Aeneas Francon Williams

Aeneas Francon Williams
Williams (right, holding a hat) standing on the steps of Wolseley House, Kalimpong 1914
Born	(1886-02-17)17 February 1886 Liscard, Wirral, Cheshire, Britain
Died	9 December 1971(1971-12-09) (aged 85) Sheffield, Yorkshire
Nationality	British
Occupation(s)	Missionary, Minister, Chaplain, teacher, writer, poet
Spouse	Clara Anne Rendall
Children	2
Parent(s)	John Francon Williams Barbara Balmain Dougall

Aeneas Francon Williams, FRSGS^[1] (17 February 1886 – 9 December 1971) was a Minister^[2] of the Church of Scotland, a Missionary, Chaplain, writer and a poet. Williams was a missionary in the Eastern Himalayas^[3] and China and writer of many published works.

Family

The gravestone of Aeneas Francon Williams and his wife Clara Anne Rendall at Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh

Aeneas Francon Williams was born at 15 Leonard Street, Liscard, Wirral, Cheshire, the second son of four to John Francon Williams FRGS, and Barbara Balmain Dougall. Aeneas had three brothers, John Balmain, David Dougal Williams FRSA and George Stanley, and a sister, Margaret Mary Ann Williams. Aeneas was baptized at St. Peter's Church, Liverpool, on 20 July 1886.^[4] During Aeneas's formative years, he was educated privately. From 1900 to 1906, Aeneas attended the Technical Institute and Student Teacher Centre in Walthamstow, and from 1906 to 1908, he attended the University of Edinburgh and Moray House Training College. In 1932 Aeneas returned to Edinburgh, where he studied at the University of Edinburgh New College for a further two years.^[5]

Aeneas's father, John Francon Williams, born in 1854 in the village of Llanllechid in Caernarvonshire, North Wales, was a published writer, newspaper editor, geographer, inventor, historian and cartographer.^[6][7][8] Aeneas's mother, Barbara, was born in Perthshire, Scotland. By 1901, the Williams family was living at Queens Grove Road in the affluent area of Chingford, Essex, where, on the 1901 England and Wales Census, Aeneas aged 15, is recorded as being an artist and painter.^[9]

Missionary work

Kalimpong

At the age of twenty-four, Aeneas Williams attended the 1910 World Missionary Conference hosted at the Assembly Hall in Edinburgh from 14 to 23 June. The conference is a marker for the beginning of the modern Protestant Christian ecumenical movement. The Church of Scotland missionary John Anderson Graham appeared at the conference both as a guest speaker and as a member of the audience. He was also there to encourage donations to aid his mission St Andrew's Colonial Home in Kalimpong, West Bengal. The Protestant Christian Missionary community slogan drove the conference's spirit: 'The Evangelization of the World in this Generation.' Whether Aeneas attended one meeting, or several is undocumented, but during the event he got his calling to become a missionary. Later that same year, Aeneas arrived in India and was stationed in Kalimpong at St Andrew's Colonial Home (later renamed Dr. Graham's Homes) – an orphanage/school – where he was the assistant schoolmaster and taught Mathematics,^[10] Geography and Science.^[11][12] As the school expanded, Williams took on the role of Bursar. His official residence was Wolseley House in the grounds of the school.^[13] The house was named after Sir Capel Charles Wolseley, 9th Baronet, who was the secretary of the fund-raising delegation London Committee–a committee formed to solicit funds for Indian missions. The committee funded the building of St. George's Homes in Pulney Hills, Kodaikanal, founded by Rev. John Breeden in 1914, which was based upon St Andrew's Colonial Homes, hence the connection. Breeden and Wolseley visited St. Andrew's Colonial Homes to draw up plans for St. George's Homes.^[14] Aeneas quickly settled into his life at St. Andrew's as a missionary and took on several other roles, including financial adviser to Dr. John Anderson Graham, and as a fundraiser for the children's home.^[15] Kalimpong was the centre of missionary activity in the region, with Darjeeling steadfastly remaining the political powerhouse. In Darjeeling, missionaries played a supporting role to the official political figures and aristocracy that governed the region. In Kalimpong that reversed, missionaries reigned supreme.^[16]

On 2 December 1914, Aeneas and Clara Anne Rendall were married at Macfarlane Memorial Church in Kalimpong by Rev. Evan Mackenzie.^[17] Dr. John Anderson Graham officiated as best man and a witness at the ceremony.^[18] Clara (a true Orcadian)^[19][20] was born on 24 July 1887 in Kirkwall^[21] on the Orkney Islands and was also a Church of Scotland missionary and taught French^[10] at St. Andrew's Colonial school.^[22]

Aeneas Francon Williams (right) on the steps of his residence Wolseley House at St Andrew's Colonial Home, Kalimpong, 1914. St Andrew's Colonial School is on the hill in the background of the picture.

