Bruce Straley

Bruce Straley
Straley in 2016
Nationality	American
Occupations	Game director artist designer
Employers	Western Technologies (1992–1993) Pacific Softscape (1993–1995) Crystal Dynamics (1996–1999) Naughty Dog (1999–2017) Wildflower Interactive (2021–present)
Signature

Bruce Straley is an American game director, artist, designer, and studio director. He previously worked for the video game developer Naughty Dog, known for his work on the video games The Last of Us and Uncharted 4: A Thief's End. Straley's first video game work was as an artist at Western Technologies Inc, where he worked on the Menacer six-game cartridge (1992)^[a] and X-Men (1993). Following this, he formed a company, Pacific Softscape, where he worked as a designer on Generations Lost (1994). After the company disbanded, Straley was eventually hired at Crystal Dynamics, where he worked as a designer on Gex: Enter the Gecko (1998) and was initially game director for Gex 3: Deep Cover Gecko (1999); he left the company partway through development of the latter.

Straley was employed at Naughty Dog in 1999. He worked as an artist on Crash Team Racing (1999) and the Jak and Daxter series (2001–2004). Following this, he became co-art director on Uncharted: Drake's Fortune (2007), and was promoted to game director of Uncharted 2: Among Thieves (2009). He was later chosen to lead development on The Last of Us (2013) as game director, a role he continued during the development of Uncharted 4: A Thief's End (2016). Straley has received praise for his work. In particular, his work on The Last of Us was highly praised, and the game received several awards and nominations. He departed Naughty Dog in September 2017, and started his own studio, Wildflower Interactive, in March 2021.

Career

Bruce Straley grew up in Florida.^[1] He felt pressure from his mother to attend school after his brother and sister dropped out; since he felt that drawing was his only talent, he attended an art institute and received a degree in advertising design.^[2] When Straley heard about California from his friend, he decided to move to Los Angeles. After struggling to find a job in advertising, he applied for an art design position at Western Technologies Inc.^[3] At the job interview the following day, a programmer showed him footage from Sonic the Hedgehog and asked if he could make similar art; he said yes, and was offered the job by the end of the day.^[4] He worked on a video game about Robosaurus for some time, though it was eventually canceled.^[5]

Straley worked on two more games at Western Technologies Inc: the Menacer six-game cartridge in 1992,^[a] and X-Men in 1993.^[6] Following this, he formed a company, Pacific Softscape, with some ex-employees at Western Technologies. There, he worked as designer on Generations Lost in 1994.^[7] He felt too inexperienced to run a company, and did not get along with some of his coworkers, so the company disbanded in 1995.^[8][9] He left the industry for a short time, traveling to Europe, before moving to San Francisco in 1996 and receiving a job at Crystal Dynamics through a friend.^[10][11] There, Straley worked alongside several future Naughty Dog employees,^[12] including Amy Hennig, who later became creative director of the Uncharted series,^[12] Evan Wells, who later became co-president of Naughty Dog,^[13] and Danny Chan, who later worked as a lead programmer on Crash Team Racing.^[14]

Straley worked as designer on Gex: Enter the Gecko (1998),^[15] and was promoted to game director for Gex 3: Deep Cover Gecko (1999). Around this time, some of his coworkers, including Wells and Chan, had moved to Naughty Dog in Santa Monica, California; Straley, unhappy with the development of Gex 3 and missing his friends, followed them and met Naughty Dog co-founder Jason Rubin.^[14] Having left during development, Straley was credited for "additional art" on Gex 3.^[16] In March 1999, Straley was employed at Naughty Dog;^[17] he was the fifteenth employee.^[18]

At Naughty Dog, Straley worked as an artist on Crash Team Racing in 1999.^[19] Although he was employed as a texture artist, the small size of the team resulted in Straley performing various jobs, including design, background modeling and foreground animating, among others. As the size of the studio grew, the tasks became more specific.^[20] Straley acted as artist on Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy (2001),^[21] Jak II (2003),^[22] and Jak 3 (2004).^[23] Straley is credited with creating the technology that managed the appearance of the Jak and Daxter series, and having the knowledge to understand the technical and artistic features, bridging the communication gap between the two departments.^[13] For Uncharted: Drake's Fortune (2007), Straley was appointed the role of co-art director, alongside Bob Rafei, which involved advancing the team's technology from the PlayStation 2 to the PlayStation 3. He was then given the role of game director for Uncharted 2: Among Thieves, which was released in 2009.^[20]

