌ҔӺҒ̌ӶД̌Д̣Д̆ӖЕ̄Е̃Ё̄Є̈ӁҖӜҘӞЗ̌З̱З̣ԐԐ̈ӠӢИ̃ҊӤҚӃҠҞҜК̣ԚӅԮԒӍӉҢԨӇҤО́О̀О̆О̂О̃ӦӦ̄ӨӨ̄Ө́Ө̆ӪҨԤР̌ҎҪС̣С̱Т̌Т̣ҬУ̃Ӱ Ӱ́Ӱ̄ӲҮҮ́ҰХ̣Х̱Х̮Х̑ҲӼӾҺ

 

Articulu in campidanesu Bandera de s'Unioni europea Is treminis de foras de s'Unioni europea. Commissioni europea S'Unioni europea (in curtzu UE o Ue) est una entitadi politica subranatzionali e intergovernativa ca incluit 28 paisus membrus indipendentis e democraticus. Sa sua istitutzioni cun su nomini de immoa benit de su trattau de Maastricht de su 7 de freargiu de su 1992 (e at pigau su balori su 1u de ognassantu de su 1993), a custu is stadus ca ddis pigant parti, ddis funt lompius a pus...

American musician and writer Michael AzerradAzerrad at the Seattle International Film Festival in 2007, after a screening of his film Kurt Cobain: About a SonEducationColumbia University (BA)Occupation(s)Author, music journalist, editor, and musicianNotable workCome as You Are: The Story of NirvanaOur Band Could Be Your Life Michael Azerrad is an American author, music journalist, editor, and musician. A graduate of Columbia University, he has written for publications such as Spin, Rolling St...

 

Nasi lemakNasi lemak yang disajikan bersama sambal cumi, sambal teri, teri kacang, separuh telur rebus, dan irisan mentimun.SajianHidangan utama, umumnya disajikan sebagai sarapanTempat asalMalaysia[1][2][3][4][5]DaerahDunia Melayu—meliputi Pulau Sumatra di Indonesia (terutama Sumatera Utara, Riau dan Kepulauan Riau), Semenanjung Malaya, Singapura, Brunei, Filipina Selatan, dan Thailand SelatanMasakan nasional terkaitMalaysiaDibuat olehOrang Mela...

 

Турнір першої ліги Десятого чемпіонату України з футболу 2000—2001 проводився з 30 липня 2000 по 26 червня 2001 року. Прикарпаття Чорноморець Зірка Миколаїв Вінниця Волинь-1 Поліграфтехніка Металург Динамо-2ЦСКА-2 Черкаси Спартак Львів Шахтар-2 Закарпаття Буковина Борисфен Дніпро...

Гранха-де-ТорреермосаGranja de Torrehermosa ПрапорМуніципалітетКраїна  ІспаніяАвтономна спільнота ЕстремадураПровінція БадахосКоординати 38°18′00″ пн. ш. 5°34′59″ зх. д. / 38.3° пн. ш. 5.583° зх. д. / 38.3; -5.583Координати: 38°18′00″ пн. ш. 5°34′59″ зх. 

 

People Win ✌ 1885 Chicago mayoral election ← 1883 April 7, 1885 1887 →   Nominee Carter Harrison Sr. Sidney Smith Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 43,352 42,977 Percentage 50.09% 49.66% Mayor before election Carter Harrison Sr. Democratic Elected Mayor Carter Harrison Sr. Democratic Elections in Illinois Federal government U.S. Presidential elections 1820 1824 1828 1832 1836 1840 1844 1848 1852 1856 1860 1864 1868 1872 1876 1880 1884 1888 1892 1896 19...

 

American politician Kevin M. BurkeOfficial portrait, 2007Massachusetts Secretary of Public SafetyIn office2007–2010GovernorDeval PatrickPreceded byRobert C. HaasSucceeded byMary Elizabeth HeffernanDistrict Attorney of Essex CountyIn officeJanuary 1979 – January 2003Preceded byJohn P. S. BurkeSucceeded byJonathan W. BlodgettMember of the Massachusetts House of Representativesfrom the 4th Essex districtIn officeJanuary 1, 1975 – January 3, 1979Preceded byThom...

