Annamayya district

Annamayya district
District of Andhra Pradesh
108-foot Annamayya statue in Rajampet
Location of Annamayya district in Andhra Pradesh
Coordinates: 14.05°N 78.75°E / 14.05; 78.75
Country	India
State	Andhra Pradesh
Region	Rayalaseema
Formed	4 April 2022
Founded by	Government of Andhra Pradesh
Named for	Annamacharya
Headquarters	Rayachoti
Largest city	Madanapalle
Administrative Divisions	3 revenue divisions Madanapalle, Rayachoti, Rajampeta 30 Mandalas
Government
• District Collector	C. Sridhar, IAS
• SP	V. Vidya Sagar Naidu, IPS
• DFO	P. Vivek, IFS
• Lok Sabha constituencies	Rajampeta
• MP	P. V. Midhun Reddy
Area [1]
• Total	7,951 km^2 (3,070 sq mi)
Population  (2011)[2][3]
• Total	1,697,308
• Density	210/km^2 (550/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Telugu
Literacy [4]
• Literates	10,03,000
Time zone	UTC+05:30 (IST)
Postal Index Number	516XXX, 517XXX
Website	annamayya.ap.gov.in

Annamayya district is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, established in 2022. Rayachoti serves as the district's administrative headquarters, while Madanapalle is the most populous city in the district.

Etymology

The district is named after Annamacharya,^[5] a 15th-century Hindu saint from Tallapaka, Rajampeta, and the earliest known Indian musician to compose songs called sankirtanas in praise of the Hindu deity Venkateswara.^[6]

History

Annamayya district was formed on 4 April 2022 from parts of the former Chittoor and YSR districts as part of the reorganisation of Andhra Pradesh districts, using parliamentary constituencies as the basis for the new boundaries.^[7]

Rayachoti is home to many megalithic sites and stone circles. Devandlapalli, located in the T. Sundupalle mandal of the district, is a well-known megalithic site.^[8]

Nandalur^[9] is an important Buddhist site in the district, along with Tallapaka, Rajampeta, Konduru, and Khazipeta.

Geography

Annamayya district is located in the extreme southwestern part of Andhra Pradesh, within the geographical coordinates of 13° 19’ 55” to 14° 42’ 32” northern latitude and 78° 18’ 55” to 79° 20’ 26” eastern longitude. It is part of the Rayalaseema region. The district is bordered to the north by Kadapa District, to the west by Sri Sathya Sai district, and to the south by Chikballapur and Kolar districts of Karnataka and Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. To the east, it is bordered by Nellore and Tirupati districts of Andhra Pradesh.^[10]

Natural resources

The Palakonda Hills, also known as the Seshachalam Hills, Nallamalais, and Lankamalais, are the major hill ranges in the district. The Cheyyeru River is the main river of the district, joining the Penneru River at Gundlamada in Vontimitta Mandal. The bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) and Madras langur are commonly found in the area. Tigers, leopards, and other wild animals can still be seen in the hill ranges. The grey partridge (kamju in Telugu) and quail are commonly seen in the forests and countryside. Black soil occupies 23.7% of the district's area. Barytes, limestone, and asbestos are the major minerals found here. The average annual rainfall is 743.7 mm, generally increasing from the northwest to the southeast of the district.^[11]

Demographics

Religions in Annamayya district based on the 2011 census[12]
Religion			Percent
Hinduism			81.97%
Islam			17.25%
Other or not stated			0.78%

According to the 2011 census, Annamayya District had a population of 1,697,308, of which 391,511 (23.07%) lived in urban areas. The district has a sex ratio of 989 females for every 1,000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes account for 228,501 (13.46%) and 62,475 (3.68%) of the population, respectively.^{[2]: 80–84 [3]: 82–87}

Languages of Annamayya district based on the 2011 census^[13]

  Telugu (81.91%)

  Urdu (16.40%)

  Lambadi (1.04%)

  Others (0.65%)

According to the 2011 census, 81.91% of the population spoke Telugu, 16.40% spoke Urdu, and 1.04% spoke Lambadi as their first language.^[13]

Administrative divisions

Map of mandals of Annamayya district

Mandals

The district is divided into three revenue divisions: Madanapalle, Rajampeta, and Rayachoti. These are further subdivided into a total of 30 mandals, each headed by a sub-collector.^[14] The mandals are:

1. Madanapalle revenue division
   1. Beerangi Kothakota
   2. Kalikiri
   3. Kurabalakota
   4. Madanapalle
   5. Mulakalacheruvu
   6. Nimmanapalle
   7. Peddamandyam
   8. Peddathippasamudram
   9. Ramasamudram
   10. Thamballapalle
   11. Valmikipuram
2. Rajampeta revenue division
   1. Chitvel
   2. Nandalur
   3. Obulavaripalle
   4. Penagalur
   5. Pullampeta
   6. Railway Koduru
   7. Rajampet
   8. T. Sundupalle
   9. Veeraballi
3. Rayachoti revenue division
   1. Chinnamandyam
   2. Galiveedu
   3. Gurramkonda
   4. Kalakada
   5. Kambhamvaripalle
   6. Lakkireddypalli
   7. Pileru
   8. Ramapuram
   9. Rayachoti
   10. Sambepalli

Politics

There is one Lok Sabha constituency named Rajampet, along with six assembly constituencies in the district.^[15]

The assembly constituencies are given below.