Straley (left) with creative director Neil Druckmann (right) at PAX Prime 2014. The two worked closely throughout the development of The Last of Us and Uncharted 4: A Thief's End, forming a friendship that they jokingly described as a "marriage".^[24]

Following the development of Uncharted 2, Naughty Dog split into two teams to work on projects concurrently. With one team working on Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception (2011), co-presidents Evan Wells and Christophe Balestra chose Straley and Neil Druckmann to lead development on a new game; Straley was selected to lead the project, as game director, based on his experience and his work on previous projects.^[13] Though they were originally set to develop a new game in the Jak and Daxter series, the team felt that they "weren't doing service to the fans of [the] franchise", and decided to create a new game, titled The Last of Us.^[25]

Straley and Druckmann had previously worked together on Uncharted 2, and found that they shared similar interests. During the development of The Last of Us, Straley and Druckmann often joked that their relationship was "like a marriage", in which they have many differing ideas, but ultimately wish to achieve the same goal.^[24] Straley's role in developing The Last of Us was to handle gameplay.^[24] In the final weeks of development, Straley undertook roles from different departments that were busy with other tasks; for example, he was seen hand-arranging the texts on the game's training screens, a task that lead artist Nate Wells found unusual. Wells said: "I have never even heard of a game director doing that! That's like... an intern task."^[26] At the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2012, Straley showcased a gameplay demonstration of The Last of Us at Sony's press conference; his stance on the stage became an Internet meme, and was referred to as "The Bruce".^[27] The game was released on June 14, 2013, to critical acclaim.^[28] For his work on the game, Straley and Druckmann were nominated for Best Director from The Daily Telegraph; it was ultimately awarded to Davey Wreden for his work on The Stanley Parable (2013).^[29] Straley later continued his role as game director for The Last of Us: Left Behind (2014), a downloadable content and expansion pack for the 2013 game.^[30]

Following Hennig's departure from Naughty Dog in March 2014, it was announced that Straley and Druckmann were working on Uncharted 4: A Thief's End (2016) as game director and creative director, respectively.^[31] Initial reports claimed that Hennig was "forced out" of Naughty Dog by Straley and Druckmann, though Wells and Balestra later denied this.^[32] Straley presented gameplay demonstrations of Uncharted 4 at the PlayStation Experience in December 2014,^[33] and at the E3 2015 in June.^[34] The game was released on May 10, 2016, to critical acclaim.^[35] For his work on the game, Straley won Outstanding Visual Effects in a Real-Time Project at the 15th Visual Effects Society Awards, alongside visual effects artists Eben Cook and Iki Ikram.^[36] After the release of Uncharted 4, Straley took a break from development; he did not return to direct The Last of Us Part II.^[37] On September 13, 2017, Straley announced his departure from Naughty Dog, stating that he "found [his] energy focusing in other directions" following his break.^[38] His decision to leave was also partly due to burnout;^[39] his relationship with Naughty Dog and Sony became strained. Following the lack of credit to Straley in the television series The Last of Us in 2023, he considered the support for unionization in the video game industry, saying it may be necessary "to protect creators".^[40][41]

Straley worked as a story consultant on Chained: A Victorian Nightmare (2018), a virtual reality theater experience. He was awarded the Vanguard Award at the Fun & Serious Game Festival in December 2019.^[42] After leaving the industry in 2017, Straley was unsure if he wanted to continue making games; however, after thinking more about the medium, an "idea kept following [him]".^[43] He and some friends began prototyping, and eventually decided to create a studio, Wildflower Interactive,^[43] founded on March 11, 2021,^[44] and announced in July 2022. As studio director, Straley wants the studio to be "inclusive, equitable, and collaborative".^[43] It is operating in a fully remote work environment.^[43]

Works

Video games

Year	Game title	Role
1992	Menacer six-game cartridge[a]	Artist
1993	X-Men	Art, design[6]
1994	Generations Lost	Designer[7]
1996	Mr. Bones	Additional animation[47]
1998	Gex: Enter the Gecko	Designer[15]
1999	Gex 3: Deep Cover Gecko	Additional art[16]
1999	Crash Team Racing	Artist[19]
2001	Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy	Artist[21]
2003	Jak II	Artist[22]
2004	Jak 3	Artist[23]
2007	Uncharted: Drake's Fortune	Co-art director[20]
2009	Uncharted 2: Among Thieves	Game director[20]
2013	The Last of Us	Game director[13]
2014	The Last of Us: Left Behind	Game director[30]
2016	Uncharted 4: A Thief's End	Game director[31]
2017	Gorogoa	Special thanks
2018	Chained: A Victorian Nightmare	Story consultant[42]

