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Belle Harbor
Belle Harbor
Neighborhood of Queens
	Location within New York City
	Coordinates: 40°34′30″N 73°51′00″W / 40.575°N 73.85°W
Country	United States
State	New York
City	New York City
County/Borough	Queens
Community District	Queens 14
Time zone	UTC−5 (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Code	11694
Area codes	718, 347, 929, and 917

Belle Harbor is a small residential neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens, located on the western half of the Rockaway Peninsula, the southernmost area of the borough. Belle Harbor commonly refers to the area from Beach 126th to Beach 141st Streets.^[2]

The neighborhood is part of Queens Community Board 14.^[3] According to the 2010 United States Census, the neighborhood, coupled with nearby Neponsit, had a population just over 5,400.^[4] Belle Harbor was the site of the 2001 crash of American Airlines Flight 587, which killed 265 people.

History

Development

The opening of passenger railroad service in 1880 to Rockaway Park from Long Island City and from Flatbush Terminal (now Atlantic Terminal) in downtown Brooklyn, via the Long Island Rail Road's Rockaway Beach Branch, facilitated population growth on the Rockaways Peninsula.

The makings of Belle Harbor began in 1900, when a New York State judge ordered that the land west of Rockaway Park be put up for auction. The area that makes up Belle Harbor and the neighboring community of Neponsit was bought by Edward P. Hatch, who, after a couple years, sold it to the West Rockaway Land Company in 1907.^[5] Residential lots in Belle Harbor were auctioned off in 1915.^[6] The president of the company, Frederick J. Lancaster, who had earlier developed the Edgemere neighborhood, officially gave the community its name.^[7]

Prior to Lancaster's acquisition of the land, however, a group of men wishing to form a yacht club entered into a grant agreement with the West Rockaway Land Company in 1905. The group, which had named itself the Belle Harbor Yacht Club, bought property from the company for four thousand dollars. The agreement included two hundred square feet of land and thirty plots of upland. That same year, the group received corporation status by the State of New York, and by 1908 began participating in its first inter-club ocean races with some of the city's other yacht clubs.^[8]

The earliest homes in Belle Harbor were built circa 1910. Over the next four decades, hundreds of single- and two-family houses were built from beach to bay, filling most of the land by the early 1950s.^[9] In the 1960s and 1970s, the neighborhood became a haven for working class and lower-middle-class families looking to escape the congestion of "mainland" Brooklyn and Queens. Many civil servants, including teachers, firefighters and police officers owned homes in the neighborhood. The housing bubbles in the late 1980s and early 2000s brought a different mix of residents but many many third and fourth generation residents remain.^[10]

Disasters

September 11, 2001

The neighborhood suffered heavy losses from the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. These included several members of the Fire Department of New York—ranging from probationary firefighter to captain—and people who worked at the World Trade Center. The names of the 343 firefighters killed at the World Trade Center are listed on a monument at Tribute Park on Beach Channel Drive and Beach 116 Street, a 0.83-acre (0.34 ha) park marking the 75 area residents killed in the attacks, which then-mayor Michael Bloomberg cited as "more than any other neighborhood in the city".^[11]^[12]

American Airlines Flight 587

On November 12, 2001, American Airlines Flight 587, bound for Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic, crashed in the center of Belle Harbor, killing all 260 passengers and crew on board, as well as five others on the ground. Many of the passengers on the plane were from the Dominican community in Washington Heights.^[13] After consultation with families in the Belle Harbor and Washington Heights communities, a memorial was erected at Beach 116th Street in Rockaway Park, a major shopping district and transportation hub in the area. Although a temporary memorial was developed at the actual site of the disaster, on Newport Avenue, many still annually gravitate toward the Rockaway Park area for commemoration. In 2001, a resident stated to The Guardian, "It's impossible to understand unless you live here."^[14] Father Michael Geraghty, a priest quoted in the same article, said that it was common for people to live in the houses that their parents lived in and that many families lived in the same houses for generations. "^[14]

Hurricane Sandy

Belle Harbor was further devastated by Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012. The storm surge from the Atlantic Ocean completely inundated the peninsula, sending waves through the streets and into Jamaica Bay. In addition, more than a dozen homes and the Harbor Light restaurant were completely destroyed by fire.^[15] The neighborhood has almost completely recovered.^[16]

Demographics

Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of the combined area of Breezy Point/Belle Harbor/Rockaway Park/Broad Channel was 28,018, an increase of 1,307 (4.9%) from the 26,711 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 2,033.88 acres (823.08 ha), the four neighborhoods had a population density of 13.8 inhabitants per acre (8,800/sq mi).^[17]

The racial makeup of the neighborhoods was 78.3% (21,946) White, 7.5% (2,095) African American, 0.1% (29) Native American, 2.1% (595) Asian, 0.0% (8) Pacific Islander, 0.2% (66) from other races, and 0.9% (259) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.8% (3,020) of the population.^[18]

Geography

Belle Harbor is a suburban enclave on the Rockaway Peninsula, on a narrow barrier peninsula sandwiched between the Atlantic Ocean to the south and Jamaica Bay to the north. It is also bordered by the neighborhood of Neponsit to the west and Rockaway Park to the east. Its broad, white sandy beaches draw residents and visitors to the area. As part of the New York City parks system, Rockaway Beach is open to the public. The beaches in Belle Harbor draw many down-for-the-day visitors (DFDs) during the week. Street parking is prohibited on weekends and holidays from May 15 to September 30. Visitors must use buses, bicycles or the ferry/shuttle service to access the neighborhood beaches during those times.^[19] The bike lanes on Rockaway Beach Blvd. connect to both the Rockaway and Riis Park boardwalks and are part of the Jamaica Bay Greenway Bike Path.^[20]

Community

Belle Harbor is primarily made up of single-family homes with many third and fourth generation Irish Catholic residents. The community also has Italian-American and Jewish American populations, and is home to a large number of New York City police officers and firefighters, both active and retired.^[13]

A commercial center is located on Beach 129th Street. A larger shopping area used by some residents of Belle Harbor is located on Beach 116th Street in Rockaway Park.^[21]

Transportation

Vehicular access to the area is available via the Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge, which provides access to Brooklyn, and the Cross Bay Veterans Memorial Bridge, which connects to Broad Channel and mainland Queens.