Aeneas was a keen sportsman and footballer and played outside forward (left-wing) in the Grahams' home football team.^[23] On 7 October 1916, Clara gave birth to twins, Alfred Francon and Beatrice Clara. Rev. John Anderson Graham baptized Alfred and Beatrice in Kalimpong on 19 November 1916.^[24] Aeneas and his growing family remained at St Andrew's Colonial Home until 1924. Williams’ first book, A Pronouncement of the Public Conscience, was published in 1921. At the beginning of January 1921, Aeneas, his wife, and their two young offspring (aged 4) sailed from Calcutta on board the (Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company Line) SS Soudan^[25] en route to the UK. The family arrived in the Port of London on 18 January from where they travelled up to Scotland. It was the first time the two young children Alfred and Beatrice, had visited Britain. During the trip, Aeneas undertook a short fundraising tour in aid of St Andrew's Colonial Home in Kalimpong, during which he gave lantern shows with spoken commentary. His shows were performed on variety bills and in Church Halls. The photographic slides were projected upon a large screen and depicted life at St Andrew's Colonial Home, views of the Eastern Himalayas, and his experience as a missionary in India. One of Williams’ presentations was given at a variety concert at Elie in Fife held on 23 September at which Major-General Sir George Kenneth Scott-Moncrieff introduced the acts.^[26] Williams shared the bill with various vocal and instrumental performers, as well as a young dancer.

Aeneas Francon Williams was elected a Fellow of The Royal Scottish Geographical Society (FRSGS) in 1921.^[27][28]

The Williams family returned to Kalimpong from the U.K. in early 1922. In late March/early April 1922, St Andrew's Colonial Home played host to the first Mount Everest expedition. There had been a reconnaissance expedition the previous year, but the 1922 expedition was the first attempt to conquer the summit. The main team members were General Charles Granville Bruce, Edward Lisle Strutt, George Mallory, George Ingle Finch, Edward Felix Norton, Henry Treise Morshead, Howard Somervell, Arthur Wakefield, and the photographer and movie maker John Noel. Making up the rest of the team was a large group of Tibetan and Nepalese Sherpa's and porters who tendered the pace of donkey's laden with food and equipment. The party arrived by steam train at Kalimpong Road Station from where they trekked the short distance up the hillside to St Andrew's Colonial Home for three days relaxation. There was much excitement among the staff and children at St Andrew's, with football games, golf, and group evening sing-alongs taking place in the main school hall, with members of the expedition partaking in the activities. Aeneas, his wife Clara, and their two 6-year-old children were at the centre of the hospitality, with Wolseley House (among other houses in the school compound) providing temporary accommodation for the lead mountaineers.^[29] At the end of their stay, the expedition headed off to Phari Dzong and further on to Kampa Dzong, which they reached on 11 April. They arrived at Rongbuk Glacier base camp on 1 May. Alas, the expedition's attempt to ascent Everest turned out to be unsuccessful. John Noel produced a movie of the expedition titled Climbing Mount Everest (1922).^[30] The film shows the team arriving on a steam train at Kalimpong Road Station and at St. Andrew's Colonial Home, although footage taken inside the school compound is not included in the movie. The 1922 expedition did establish a new world record climbing height of 8,326 metres (27,320 ft). The team's next attempt to conquer Everest took place in 1924. It was during this expedition that George Mallory and his companion Andrew Irvine made an attempt to reach the summit together but, at some point, died in a fall. However, until this day, it is still unsure whether or not the pair did reach the summit. Mallory's body was only retrieved in 1999; Irvine's body has never been found.

In 1923, Sheldon Press published Aeneas Williams’ instructional hardback, Everyone's Book of the Weather.^[31][32] ‘A pleasant and instructive little book,’ said the Sheffield Daily Telegraph in their review of it.^[33] The Scotsman found it, ‘a readable, instructive, and usefully illustrated manual.’^[34] Williams wrote the book in Kalimpong during his time working at St Andrew's Colonial Home. In the preface, he explains his reasons for writing it, and by doing so hopes the book will reach a wider readership than a book about weather might ordinarily do; ‘In these days of wireless reports, meteorological charts and forecasts, journeys by aeroplane or airship, scientific farming and plantation work and the like, interest in the weather is becoming more and more widespread, and a knowledge of atmospheric phenomena is useful as well as fascinating. The object of the present work is to present the facts of meteorology to the general reader in a popular form, and to show how observers equipped with quite simple instruments can find pleasure as well as profit in the study of weather conditions.’ ^[35] Two years later, Macmillan Publishers published Surveying for Everyone, another of Williams’ instructional hardbacks aimed at scholars.^[36][37]

Yichang, China

Dusk on the Yangtze River

On 5 February 1924, Aeneas and Clara, with their two young children (aged seven), sailed from Calcutta aboard SS Hosang (Indo-China Steam Navigation Company) to Shanghai, China. Upon their arrival, they then caught a steamer and sailed 1,000 miles up the Yangtze River^[38] to the Church of Scotland (Training Institution) in Yichang (then romanized as "Ichang").^[39] Here, Aeneas was Principal at the Anglo-Chinese College Mission in Yichang from 1924 to 1927.^[40][41][42] Alfred and Beatrice attended the private Redcroft School in the resort of Guling, where they boarded during the school terms. Aeneas and Clara immediately took Chinese language lessons, and both became fluent in Mandarin. The port of Yichang was one of four ports open to foreign trade, and the highest reached by steamers. The city of Yichang was situated right in the center of China, on a low promontory on the North bank of the Yangtze River. It was a prefectural city of considerable importance in the province of Hubei, and conveniently situated as a mart for the tea trade of Hoh-fung-chow. Opium was also grown in the district, as was the tung tree, from which tung oil is extracted. ‘The China Inland Mission possessed a number of unique features which set it apart from established missionary societies and gave it an intensity and, perhaps, a glamour, which other more conventional organisations must have envied.’^[43] During his stay in China, Aeneas wrote the poem Voice of an Oracle (in Old China).^[44] In December 1926, Aeneas received a worrying letter from the Church of Scotland offices in Edinburgh talking of anxious happenings in Hankou and the possibility of a General Strike in China.^[45] In the House of Commons, the Foreign Secretary Austen Chamberlain intimated that the British Government was talking of taking immediate steps to protect U.K. nationals stationed in China. The letter also mentioned that alternative arrangements had been made for the Williams' two 10-year-old children, Alfred and Beatrice. Soon after, Clara and her two children departed from China for their safety and sailed to the U.K.^[46]

