Chua Tian Chang

In this Chinese name, the family name is Chua (蔡).

Chua Tian Chang
蔡添强
Member of the Malaysian Parliament for Batu
In office 8 March 2008 – 9 May 2018
Preceded by	Ng Lip Yong (BN–Gerakan)
Succeeded by	Prabakaran Parameswaran (Independent)
Majority	9,455 (2008) 13,284 (2013)
Vice President of the People's Justice Party
In office 4 April 1999 – 17 July 2022 Serving with Nurul Izzah Anwar (2010–2018) Fuziah Salleh (2010–2014) Mansor Othman (2010–2014) Shamsul Iskandar Md. Akin (2014–2018) Xavier Jayakumar Arulanandam (2018–2021) Rafizi Ramli (2014–2022) Zuraida Kamaruddin (2018–2020) Ali Biju (2018–2020) Chang Lih Kang (2018–2022) Michael Teo Yu Keng (2020–2022)
President	Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (1999–2018) Anwar Ibrahim (2018–2022)
Information Chief of the People's Justice Party
In office April 2004 – 8 March 2008
President	Wan Azizah Wan Ismail
Succeeded by	Muhammad Nur Manuty
Chairman of the Pertubuhan DAYA Masyarakat Malaysia
Personal details
Born	(1963-12-21) 21 December 1963 (age 61) Malacca, Malaysia
Citizenship	Malaysian
Political party	Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM) (–1999) People's Justice Party (PKR) (1999–2023) Independent (since 2023)
Other political affiliations	Barisan Alternatif (BA) (1999–2004) Pakatan Rakyat (PR) (2008–2015) Pakatan Harapan (PH) (2015–2023)
Alma mater	Sydney University University of New South Wales
Occupation	Politician

Chua Tian Chang, better known as Tian Chua (simplified Chinese: 蔡添强; traditional Chinese: 蔡添強; pinyin: Cài Tiānqiáng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhòa Thiam-kiông; born 21 December 1963), is a Malaysian politician who served as Special Advisor to the Minister of Works from March 2019 to February 2020 and Member of Parliament (MP) for Batu from March 2008 to May 2018. He is an independent and was a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) as well as Barisan Alternatif (BA) coalitions. He was also a member of the Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM). He served as Vice-President of PKR from the founding of PKR in April 1999 to July 2022 and Information Chief of PKR from April 2004 to March 2008 and Division Chief of Batu of PKR before July 2022.

Early life

Born in Malacca on 21 December 1963, he was the eldest of four siblings. His father, Chua Neo Lai, is of Hakka descent and was a rice wholesaler. His late mother, Chan Yuet Chien, was a Chinese schoolteacher.^[1] Chua was educated in Siang Lin Primary School and Catholic High School, Melaka. He then studied Lower Six in Gajah Berang High School. In 1982, Tian went to continue his studies in Australia. He first studied Matriculation in South Sydney High School. After completing HSC, he got admitted into Agricultural Science in Sydney University. He said:

I wanted to be a scientist and invent things, like Thomas Edison. I got interested in the agro-sciences as I wanted to study things that could be useful.^[1]

But in his third year, he switched to Philosophy at the University of New South Wales. Australia in the 1980s was a hotbed for student activists. "My father had hoped I'd study law for good future prospects. But I became exposed to peace movements, environmental issues, and human rights situations around the world". He became an active student leader and was involved in student movement under the Network of Overseas Student Collectives (NOSCA) and Left Alliance. His mates included Steven Gan and Premesh Chandran, co-founders of news website Malaysiakini. Together, they protested against the imposition of university fees on foreign students started by Bob Hawke's administration in 1985.^[1] Chua had his first taste of arrest when he was locked up after a demonstration in Sydney. He was also recruited by East Timor then leader-in-exile, now president Ramos Horta to help prepare newsletters.^[1]

Early career

Upon returning to Malaysia in 1990, he joined Suara Rakyat Malaysia (SUARAM) in the campaign against Internal Security Act (ISA). He also began to get involved in the labour movement in Malaysia. In 1992, he joined Hong Kong-based Asia Monitor Resource Center (AMRC), a regional labour research NGO.