Literature

Year	Title	Role	Notes
2013	The Art of The Last of Us	Writer (introduction)[48]	with Neil Druckmann
2014	The Art of Naughty Dog	Writer (sections)	with Neil Druckmann,[49] Evan Wells, and Christophe Balestra[50]

Film and television

Year	Title	Notes
2013	Grounded: Making The Last of Us	Documentary[51]
2015	Conversations with Creators	Web series; Episode 2[52]

Awards and nominations

Date	Award	Category	Recipient(s) and Nominee(s)	Result	Ref.
December 31, 2013	The Daily Telegraph Video Game Awards 2013	Best Director	Bruce Straley and Neil Druckmann	Nominated	[29]
February 7, 2017	15th Visual Effects Society Awards	Outstanding Visual Effects in a Real-Time Project	Bruce Straley, Eben Cook, and Iki Ikram	Won	[36]
December 11, 2019	Fun & Serious Game Festival	Vanguard Award	Bruce Straley	Won	[42]

References

Notes

1. The Menacer six-game cartridge consisted of: Ready, Aim, Tomatoes!, Rockman's Zone, Space Station Defender, Whack Ball, Front Line and Pest Control.^[45][46]

Footnotes

1. Gaynor & Straley 2018, 12:04.
2. Gaynor, Steve; Straley, Bruce (March 15, 2018). "Bruce Straley". Tone Control (Podcast). Idle Thumbs. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
3. Gaynor & Straley 2018, 13:30.
4. Gaynor & Straley 2018, 15:00.
5. Gaynor & Straley 2018, 17:21.
6. Western Technologies Inc (March 1993). X-Men (Sega Genesis) (1.0 ed.). Sega. Scene: Credits.
7. Gaynor & Straley 2018, 21:30.
8. Gaynor & Straley 2018, 25:20.
9. Gaynor & Straley 2018, 28:49.
10. Gaynor & Straley 2018, 26:13.
11. Gaynor & Straley 2018, 28:55.
12. Helgeson, Matt (February 25, 2013). "Something In The Water: Crystal Dynamics In The '90s". Game Informer. GameStop. p. 7. Archived from the original on August 18, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
13. Hansen, Ben (February 22, 2012). "New Tricks: An Interview With Naughty Dog's Co-Presidents". Game Informer. GameStop. Archived from the original on March 31, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
14. Gaynor & Straley 2018, 42:06.
15. Crystal Dynamics (January 31, 1998). Gex: Enter the Gecko (PlayStation) (1.0 ed.). BMG Interactive, Midway Games. Scene: Credits.
16. Crystal Dynamics (March 1, 1999). Gex 3: Deep Cover Gecko (PlayStation) (1.0 ed.). Eidos Interactive. Scene: Credits.
17. Naughty Dog. "Crash Bandicoot – Time Line". Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original on July 29, 2008. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
18. Straley, Bruce [@bruce_straley] (September 11, 2014). "30 years of Naughty Dog?! I was the 15th hire, back in the day" (Tweet). Archived from the original on March 13, 2021. Retrieved March 13, 2021 – via Twitter.
19. Naughty Dog. "Bruce Straley". Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original on May 20, 2004. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
20. Turi, Tim (February 24, 2012). "Expanding The House: Naughty Dog's Second Team". Game Informer. GameStop. Archived from the original on March 31, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
21. Naughty Dog (December 3, 2001). Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy (PlayStation 2) (1.0 ed.). Sony Computer Entertainment. Scene: Credits.
22. Naughty Dog (October 14, 2003). Jak II (PlayStation 2) (1.0 ed.). Sony Computer Entertainment. Scene: Credits.
23. Naughty Dog (November 9, 2004). Jak 3 (PlayStation 2) (1.0 ed.). Sony Computer Entertainment. Scene: Credits.
24. "The Last of Us – The Best Film Of The Year (That Wasn't Actually A Film)". Empire. Bauer Media Group. December 18, 2013. Archived from the original on April 1, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
25. Gaston, Martin (October 4, 2013). "Naughty Dog reveals how axed Jack and Daxter reboot led to The Last of Us". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on November 1, 2014. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
26. Ligman, Kris (July 16, 2013). "The Last of Us art director talks ego-less game development". Gamasutra. UBM plc. Archived from the original on December 6, 2014. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
27. Paul, Jason (June 12, 2012). "The Last of Us presents The Bruce". Naughty Dog. Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original on July 6, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2015.
28. Hussain, Tamoor (June 5, 2013). "The Last of Us review round-up: 'Easily Naughty Dog's finest moment'". Computer and Video Games. Future plc. Archived from the original on June 8, 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