Warlords governed the Northern provinces of China. In a bid to get rid of them, The Northern Expedition, led by Chiang Kai-shek—commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army, was launched on July 1, 1926. They aimed to crush the Manchurian warlords to reunify the republic. In early-1927, during the Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek met with Aeneas Francon Williams at the Training Institution at Yichang (where Williams was Principal) and held a meeting at which Aeneas brokered a deal agreeing that NRA troops passing through the district would be "allowed to use hostels, kitchens, etc."^[47] at the Institution. The following year, the National Revolutionary Army achieved their campaign, and Chiang Kai-shek became the ruler of China.

When Clara and her two children arrived back in the U.K., they travelled to Edinburgh, where they temporarily resided with Clara's brother in Leith. Due to the political instability in China and the uncertainty of whether Clara and her children could return, the two children attended school in Edinburgh, Alfred at George Watson's Boys’ College, Edinburgh, and Beatrice at George Watson's Ladies’ College, Edinburgh. Their first term commenced on 11 March 1927, and both children would continue their studies at the College until 26 July 1934.^[48] Also, in March 1927, due to growing civil unrest in Yichang and localised uprisings in the surrounding province, Aeneas was advised by the British Consulate to leave China for his own safety. Aeneas departed Shanghai on 4 April 1927 just before the Shanghai massacre occurred on 12 April 1927.^[49] From Shanghai, Aeneas sailed to British Columbia on missionary work, and then to Vancouver. In late April 1927, Aeneas sailed from the Port of Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, on board the SS Montclare (Canadian Pacific Line). The ship arrived in Liverpool, England, on 1 May, from where he journeyed to Edinburgh to be reunited with his wife and two children who were now staying at 22 Queen Street, Edinburgh.^[50]

The Ballroom at 22 Queen Street, Edinburgh

In October 1927, while in the U.K., Aeneas was invited to attend the annual Church of Scotland Young Men's Guild Conference held in Kirkcaldy, Fife, over the weekend commencing Friday 21 October. The main objectives of the conference were to revive interest in the work of the Guild, and to demonstrate anew the value and usefulness of such an organization as auxiliary of Church life. Two halls were booked for the occasion, the Beveridge and Adam Smith Halls. On Friday evening, Aeneas gave a missionary address at the Beveridge Hall about his work in Kalimpong and Yichang.^[51] It was at the 1888 meeting of the Guild held in the town of Kirkcaldy that Dr. John Anderson Graham made the momentous decision and choice to establish a charitable school for destitute children in India, and was thus ordained as the first missionary supported by the Guild.^[52] It was with high regard that Aeneas had been invited to represent the now thriving St. Andrew's Colonial School and Homes in Kalimpong upon which honors from the Indian and British Governments’ had since poured. The Central Committee of Management of the Guild, headed by the chairman Rev. T.B. Stewart Thomson, had compiled an interesting program of events throughout the weekend. The conference opened with a civic reception by the Provost and Magistrates at the Beveridge Hall on the Friday, followed by a welcoming tea, after which Aeneas gave his missionary address at Beveridge Hall. The conference concluded on Sunday evening with a public meeting at the Adam Smith Hall with guest speakers the Right Hon. William Murdoch Adamson M.P. and the Very Rev Dr. John White DD LLD, ex-Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.

Mahakalguri, West Bengal

In late 1927, Aeneas and Clara returned to India, and were stationed at Mahakalguri, Eastern Dooars (Duars). Here Aeneas took on the role of missionary Pastor. Their two children Alfred and Beatrice, remained in Edinburgh to continue their studies at George Watson's College. The Church of Scotland ran a children's home in the little country village of Duddingston, near Edinburgh, which was founded specifically for children of foreign missionaries, whose parents were unable to take their children abroad with them. The home was called Home House and run by Miss Paterson (a Deaconess of the Church of Scotland) and her sister Minnie. The two sisters were referred to as ‘Aunty’ by the children.^[53] The house in Old Church Lane had a large rear garden and was close enough to Edinburgh for the children to attend school there, yet surrounded by the bracing fresh air of the open countryside.^[54] It was at Home House that Alfred and Beatrice boarded during part of their education at George Watson's College. Alfred later boarded with the Headmaster of George Watson's Boys' College George Robertson and his wife at their family home.^[55][56]

The former Home House, Old Church Lane, Duddingston, Edinburgh

In Jalpaiguri, on 16 January 1928, Aeneas and his wife, Clara, were appointed non-official visitors of the Alipur Duar Dub-Jail in the district of Jalpaiguri for a period of two years by the Commissioner of the Rajshahi Division.^[57] Also in 1928, Aeneas was licensed by the Presbytery of Eastern Himalaya. In November of that same year he took his holy orders and was ordained by the Presbytery at Siliguri in North Bengal. The Presbytery of Edinburgh admitted Williams to the Church of Scotland on 28 May 1932.