After his contract in Hong Kong ended, he went for further studies in the Institute of Social Studies (ISS) in The Hague, The Netherlands. He graduated with Masters in Employment & Labour Studies. Tian again returned to Malaysia in 1996 and continued to pursue a trail of life as social activist.

In 1997, Tian was appointed the director of Labour Resource Centre (LRC). The centre was found in 1990 by a group of trade unionists and labour activists. He was also in the Board of SUARAM.

In 1998, SUARAM initiated a forum comprised NGOs and opposition parties known as Gagasan Demokrasi Rakyat Malaysia. The forum was officially launched during the saga of Anwar Ibrahim and Reformasi. Tian was elected the chairperson of the movement.

Reformasi and Detention under ISA

Chua was involved with the Reformasi movement in Malaysia in 1999 due to the sacking of Anwar Ibrahim as Deputy Prime Minister. He became famous when images of him sitting defiantly in front of a police water cannon truck were splashed across the global media during the height of the movement.^[2]

Between 27 and 30 September 1999, Tian Chua and six other activists, including KeADILan leaders; Youth leader Mohd Ezam Mohd Nor, Mohamed Azmin Ali and Dr Badrul Amin Baharun; were arrested and as a result prevented from contesting in the 1999 general elections.^[3] Further arrests were made on 10 April 2001 and those arrested were subsequently charged and in carcerated under the Internal Security Act (ISA).^[4] They became known as the Reformasi 10.^[5]

At the Kamunting detention camp, Tian Chua kept himself busy by dabbling in his love for drawing and painting. He drew the insects that entered his cell and made over 100 Hari Raya and Chinese New Year cards for friends and family. He had much time to read including heavy tomes like Homer's Iliad, and learnt Thai, Norwegian, Arabic, French and Sanskrit, which he has mostly forgotten now. Tian Chua spent two years in detention under the ISA and numerous times in police lock-ups for championing various causes since 1996.^[6]

Political involvement

In 1999, Tian Chua was invited to join the newly founded Parti Keadilan Nasional (KeADILan) headed by Dr Wan Azizah. In 2004, KeADILan merged with Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM) and formed Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR). Tian Chua was appointed the Information Chief and was then elected the national vice-president of the party.^[7]

He has manned the PKR service centre in the heart of Sentul since it was opened in 2004. Areas that came under his Batu constituency include Sentul. The constituency has the most Projek Perumahan Rakyat (PPR) public housing apartments and one of the highest rates of petty crime in the city. Tian Chua as a lawmaker himself later, had pledged not to change his ways:

I'm not changing my approach. My responsibility is to voice out and if there is something that needs me to, I will do it.

In the 2008 general election (GE12), Tian Chua contested in the Batu parliamentary constituency in Kuala Lumpur and won, defeating Barisan Nasional's Lim Si Pin with a 9,455 majority, who is the son of Lim Keng Yaik the former national president of Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Gerakan). Tian Chua won for the second time in the Batu, Kuala Lumpur for the 2013 general election (GE13) defeating BN's Dominic Lau Hoe Chai with 13,284 majority.

Tian Chua was disqualified to contest and unable defend his Batu parliamentary seat in the 2018 general election (GE14) when his nomination was rejected due to a RM2,000 fine from a court case that he paid in 2010.^[8] He instead endorsed one of the independent candidates, 22-year-old law student Prabakaran Parameswaran who later won the seat and jointed PKR as the country's youngest parliamentarian.^[9] The High Court in 2019 declared that his GE14 disqualification was invalid and that he is eligible to contest future general elections.^[10] Tian Chua was appointed as the Special Adviser to the Minister of Works during the short ruling period of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration after GE14 from March 2019 until it collapse due to the political crisis in 2020 in February.^[11]