The A and S trains of the New York City Subway are available at the Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street station. Several MTA Bus lines, namely the Q22, Q35, Q53 SBS and QM16, also serve the area.^[22]

A shuttle service from NYC Ferry connects Belle Harbor to the landing at Beach 108 Street on Jamaica Bay.^[23]

Education

Belle Harbor residents are zoned for schools in the New York City Department of Education. Residents are zoned to PS/MS 114 Belle Harbor School for grades K-8.^[24]

Additionally there are private schools within the area including St. Francis de Sales Catholic Academy, a Catholic school of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn^[25] and three Jewish schools: West End Temple Early Childhood Center (for pre-school),^[26] Yeshiva of Belle Harbor^{[citation needed]} and Mercaz HaTorah of Belle Harbor^[27]

References

^ "NYC Planning | Community Profiles". communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
^ Lucadamo, Kathleen. "Belle Harbor, Beautiful and Resilient; The Queens beachfront neighborhood has come back from tragedy more than once", The Wall Street Journal, July 17, 2015. Accessed July 21, 2016. "Belle Harbor stretches along Rockaway Beach from 126th to 141st streets and is four blocks wide."
^ Queens Boards, New York City. Accessed January 26, 2024.
^ "Census Nonsense" Archived July 9, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, The Wave. Accessed January 27, 2012.
^ Seyfried, Vincent; Asadorian, William (1999). Old Rockaway, New York, in Early Photographs. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. p. 93. ISBN 0-486-40668-7. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
^ "Belle Harbor Sale; Nearly 700 Lots with Big Ocean Frontage Announced for Auction". The New York Times. July 11, 1915. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
^ "A Queens Timeline" Archived November 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Queens Tribune; accessed December 14, 2006
^ "Club History", Belle Harbor Yacht Club. Archived April 16, 2012, at the Wayback Machine; accessed January 28, 2012.
^ "NYC Planning ZoLa".
^ "About Us – Belle Harbor Property Owners Association".
^ Tribute Park, New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Accessed March 15, 2023. "It includes a mosaic centerpiece, a cupola, and a granite rock engraved with the names of all 343 firefighters who died on September 11.... Acreage: 0.83"
^ "Rockaway Shines As Tribute Park Opens", The Wave, November 11, 2005. Accessed March 15, 2023. "Hundreds turned out last Sunday afternoon as Mayor Michael Bloomberg officially led the ceremony welcoming family members of those who died on September 11 and the public at large into Tribute Park for the first time.... Bloomberg, sprinting to the peninsula after New York City Marathon duties, called Rockaway 'a perfect place for Tribute Park as 75 members of this community gave their lives on September 11 – more than any other neighborhood in the city.'"
^ ^a ^b "Plane Crash in Queens." Seconds From Disaster. [documentary TV series]
^ ^a ^b Younge, Gary. "Flight to the death: Just two months after 9/11, a Queens suburb suffered the second-worst plane crash in US history. Five years on, residents tell Gary Younge, the cause remains worryingly unresolved", The Guardian, November 11, 2006; accessed January 24, 2008. "On flight 587, myriad immigrant stories of hope foundered. On board was Hilda Yolanda Mayol, 26, a waitress who had escaped from the north tower of the World Trade Center and was heading to the Dominican Republic with her mother and children to take her mind off the trauma."
^ "Huge fire in Sandy's wake destroys New York City beach community". Reuters. October 31, 2012.
^ Hurricane Sandy, theatlantic.com. Accessed October 20, 2015.
^ Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed July 16, 2016.
^ Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed July 16, 2016.
^ Yarrow, Andrew L. (May 23, 1986). "Out and About on Memorial Day; How to Find That Sand and Surf". The New York Times. p. C1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 13, 2020. Inland, on the blocks between beach and bay, are the well-kept neighborhoods of Neponsit and Belle Harbor. If you're coming by car, daytime street parking is prohibited on weekends and holidays from May 15 to September 30 between Beach 117th and Beach 149th Street...
^ "Biking the 19-mile Jamaica Bay Greenway". August 24, 2021.
^ "NYC's Zoning & Land Use Map". nyc.gov. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
^ "Queens Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. August 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
^ "Rockaway Ferry Route & Schedule | NYC Ferry Service".
^ Home. PS/MS 114 Belle Harbor School. Retrieved on September 16, 2017. Archived February 12, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
^ Welcome, St. Francis de Sales Catholic Academy. Accessed March 15, 2023.
^ Early Childhood Center, West End Temple. Accessed March 15, 2023. "West End Temple Early Childhood Center... has a Pre-K, 3K and Two-Year-Old Program."
^ History, Mercaz HaTorah of Belle Harbor. Accessed March 15, 2023.