Matelli, West Bengal

In 1929, Aeneas was stationed at the Church of Scotland Guild Mission in Matelli in the Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal, where he was the Minister of the Jalpaiguri Parish. At the Mission compound in Matelli, Aeneas and Clara resided at the Manse. Through its schools – St. Ninian's 'Middle' school, St. Margaret's 'High' school, and its boys and girls Day Schools in Calcutta, a boys school in Chinsura, and the Abbey School, and various primary schools in Budge Budge, and its College – the Church of Scotland Mission offered Christian education from the kindergarten to the University stage.

In 1930, Hymn Book in Jalpaiguri Mech by Aeneas Francon Williams was published. The book was intended for the use of Christians of the Mech Tribes living at the foot of the Himalayas in the Jalpaiguri district. It was the first Hymn Book to be published in this regional dialect of Hindi.^[58] While Aeneas was living in Matelli, he owned a Cinchona (quinine) plantation.

On 7 March 1930, Clara, being the only female along with two Babu's, was appointed under the provisions of rule 63(2), Chapter IV of the Bengal Jail Code, as a non-official visitor of the Alipur Duar Suli Jail in the Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal for two years.^[59] The appointment of the three non-official visitors was to help rehabilitate the inmates by helping to change the offender's values, motivations, and attitudes, so that they could become contributing members of society upon their release. The non-official visitors would visit the jail periodically and attend to the inmates' requests about their care and welfare. At the end of their visits, they would enter any observations about their time at the jail in the visitor's book.^[60] Clara had been a non-official visitor for the previous two years at the Alipur Duar Dub-Jail in the district of Jalpaiguri.

In 1932, Williams visited Scotland, during which he supported as many church events and meetings as he could comfortably fit into his schedule. In late-September, Williams showed his support for the ‘Forward Movement’ campaign launched by West Lothian Churches. At the campaign, he gave a powerful speech detailing his all-absorbing work in India as a missionary.^[61] On 3 October, Williams attended the Young Men's Guild of the Linlithgow and Falkirk Council. He addressed the large attendance with more stories of his work and adventures as a missionary in North Bengal. ‘Mr. Williams’ address brought out in a wonderful way the romance of the mission fields, and the speaker dealt in a most interesting manner with his own particular work among the depressed races in the Eastern Duars.’^[62] In 1934, Aeneas and Clara's son Alfred aged eighteen, enrolled at the University of Edinburgh, where he studied medicine for the next six years.

In the summer of 1937, Aeneas and Clara, accompanied by their two offspring, Alfred (a medical student) and Beatrice (a nurse), sailed from Dooars, India, to America where they arrived in New York City on 16 August 1937 aboard SS Caledonia II.^[63][64]

Williams’ first volume of poems Dream Drift, by a Young Lover, was published in 1938. The book was dedicated to his wife, Clara. The suggestion of a protestant minister being perceived as a ‘young lover’ was a bold move on Williams and the publisher's part. It was certainly uncommon for a minister to reveal a poetic side that included talk of lovemaking. The Dundee Courier, in their appraisal of the work, noted that, ‘Mr. Williams' poems reveal their author in many moods, as a nature lover, sportsman, and lover. Only an angler could have written his poems on Fishing and Wound Up. There is a whimsical, almost ‘Barriesque’ (James M. Barrie) touch about some of his nature poems, which is infinitely attractive.’^[65] ‘Mr. Francon Williams looks through a poet's window and can tell what he sees, as a poet tells, and as those to whom he speaks can understand. Life, in life's vocabulary, lit by a poet's candle, is what he tells to us; and in odd hours of quiet, he is worth listening to.’ The Very Rev. Lauchlan Maclean Watt, DD LLD.^[66]

Musicians

There are conductors pale who stand
tiptoe before the band
and all the instrumentalists are dumb
until the white-hot baton
and the thumb of the magician
makes cryptic potion
And with the motion
there comes the strange effusion
of dreamy cadence
like incense smoke
that winds and sways
all ways

–Aeneas Francon Williams, 1938, Dream Drift, by a Young Lover (extract from Musicians)^[67][68]

Aeneas would find small nuggets of inspiration obscured in the noise of life. In his poem, To A Dead Bird, Williams immortalizes a solitary dead bulbul, an Indian nightingale he found lying near a bush in the Manse in Bengal where he lived. He explains, 'I put it in my pocket-handkerchief, and with a little burial service, I laid it to rest in our consecrated burial ground opposite Manse Gate.^[69]

To A Dead Bird

You lay so limp and weightless in my hand
that I could scarce believe you were of earth
and not an airy being having birth
in some aloof, imponderable land
I knew the fervour of your evening song
and felt the rapture of your vibrances
the lilting pleasure of new cadences
that tripped the leafy forest trees along

–Aeneas Francon Williams, Let Poets Sing 1945 (extract from To A Dead Bird)

On 13 May 1942, Aeneas and Clara's daughter Beatrice married Dr. Stephen Ian Pugh of Builth Wells, Breconshire, Wales.^[70] The couple later emigrated to Tasmania, where they lived their entire lives in Launceston.