Issues and controversies

Attacking, disobeying and insulting police cases

In a 2007 demonstration in front of the parliament, Tian Chua had bit a police constable's arm which had led to him being charged in 2009 under Section 332 of the Penal Code.^[12] He was convicted and sentenced to his six-month jail and RM3,000 fine but upon his appeal, the High Court had later reduced it to just a RM2,000 fine in 2010.^[13] The ruling enabled Tian Chua to keep his MP seat of Batu won in GE12 and even for him to retain it again in GE13.^[14] Somehow the 2010 court case judgement had caused Tian Chua's GE14 candidacy been rejected unexpectedly but the High Court had later overturned the disqualification and maintained his eligibility contesting future elections in 2019.^[8][10]

In 2012, Tian Chua was arrested at the Bersih 3.0 rally and was later detained of committing an offense of trespassing Police Training Centre (PULAPOL), a "Restricted Area". He was then charged, convicted and sentenced by the Sessions Court in 2014 to one-month's imprisonment and a RM1,000 fine for refusing a police order to leave the PULAPOL.^[15] After five years fighting for his case in the High Court and the Court of Appeal, he finally withdrew his appeal and was sent to jail in 2017.^[16]

In another 2014 incident, Tian Chua had insulted a policeman in front of a hotel where he was then charged for outraging the modesty of the police officer by using foul language and ordered by the court in 2017 to pay a total of RM3,000 following his conviction.^[17] Somehow again the High Court had later reduced the fine to RM2,000 while upheld his conviction.^[18]

Accusation of sedition

Following the 2013 Lahad Datu standoff, Tian Chua commenting through his Twitter hinted that the country standoff with the defunct-Sultanate of Sulu throne claimants followers from the southern Philippines was staged by the Malaysian ruling government party of United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), where he was then heavily criticised by the party politicians as well the public for his lacking of "sensitiveness" on the issue.^[19] Tian Chua was then asked by UMNO to withdraw his defamation remarks although he refused which led the case being brought to court.^[20] Through his defence statement in court, he denied making defamation words towards the party.^[21]

In 2014, Tian Chua agreed to withdraw his remarks, where the charges towards him was dropped soon thereafter.^[22][23] Attempts to appeal the case by the prosecution went unheeded by the court and he was finally cleared of sedition charge in 2016.^[24]

Election results

Parliament of Malaysia^[25]^[26]^[27]

Year	Constituency	Candidate		Votes	Pct	Opponent(s)		Votes	Pct	Ballots cast	Majority	Turnout
1999	P121 Selandar		Chua Tian Chang (keADILan)	12,316	34.82%		Fong Chan Onn (MCA)	23,055	65.18%	36,525	10,739	73.70%
2004	P115 Batu		Chua Tian Chang (PKR)	17,201	37.46%		Ng Lip Yong (Gerakan)	28,718	62.54%	46,228	11,517	68.33%
2008			Chua Tian Chang (PKR)	29,785	58.76%		Lim Si Pin (Gerakan)	20,330	40.11%	51,303	9,455	72.72%
2013			Chua Tian Chang (PKR)	41,672	58.25%		Dominic Lau Hoe Chai (Gerakan)	28,388	39.68%	72,147	13,284	84.48%
2022			Chua Tian Chang (IND)	4,603	5.28%		Prabakaran Parameswaran (PKR)	45,716	52.46%	87,146	22,241	76.54%
							Azhar Yahya (PAS)	23,475	26.94%
							A. Kohilan Pillay (MIC)	10,398	11.93%
							Wan Azliana Wan Adnan (PEJUANG)	849	0.97%
							Siti Kasim (IND)	653	0.75%
							Nur Fathiah Syazwana Shaharuddin@ Cleo (IND)	628	0.72%
							Naganathan Pillai (WARISAN)	575	0.66%
							Zulkifli Abdul Fadlan (PRM)	137	0.16%
							Too Cheng Huat@ Too Gao Lan (IND)	112	0.13%

Kedah State Legislative Assembly^[25]

Year	Constituency	Candidate		Votes	Pct	Opponent(s)		Votes	Pct	Ballots cast	Majority	Turnout
2004	N34 Lunas		Chua Tian Chang (PKR)	8,979	40.45%		Ganesan Subramaniam (MIC)	13,218	59.55%	22,197	4,239	80.86%

In popular culture

In 2009, Tian Chua took the lead role in a science fiction short film titled One Future, which depicted Malaysia as an Orwellian dystopia. The character's fate at the hands of the authorities in the film mirrors aspects of Tian Chua's own public life.