29. Hoggins, Tom (December 31, 2013). "Telegraph Video Game Awards 2013". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on March 19, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
30. Jayne, Jeremy (February 17, 2014). "The Last of Us Developers Talk Left Behind DLC [SPOILERS]". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on May 21, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
31. Moriarty, Colin (June 2, 2014). "The Last of Us' Directors Are Officially Heading Up Uncharted 4". IGN. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
32. Dyer, Mitch (March 4, 2014). "Uncharted PS4 Writer Amy Hennig Leaves Naughty Dog". IGN. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
33. LeBoeuf, Sarah (December 7, 2014). "Uncharted 4: A Thief's End PlayStation Experience Demo". The Escapist. Defy Media. Archived from the original on July 6, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
34. Good, Owen S. (June 20, 2015). "Why Uncharted 4's action-packed demo began with 30 seconds of standing around". Polygon. Vox Media. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
35. Hussain, Tamoor (May 5, 2016). "Uncharted 4 Review Roundup". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on May 7, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
36. Grobar, Matt; Pedersen, Erik (February 7, 2017). "VES Awards Live Blog & Winners List: 'Jungle Book' & 'Deepwater Horizon' Have Two Apiece". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on February 9, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
37. Makuch, Eddie (December 4, 2016). "The Last of Us 2: Bruce Straley Not Returning to Direct". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on December 11, 2016. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
38. Brightman, James (September 13, 2017). "Naughty Dog's Bruce Straley leaves the studio". Gamesindustry.biz. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on September 13, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
39. Martens, Todd (February 10, 2022). "Why Tom Holland in 'Uncharted' signals a generational shift in gaming's Hollywood incursion". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
40. Martens, Todd (January 15, 2023). "How 'The Last of Us' changed gaming, strained relationships and spawned an empire". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
41. Carter, Justin (January 19, 2023). "The Last of Us' Bruce Straley wants more game industry unions". Game Developer. Informa. Archived from the original on January 19, 2023. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
42. Lagioia, Gianfranco (December 9, 2019). "Bruce Straley keeps his future paths very secretive". Gamereactor. Gamez Publishing A/S. Archived from the original on December 9, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
43. Ivan, Tom (July 20, 2022). "Former Uncharted and Last of Us director Bruce Straley has announced a new studio". Video Games Chronicle. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
44. Wildflower Interactive [@playwildflower] (March 11, 2024). "Celebrating the 3rd anniversary of Wildflower's founding!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on March 11, 2024. Retrieved March 12, 2024 – via Twitter.
45. Reynolds, Matthew (March 16, 2013). "Menacer retrospective: The Mega Drive's light-gun flop". Digital Spy. Hearst Corporation. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
46. "Menacer: 6-Game Cartridge". IGN. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2015.
47. Zono (October 18, 1996). Mr. Bones (Sega Saturn) (1.0 ed.). Sega. Scene: Credits.
48. Druckmann, Neil; Straley, Bruce (June 2013). The Art of The Last of Us. United States of America: Dark Horse Comics. p. 7.
49. Druckmann, Neil; Straley, Bruce (October 2014). "The Last of Us". In Wright, Brendan (ed.). The Art of Naughty Dog. United States of America: Dark Horse Comics. pp. 126–145.
50. Wells, Evan; Straley, Bruce; Balestra, Christophe (October 2014). "Undeveloped Projects". In Wright, Brendan (ed.). The Art of Naughty Dog. United States of America: Dark Horse Comics. pp. 146–159.
51. Naughty Dog and Area 5 (2013). Grounded: Making The Last of Us. Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
52. Wheaton, Wil (June 22, 2015). "Conversations with Creators with Wil Wheaton Premieres July 7th". PlayStation Blog. Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original on July 17, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2015.

External links

• Bruce Straley at IMDb