In 1945, Aeneas and Clara spent a summer vacation at Kodaikanal, a resort in the Cardamom Hills (Yela Mala), a mountain range in South India, where their son Alfred joined them. Alfred was now a Captain in the (Royal Army Medical Corps) attached to the 5th Royal Gurkha Rifles as part of the 7th Infantry Division stationed in Burma, which came under the command of Lieutenant General Sir William Slim.^[71] While Aeneas was in the Cardamom Hills he wrote his poem Flowers.^[72]

On 1 January 1946, in the New Year Indian Honours List, Clara (Mrs. Francon Williams) was awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal (Emperor of India) Bronze Medal for her work during WWII being in-charge of Red Cross work in Dooars, Bengal.^[73]

In 1947, when India was granted Independence, Clara returned to Scotland to set up a home in Edinburgh. Aeneas remained in India at the Mission during the handover. After the inauguration of Indian Independence on 15 August 1947, Aeneas wrote 'Report 1947, The Work of the Church of Scotland Mission in Bengal During a Momentous Year', documenting what he saw and encountered in India during and after the handover. Much rejoicing took place in all the Mission institutions. The new Constitution (not yet fully adopted) guaranteed freedom 'to profess, practice and propagate' any religion. When pupils were asked, now that India was free would they rather there was no teaching about Christianity in school, the answer was always the same, that it was because of such education that they wished to study at the Mission. The Mission had since Independence Day been besieged with new applications for admission. However, Aeneas noted the College was experiencing a communal 'low' in staffing levels, with the shortage of Christian professors becoming an 'anxiety.' The Mission staffing levels had also fallen (to eight women and four men), and the Foreign Mission Committee was doing everything in its power to find recruits. Looking ahead, Aeneas spoke of a 'partnership,' a 'Home Mission,' uniting the Mission of the Church of Scotland in India with the Church in India. In his Report 1947, Aeneas stated: The Indian Church is now alive to her missionary responsibilities in this land and is heartily in favor of the new proposals, but the task is out of all proportion to her present resources, and it is only if the Church of Scotland continues her support in personnel and in finances that it can be accomplished. For the Church as for the nation, it may be that a new day is dawning.^[74]

In 1948 after the handover, Aeneas sold his Cinchona plantation and other personal property and returned to the U.K. to join his wife in Edinburgh, where they resided at 46 Belgrave Road. When Aeneas and Clara returned to Edinburgh for good they brought with them their pet chimpanzee named ‘Glyris,’ which lived with them at their home at Belgrave Road.

Aeneas and Clara's son Alfred married Jane Warhurst (née Smith) on 29 March 1950 at St. Aidan's Church, Sheffield, Yorkshire.^[75] Jane is a second cousin once removed of the author David Herbert Lawrence through her mother Lillian Rex, whose sister Ada (née Rex), married George Beardsall related to Lawrence's mother Lydia Beardsall.

Later life

Aeneas and Clara were both polyglots; Aeneas spoke eight languages fluently, including Hindi and Mandarin. In Edinburgh, Aeneas was Chaplain of Edinburgh Social Services Department from 1952 and was affiliated with several churches, including the former Stockbridge Free Church and St. Giles Cathedral. He was assistant Chaplain of HMP Edinburgh (Saughton) from 1948 to 1954. As a youngster, Aeneas grew up in a literary household (his father John Francon Williams was a newspaper and journal editor and a published writer of many books). As such, Aeneas was encouraged by his father to pursue writing. Throughout Aeneas's life, he had many books published in various fields of knowledge and was also a published poet. In 1942, upon the death of Dr. John Anderson Graham, Aeneas was commissioned by Oxford University Press to write Dr. Graham's biography for inclusion in their Dictionary of National Biography.

Clara Anne Williams died in Edinburgh on 25 January 1959 and is buried at Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh.

After Clara passed away, Aeneas sold their house at Belgrave Road and spent time travelling the world, circumnavigating it several times. There is evidence contained in correspondence between Aeneas and the London publishing house MacMillan & Co. Ltd. that he wrote two books during these travels. His regular visits to Australia and New Zealand, and especially Tasmania – where his daughter Beatrice lived in Launceston with her husband, Dr. Stephen Pugh, and their daughter Andrea^[76] – appear to have sparked his imagination. Original correspondence from Aeneas to MacMillan held at The Museum of English Rural Life and Special Collections at the University of Reading mentions two new manuscripts he had written relating to his travels that he'd submitted to the publishing house. Whether MacMillan or another company published these books is unclear from the letters, as the books identify with Australasia and may only have been published in that territory, or remained unpublished. The two books in question are Tasmanian Apples and Kiwiland. The later work is possibly associated with the flightless Kiwi bird, which Aeneas had grown particularly fond of during his visits to New Zealand. ‘I fed these interesting flightless birds in Wellington Zoo,’ Aeneas writes keenly to MacMillan. He also fed the tuatara, courtesy of his friend ‘the Superintendent Mr. Curtis,’ who told him where he could see the ‘pre-historic little tuatara, the only true Saurian left on this earth, whose ancestors were at least 3,000,000 years on this planet, long before we were.’^[77] Aeneas also mentions to his publisher that his friend Henry Kelly of the New Zealand Wildlife Department was arranging ‘to send us a live Kiwi, the first Kiwi to be in Scotland.’^[78] After returning from his travels abroad, Aeneas moved into 10 Carlton Street, Stockbridge, Edinburgh,^[79] where he lived until his early-80s, before moving to Sheffield, Yorkshire, to live with his son Alfred.