See also

• Batu (federal constituency)

References

1. June H.L. Wong; Chin Mui Yoon (20 April 2008). "From lawbreaker to lawmaker". Aliran Monthly. The Star. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2008.
2. Philip Golingai (29 September 2018). "Revisiting Reformasi 20 years later". The Star Online. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
3. Francis Loh (22 September 1999). "The Rakyat have Awakened and They want Justice". Aliran Monthly. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
4. "Malaysia: Fear of torture or ill-treatment / incommunicado detention / prisoners of conscience". Amnesty International. 12 April 2001. Archived from the original on 2 May 2003. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
5. "The Anwar Case and the Reformasi 10". Human Rights Watch. 2004. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
6. "From Lawbreaker To Lawmaker". Malaysia Today. 20 April 2008. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
7. Cynthia Ng (4 June 2018). "Tian Chua: Deprived of Office, Still An Activist". Awani Review. Astro Awani. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
8. Karen Arukesamy (28 April 2018). "Tian Chua disqualified due to RM2k fine in 2010". The Sun Daily. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
9. "Prabakaran elected as youngest ever parliamentarian". The Star. 9 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
10. "High Court: Tian Chua's GE14 disqualification invalid, can contest future polls". Bernama. The Star Online. 6 November 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
11. Bernama (27 February 2019). "Tian Chua appointed as special adviser to Works Minister". New Straits Times. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
12. "'Tian Chua's bite on cop similar to biting sugarcane'". Bernama. The Star Online. 1 April 2009. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
13. "Tian Chua won't appeal against RM2,000 fine". The Star Online. 19 June 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
14. P. Aruna (30 June 2011). "Dewan Rakyat Speaker says Tian Chua remains Batu MP". The Star Online. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
15. "High Court upholds sentence on Tian Chua over refusal to heed police order". Bernama. New Straits Times. 30 November 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
16. Khairah N. Karim (29 September 2017). "Tian Chua goes to jail for trespassing into Pulapol". New Straits Times. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
17. "'Batu MP Tian Chua fined RM3,000 for insulting cop". The Star Online. 10 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
18. Iskandar Shah Mohamed (2 March 2018). "High Court upholds Tian Chua's guilty verdict of 'insulting the modesty' of a police officer". New Straits Times. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
19. "Tian Chua lambasted over Lahad Datu statement". My Sinchew. 2 March 2013. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
20. "Apologise to Umno, Tian Chua". Bernama. Free Malaysia Today. 4 March 2013. Archived from the original on 8 March 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
21. "Lahad Datu: Tian Chua denies making defamatory statement against Umno". Bernama. The Star. 23 April 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
22. "Tian Chua Withdraws Lahad Datu Comments". New Straits Times. Malaysian Digest. 13 January 2014. Archived from the original on 17 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
23. "Umno drops suit after Tian Chua issues apology". The Star. 14 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
24. S Tamarai Chelvi (2 March 2016). "Tian Chua finally cleared of Lahad Datu sedition charge". The Sun. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
25. "Keputusan Pilihan Raya Umum Parlimen/Dewan Undangan Negeri" (in Malay). Election Commission of Malaysia. Retrieved 4 February 2017. Percentage figures based on total turnout.
26. "Malaysia General Election". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 19 April 2013. Results only available from the 2004 election.
27. "KEPUTUSAN PILIHAN RAYA UMUM 13". Sistem Pengurusan Maklumat Pilihan Raya Umum (in Malay). Election Commission of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 24 March 2017.