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Blue seedeater
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Cardinalidae
Genus:	Amaurospiza
Species:	A. concolor
Binomial name
	Amaurospiza concolor; Cabanis, 1861

The blue seedeater (Amaurospiza concolor), or Cabanis's seedeater, is a species of bird in the cardinal family Cardinalidae that is found in southern Mexico and Central America. The Ecuadorian seedeater (Amaurospiza aequatorialis) was formerly considered as a subspecies.

Taxonomy and systematics

The blue seedeater was formally described in 1861 by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis based on a specimen that had been collected in Costa Rica. Cabanis placed the species in a new genus Amaurospiza and coined the binomial name Amaurospiza concolor.^[1]^[2] The specific epithet is Latin meaning "uniform", "similar in colour" or "plain".^[3]

The blue seedeater was formerly considered to be conspecific with the Ecuadorian seedeater. Most authorities now treat the Ecuadorian seedeateras a separate species. This is based largely on the results of molecular phylogenetic studies that were published in 2014 and 2023.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] Confusingly, as of January 2024, BirdLife International uses the scientific name A. moesta for blue seedeater. The BirdLife account encompasses what are now the blue, Ecuadorian, and blackish-blue seedeaters.^[9]

Two subspecies are recognised:^[6]

A. c. relicta (Griscom, 1934) – southwest Mexico
A. c. concolor Cabanis, 1861 – south Mexico, Belize, Honduras to Panama

Description

The blue seedeater is 11.5 to 14 cm (4.5 to 5.5 in) long and weighs 12 to 15 g (0.42 to 0.53 oz). The nominate male is entirely slate blue. The female's upperparts are cinnamon and the underparts tawny. The male A. c. relicta is more slaty (less blue) than the nominate and has black lores; the female is a paler cinnamon.^[10]

The songs and calls have been transcribed in several ways.^[10] A song from Chiapas, Mexico, is [1]. One from Panama is [2]. A call from Puebla, Mexico, is [3] and one from Panama is [4].

Distribution and habitat

The nominate blue seedeater is found from Chiapas in southern Mexico through Central America to western and central Panama. A. c. relicta is found in six southwestern Mexico states, Jalisco, Colima, Morelos, Puebla, Guerrero and Oaxaca. The species inhabits openings in and edges of humid montane and secondary forest. It most often is found at sites with bamboo. In northern Central America it ranges in elevation from 600 to 2,500 m (2,000 to 8,200 ft) but in Costa Rica inhabits the narrower range of 1,700 to 2,200 m (5,600 to 7,200 ft).^[10]

Behavior

Feeding

The blue seedeater's diet includes insects, seeds, and bamboo shoots.^[10]

Breeding

The only known blue seedeater nest was found in Mexico. It was a cup of coarse grass lined with finer grass placed in the fork of a slender branch. It contained two seedeater eggs and one of the brood parasite bronzed cowbird (Molothrus aeneus).^[10]

Status

The IUCN has not assessed the blue seedeater.

References

^ Cabanis, Jean (1861). "Uebersicht der im Berliner Museum befindlichen vögel von Costa Rica. (Fortsetzung)". Journal für Ornithologie (in German). 9 (49): 3–11 [3].
^ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 151.
^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ Bryson, R.W. Jr; Chaves, J.; Smith, B.T.; Miller, M.J.; Winker, K.; Pérez-Emán, J.L.; Klicka, K. (2014). "Diversification across the New World within the 'blue' cardinalids (Aves: Cardinalidae)". Journal of Biogeography. 41: 587–599 [590]. doi:10.1111/jbi.12218.
^ Areta, J.I.; Benítez Saldívar, M.J.; Lentino, M.; Miranda, J.; Ferreira, M.; Klicka, J.; Pérez-Emán, J. (2023). "Phylogenetic relationships and systematics of the bamboo-specialist Amaurospiza blue seedeaters". Ibis. 165 (3): 844–861. doi:10.1111/ibi.13181.
^ ^a ^b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (December 2023). "Cardinals, grosbeaks and 'tanager' allies". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
^ Chesser, R.T.; Billerman, S.M.; Burns, K.J.; Cicero, C.; Dunn, J.L.; Hernández-Baños, B.E.; Jiménez, R.A.; Kratter, A.W.; Mason, N.A.; Rasmussen, P.C.; Remsen, J.V.J.; Winker, K. (2023). "Sixty-fourth supplement to the American Ornithological Society's Check-list of North American Birds". Ornithology. 140: 1–11. doi:10.1093/ornithology/ukad023.
^ Clements, J.F.; Rasmussen, P.C.; Schulenberg, T.S.; Iliff, M.J.; Fredericks, T.A.; Gerbracht, J.A.; Lepage, D.; Spencer, A.; Billerman, S.M.; Sullivan, B.L.; Wood, C.L. (2023). "The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2023". Retrieved 22 January 2024.
^ BirdLife International (2018). "Amaurospiza moesta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T105965570A132047632. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T105965570A132047632.en. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Ramos-Ordoñez, M. F., C. I. Rodríguez-Flores, C. A. Soberanes-González, M. d. C. Arizmendi, A. Jaramillo, and T. S. Schulenberg (2020). Blue Seedeater (Amaurospiza concolor), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.blusee1.01 retrieved 16 May 2021