Clara Anne Rendall and Aeneas Francon Williams' gravestone at Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh

Aeneas died in Nether Edge Hospital, Sheffield on 9 December 1971 and is buried with his wife Clara in Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh.

Aeneas Francon Williams is the brother of artist David Dougal Williams and the grandfather of writer Iain Cameron Williams.^[80][81]

On July 2, 1930, Aeneas's American niece Jane Williams married American Edward Burton Hughes.^[82] In 1967, Governor Nelson Rockefeller appointed Edward Burton Hughes as Executive Deputy Commissioner of New York State Department of Transportation. In 1970, Edward Burton Hughes founded the E. Burton Hughes Achievement Award given annually to an outstanding Department employee of the New York State Department of Transportation.^[83]

In April 1995, an early 1920s picture of Aeneas teaching geography in his classroom at St Andrew's Colonial Homes (later renamed Dr. Graham's Homes) in Kalimpong appeared in episode 6, Children of Empire, in the 1995 BBC TWO 6-part documentary series Ruling Passions. ^[84] The episode focuses on the Anglo Indian community in India. It features footage and pictures from Dr. Graham's school in Kalimpong. The image of Aeneas can be seen from 5:42 to 5:55.^[85]

On 9 December 2021, Aeneas Francon Williams was remembered in Ireland at the Praying in Advent^[86] (during the four-week period leading up to Christmas). Prayers were offered by the Irish Anglican priest Revd. Canon Patrick Comerford. The occasion marked the 50-year anniversary of Williams's death.

Awards

Everyone's Book of the Weather, 1923

Dream Drift (book of poetry), 1938

Let Poets Sing, 1961

• The Kaisar-i-Hind Medal, public award, was awarded to Clara Anne Williams (Mrs. Francon Williams), in 1946 by the Viceroy of India Louis Mountbatten for her distinguished service in the advancement of the interests of the British Raj.^[87]

Published works

• A Pronouncement of the Public Conscience. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co. 1921. OCLC 500207057.
• Everyone's Book of the Weather. The Sheldon press; The Macmillan Co. 1923. OCLC 3856011.
• Surveying for Everyone. The Sheldon press; The Macmillan Co. 1925. OCLC 4835735.
• Four Little Dears. India (Mech Mission Pamphlet): Church of Scotland. 1930.
• Hymn Book in Jalpaiguri Mech. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co. 1930.
• Primer of the Mech Language Jalpaiguri. Calcutta: Macmillan & Co. 1931.
• A Mech Hymn Book. Calcutta: publ. in Calcutta. 1932.
• A Mech Catechism. Calcutta: publ. in Calcutta. 1933.
• Primer for Schools in Jalpaiguri. Calcutta: publ. in Calcutta. 1934.
• Dream Drift: A Selection of Poetry by a Young Lover. London: Stockwell. 1938. OCLC 315301004.
• Eastern Himalaya. Edinburgh: Church of ScotlandPublications. 1945.^[88]
• Report 1947: The Work of the Church of Scotland Mission in Bengal During A Momentous Year (1947). Edinburgh: Church of Scotland. 1947. Pamphlet BV3280.B4.Chu.
• A Companion In Meditation (with a foreword by The Very Rev, Charles Laing Warr, KCVO DD LLD, Dean of the Thistle and Dean of the Chapel Royal, Minister of St. Giles Cathedral. Edinburgh: Edinburgh. 1950. OCLC 315301001.
• Dictionary Of National Biography 1941-1950 (biography of Dr. John Anderson Graham p.312-313). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1959. OCLC 650382455.
• Let Poets Sing: Poetry in The Heart Makes Music in The Soul (with a Foreword by John Stuart Anderson FRS FAA). London: Stockwell. 1961. OCLC 30244747.
• Kalidasa and Shakespeare by A. Francon Williams, Poetry Review, 1943:^[89]
• "Poetry Doesn't Sell". The Poetry Review (34). New York: Poetry Society of America: 137–138. 1943. OCLC 10033900. In response to Lowy, A.E. (1943). "Poetry Doesn't Sell". The Poetry Review (34). New York: Poetry Society of America: 64. OCLC 10033900.