Constituency number	Name	Reserved for (SC/ST/None)	Parliamentary constituency
125	Rajampet	None	Rajampet
127	Kodur	SC
128	Rayachoti	None
162	Thamballapalle	None
163	Pileru	None
164	Madanapalle	None

Cities and towns

There are three municipalities ^[16] and one nagar panchayat in the district.

Municipal Bodies in Annamayya District

Ciy/Town	Civil status	Revenue Division	Population(2011)
Madanapalle	Municipality	Madanapalle	180,180
Rayachoti	Municipality	Rayachoti	98,299
Pileru	Major Panchayath	Rayachoti	60,253
Rajampeta	Municipality	Rajampeta	57,277

Economy

Agriculture is the main economic activity in the district. The major crops include paddy, groundnut, sunflower, cotton, and betel leaves. The main horticultural crops are mango, papaya, banana, lemon, and sweet orange. As of the fiscal year 2019–20, the gross cropped area is 171,617 hectares, while the gross irrigated area is 66,281 hectares. The Pincha and Annamayya irrigation projects are the major irrigation initiatives in the district.^[17]

Transport

Roadways

The road network of the district consists of 301.59 km of National Highways, 330.46 km of State Highways, 831.91 km of major district roads, and 4,131.43 km of Panchayat Raj roads.^[18] National Highways NH 716, NH 40, and NH 71 pass through the district. Additionally, the proposed NH 370, which will connect Nellore to Ananthapuram (Nellore–Rapur–Rajampet–Rayachoti–Kadiri–Ananthapuram), is currently under planning and will also pass through the district.

Railways

As of 2019–20, the district is served by a broad-gauge railway line measuring 195.13 km in length, with 24 railway stations that are part of the Guntakal railway division of South Central Railway Zone. The Madanapalle Road railway station, located 12 km from Madanapalle, is on the Guntakal-Pakala-Tirupati line that passes through the district.^{[18] [19]} Kadapa railway station is the nearest major railway station, situated 51 km from Rayachoti.

Airways

The nearest small airport is Kadapa Airport, located 54 kilometres (34 mi) from Rayachoti. The nearest major airport is Tirupati International Airport, which is 130 kilometres (81 mi) away from Rayachoti.

Education

According to the 2011 census, the district has a literacy rate of 64.63%, which is lower than the state literacy rate of 67.35%.^[1] As of 2019–20, the district has 1,975 primary schools, 391 upper primary schools, 553 high schools, 128 junior colleges, 59 degree colleges, and 82 professional and postgraduate colleges.^[18]

Rishi Valley School, founded by Jiddu Krishnamurti, is known for developing the popular multi-grade teaching methodology. Besant Theosophical College, founded by Annie Besant, is another notable educational institution in Madanapalle.

The district has several institutions for engineering, including Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences (AITS),^[20] Narayanadri Institute of Science and Technology (NIST),^[21] Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science (MITS), and Sri Sai Institute of Science (SSITS).

Tourism

Sri Parasurameshwara temple, Attirala

Sri Soumyanatha Swamy temple, Nandalur

The prominent religious sites in the district include the Sri Parasurameshwara Temple in Attirala and the Sowmyanadha Swamy Temple in Nandalur.^[22] Horsley Hills is a major hill station in the region.

Volcanogenic bedded Barytes

Volcanogenic bedded barytes located at Mangampet in the Obulavaripalle mandal have been declared a geo-heritage site by the Geological Survey of India (GSI) for their protection, maintenance, promotion, and enhancement of geotourism.^[23][24][25]

Notable people

1.Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy, former Chief Minister United Andhra Pradesh

2.Kiran Abbavaram, Tollywood actor

3.Harishankar Reddy, played for CSK in the IPL

4.Bindu Madhavi, Tamil actress

5.Jiddu Krishnamurthy, Indian philosopher

References

1. CPO 2022, p. IX.
2. "District Census Hand Book – YSR Kadapa" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
3. "District Census Hand Book – Chittoor" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
4. CPO 2022, p. iX.
5. Apparasu, Srinivasa Rao (5 April 2022). "Andhra adds 13 new districts with aim to boost governance". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
6. "Life and Times of Sri Tallapaka Annamacharya". Svasa.org. Archived from the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
7. CPO 2022.
8. "Megalithic burial site found in Kadapa". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 24 June 2012.
9. Mitra, Debala, ed. (1983). Indian Archaeology 1979–80—A Review (PDF). New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2012.
10. CPO 2022, p. III.
11. CPO 2022, p. IV-V.
12. "Population by Religion - Andhra Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
13. "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
14. "Revenue Division". Annamayya district. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
15. CPO 2022, p. XVI.
16. CPO 2022, p. XV.
17. CPO 2022, p. V-VI.
18. CPO 2022, p. VI.
19. "Guntakal division map". South central railway. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
20. "Annamacharya Institute of Technology & Sciences - Rajampet". www.aitsrajampet.ac.in.
21. "NIST Home page". NIST, Rajampet. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
22. CPO 2022, p. VII.
23. "National Geological Monument, from Geological Survey of India website". Archived from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
24. "Geo-Heritage Sites". pib.nic.in. Press Information Bureau. 9 March 2016. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
25. National geo-heritage of India (PDF). INTACH. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 January 2017.

Books

CPO (2022). District Hand Book of Statistics – 2020 Annamayya district (PDF).

External links

• Mandals of Annamayya district - OSM interactive map