Artificially created or enhanced sound This article is about the usage in plays and movies. For the usage in electric guitars other instruments, see Sound effect (musical instruments). Not to be confused with Sound Affects (album). This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article contains instructions, advice, or how-to content. Please help rewrite the content so that it is mo...

 

Discrimination in higher education The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Margaret A. Hamburg (right) listens as a student explains her research at the 2013 the annual Salute to Science Student Poster Symposium, held at the ag...

 

عمال يعملون على إزالة الأنقاض في 14 سبتمبر 2001 اتسمت ردة الفعل على المستوى المحلي، وعلى مستوى ولاية نيويورك، وعلى المستوى الفدرالي والدولي تجاه هجمات 11 سبتمبر على مركز التجارة العالمي بضخامتها. حفزت أحداث ذلك اليوم استجابة كبرى لدى خدمات الطوارئ المحلية وفرق الإنقاذ للمساع...

Turning TablesSingel oleh Adeledari album 21Dirilis5 November 2011StudioSphere Studios (London)GenrePopDurasi4:10LabelXLColumbiaPencipta Adele Adkins Ryan Tedder ProduserJim AbbissKronologi singel Adele Rumour Has It (2011) Turning Tables (2011) Skyfall (2012) Video penampilan langsungTurning Tables di YouTube Turning Tables adalah sebuah lagu yang direkam oleh penyanyi-penulis lagu asal Inggris Adele untuk album studio ketiganya, 21 (2011). Disusun setelah sebuah pertengkaran dengan seorang ...

 

2000 television film directed by Ralph Hemecker WitchbladeAdvertisementGenre Supernatural Fantasy Action Superhero Based onWitchbladeby Marc SilvestriDavid WohlBrian HaberlinMichael TurnerWritten byJ. D. ZeikDirected byRalph HemeckerStarring Yancy Butler Anthony Cistaro Conrad Dunn David Chokachi Kenneth Welsh Will Yun Lee Eric Etebari Music byJoel GoldsmithCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishProductionExecutive producers Dan Halsted Marc Silvestri Producers Perry Husman Bra...

 

Jazz trio of John Heard, Tom Ranier, and Sherman Ferguson This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (November 2021)Heard Ranier FergusonGenresJazzYears active1980sLabelsITIPast membersJohn HeardTom RanierSherman Ferguson Heard Ranier Ferguson was a jazz trio consisting of bass player John Heard, pianist Tom Ranier, and drummer Sherman Ferguso...

Italian painter Annunciazione (Annunciation) by Giovanni Battista Vanni, Church of San Francesco di Paola at Florence. Apostle and four angels: from a set of 15 etchings (1642) by Giovanni Battista Vanni; based on Correggio's fresco in Parma Cathedral Biography Giovanni Battista Vanni was born in either Pisa or Florence around 1599; he studied successively under Jacopo da Empoli, Aurelio Lomi, and Matteo Rosselli, and then became a disciple of Cristofano Allori. He is better known as an engra...

 

Hard outer layers of cereal grain For other uses, see Bran (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Chaff. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Bran – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Wheat bran structure (E: outer laye...

 

俄羅斯MOEX指數 俄羅斯MOEX指數(俄語:Индекс МосБиржи),前稱MICEX指數,是俄羅斯股票市場的主要指數,以俄羅斯盧布計價。[1] 指數成立於1997年9月22日[2],與以美元計價的RTS指數具有相同的成份股。[3]俄羅斯的投資者一般偏好使用俄羅斯MOEX指數,而其他國家的投資者則偏好使用RTS指數。[4] 參見 RTS指數 外部連結 Moscow Exchange Indices (MOEX Russia Index a...

This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (September 2014) This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Semantic Intelligence – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2009) (Learn how and when to...

 

2019 filmThe Balkan LineMovie posterDirected byAndrey VolginWritten by Ivan Naumov Natalya Nazarova Andrey Anaykin Produced by Gosha Kutsenko Vadim Byrkin Vasil Sevc Tatyana Kuranova Anastasiya Pelevina Dmitriy Rubezhin Dmitriy Zemskov Miloš Biković Miodrag Radonjić Starring Anton Pampushnyy Gosha Kutsenko Miloš Biković Gojko Mitić Ravshana Kurkova Productioncompanies 20th Century Fox CIS Upgrade Vision Bless Film Archangel Studios Distributed byBuena Vista International (Russia)Art Vis...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!