Unpublished works

• Tasmanian Apples by A. Francon Williams, 1960, with a preface by Tasmania's Agent General in London Hon. A.J. White. (In 1961, Williams submitted the manuscript to the publishing house Macmillan and Co., St. Martin's Street, London WC2.)^[90]
• Kiwiland by A. Francon Williams, 1961, with a preface by Sir Compton Mackenzie. (In 1961, Williams submitted the manuscript to the publishing house Macmillan and Co., St. Martin's Street, London WC2). The work includes an extract from The Road to the Isles, (the famous Scottish traditional song), which Sir Compton Mackenzie helped Aeneas get permission to use within the book.^[90]

Archives

• The University of Texas, Austin - Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center – Compton Mackenzie archive: index Compton Mackenzie: An Inventory of his Papers at the Harry. Incl. correspondence from Aeneas Francon Williams: ref. Williams, Aeneas Francon, 1886 - 154.5.
• Aeneas Francon Williams Family Collection

See also

• List of University of Edinburgh people

References

1. "Family Group Sheet for Aeneas Francon WILLIAMS / Clara Ann RENDALL (F286637) : Shetland Family History". bayanne.info. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
2. See page 754 of Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae 1928, Overseas Presbyteries for his biography
3. "SCOTTISH MISSIONARY ARCHIVES Part 6: Free Church of Scotland Missionary Record, United Free Church Reports and other records". ampltd.co.uk. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
4. http://www.ancestry.com – Liverpool F.C., Lancashire, England, Baptisms 1813–1906 – Aeneas Francon Williams, son of John and Barbara Williams, St. Peter's Church, Liverpool F.C., 20 July 1886.
5. Overseas Presbyteries, Church of Scotland, page 754–Aeneas Francon Williams: Quote from Williams’ biography in the book: ‘Educated privately, and at Technical Institute and Student Teacher Centre, Walthamstow 1900-1906, University of Edinburgh and Moray House Training College 1906-1908 and New College 1932-1933.’
6. John Francon Williams World Catalogue:http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=John+Francon+Williams&qt=results_page
7. John Francon Williams, (inventions) reference BT 51/4/5500, registered design No 5500, 1884 April 21, and, registered design reference BT 51/4/5499, 1884 April 21, The National Archives, Kew
8. A Class-Book of Modern Geography by J. Francon Williams- British Library images of the book: https://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/11289251615/in/photolist-icAnce-hUKTqn-hUTWda-hUGQky-hUNJEx/
9. 1901 England and Wales Census – Aeneas Francon Williams – aged 15 – artist, painter: Census
10. Seven-page document dated 4 April 1968 handwritten by Aeneas for his grandson Iain Cameron outlining the Williams ancestry page 1
11. Dr. Graham's Kalimpong Homes – National Library of Scotland Blog with original photographs from Kalimpong during the early 1900s: http://blog.nls.uk/dr-grahams-kalimpong-homes/
12. Marriage Certificate for Aeneas Francon Williams and Clara Anne Rendall, 2 December 1914: Findmypast.co.uk–Williams rank of profession is registered as ‘Assistant School Master.’
13. Correspondence from Aeneas Francon Williams addressed from Wolseley House is stored in the Dr. Graham Kalimpong Archive held at the National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh
14. Hindu Times, 1 March 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2012. St. George's Homes, which opened its doors in May 1914 after planning and fund-raising efforts that John Breeden had started in 1910, is now called the Laidlaw Memorial School and Junior College: Persistence Pays
15. St Andrew's Colonial Home – School and Mission houses (pictures) (c. 1922) from An Indian Pilgrimage – Travel Notes of a Visit to the Indian Fields of the Church of Scotland by The Very Rev. J.N. Ogilvie, public. William Blackwood & Sons (Edinburgh)1922, p. 134: Travel Notes
16. Their Footprints Remain: Biomedical Beginnings Across the Indo-Tibetan Frontier by Alex McKay, publ. Amsterdam University Press 2007, ISBN 978-9053565186, chapter 1: Missionary Medicine and the Rise of Kalimpong: p. 69
17. The Times of India, 22 December 1914, page 5 – marriage announcement – Williams-Rendall
18. Marriage Certificate for Aeneas Francon Williams and Clara Anne Rendall, 2 December 1914: Findmypast.co.uk
19. Clara Anne Rendall family tree (retrieved 9 July 2018) North Isles Family History:https://www.bayanne.info/Shetland/familychart.php?familyID=F286607&tree=ID1
20. A photograph of Clara's Uncle William Kent (her mothers brother) can be seen on the Orkney Image Library (retrieved 9 July 2018):http://photos.orkneycommunities.co.uk/picture/number22637.asp
21. Clara Anne Rendall Born 24 July 1887, Kirkwall (retrieved 9 July 2018) North Isles Family History:https://www.bayanne.info/Shetland/getperson.php?personID=I390218&tree=ID1
22. An excerpt from Chapter 3 of, Race, Tea and Colonial Resettlement: Imperial Families, Interrupted, by Jane McCabe, ISBN 9781474299503, Bloomsbury Academic, shows a photograph taken in 1916 of John Anderson Graham, with staff and pupils, in Kalimpong, in which (5th on the left) on the front row of seated adults is Aeneas Francon Williams. He is sitting in front of John Anderson Graham. Williams is wearing his white French tropical hat. On the same front row (2nd on the left) is Clara Williams wearing a black hat. Her baby bump is not yet apparent. https://www.bloomsburycollections.com/book/race-tea-and-colonial-resettlement-imperial-families-interrupted/ch3-st-andrew-s-colonial-homes
23. National Library of Scotland, Inventory Acc. 6039, Kalimpong Papers, Dr. J.A. Graham D.D.C.I.E. Archive-Box 6: Diaries 1912–20, 1922–23 – Dr. Graham's 1915 diary mentions Williams playing in the Graham's homes football team in outside forward (left wing) position
24. Copy of the original Baptism Certificate for Alfred Francon and Beatrice Clara Williams, 19 November 1916: Findmypast.co.uk
25. Incoming Passenger List: SS Soudan, port of arrival London, 18 January 1921: passengers A. Francon Williams (schoolmaster), Clara A Williams, Alfred F. and Beatrice C.
26. Dundee Courier, 24 September 1921, p.3 – Variety Concert at Elie (review) – A variety concert gave a successful entertainment in the Parish Church Hall Elie in aid of the St Andrew's Colonial Home, Kalimpong.
27. The Royal Scottish Geographical Society, Diploma of Fellowship (FRSGS) register, 1921, Dr. A. Francon Williams, British Bhutan (retrieved 10 October 2017): https://archive.today/20070815074954/http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/rsgs/awards/DipFello.htm
28. The Scottish Geographical Magazine, Vol. XXXVIII, 1922, publ. T & A Constable Ltd., page 68-69 – Report of Council (37th Session) 1920–21, Fellows and Honorary Members: ‘The Diploma of Fellowship was granted during the session to A. Francon Williams, British Bhutan.’ : report
29. National Library of Scotland, Level 15 Special Archives, Kalimpong Papers: Files ACC 6039, Box 15 (1) ‘Everest Climbers’ 1922, pages 37–40, documents the 1922 British Mount Everest expedition visit to St Andrew's Colonial Home (within the hand-typed biography of St Andrew's Colonial Home). Mr Williams' enthusiasm is mentioned in the account. :https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/19dd2070-a22d-389b-91c8-a144960371bc
30. Climbing Mount Everest (1922) – Directed by John Noel – housed at the British Film Institute: https://player.bfi.org.uk/free/film/watch-climbing-mt-everest-1922-online
31. Everyone's Book of the Weather by A. Francon Williams; review in Popular Science Magazine, USA. April 1924, page 65 – review
32. Walker, Gilbert T. (July 1924). "Everyone's Book of The Weather. By A. Francon Williams. London (The Sheldon Press), 1923. 16°. Pp. 117. 2s. 6d. net". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 50 (211): 275. Bibcode:1924QJRMS..50..275W. doi:10.1002/qj.49705021136.
33. Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 29 November 1923, p. 5 – Books of the Day (review) The Weather – 'Everyone's Book of the Weather' by A. Francon Williams
34. The Scotsman, 21 January 1924, p. 2 – Minor Notices (column) New books published
35. Everyone's Book of the Weather by A. Francon Williams, publ. 1923, Sheldon Press, Preface: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.268344
36. The Times, 13 August 1926, p. 15 – Sheldon Press advertisement for Surveying For Everyone by A. Francon Williams
37. Surveying for Everyone by A. Francon Williams; review in Popular Science Magazine, USA, March 1926, page 136:review
38. Photograph of the Yangtze River at Yichang, Sichuan, China, in 1927, showing a passenger steamer and other small boats used on the river: International Mission Photography Archive, ca.1860-ca.1960: Yale Divinity Library Special Collections: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15799coll123/id/82992/rec/1
39. National Library of Scotland, Catalogue of MSS. Vol. VI MS. 7611 – Letters from Aeneas Francon Williams missionary in Eastern Himalayas – (1924–27) nos. 75, 84, 105, 117 &118
40. Incoming Passenger List: SS Montclare, port of arrival Liverpool, 1 May 1927: passenger Rev. A. Francon Williams: Aeneas's profession is listed as Principal at the Anglo-Chinese College in Ichang, China. (Retrieved 6 March 2018, FindMyPast)
41. The Church of Scotland established its one mission station at the Yangtse River port of Yichang (Ichang) in the interior province of Hubei in 1878: Reformed Online – China/People's Republic of: http://www.reformiert-online.net/weltweit/27_eng.php
42. Photograph of the Mission Staff, at Yichang, China, ca.1915–1924, just prior to Aeneas Francon Williams taking over as principal of the Mission in 1924: International Mission Photography Archive, ca.1860-ca.1960: Photographs from Scottish Missions, the National Library of Scotland: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15799coll123/id/78861/rec/161
43. Dr. Rosemary Seton, former Archivist, School of Oriental and African Studies: China Inland Mission, 1865–1951 from the School of Oriental and African Studies, London: http://www.ampltd.co.uk/collections_az/CIM-2/highlights.aspx
44. Voice of an Oracle (in Old China) by Aeneas Francon Williams, Let Poets Sing, p. 46-48
45. Letter to Aeneas Francon Williams from the Church of Scotland office in Edinburgh dated 30 November 1926 stored in the Dr. Graham Kalimpong Archive held at the National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh.
46. National Library of Scotland, Catalogue of MSS. Vol. VI MS. 7530 – 8022 Scottish Foreign Mission Research HMSO – Letters to Clara Anne Williams (nee Rendall) wife of Aeneas Francon Williams missionary in Eastern Himalayas – 1926 (7598), 1927 (7599)
47. Seven-page document dated April 4, 1968, handwritten by Aeneas Williams for his grandson Iain Cameron outlining the Williams family ancestry, page 1 ‘Chiang Kai-shek met my grandfather’
48. George Watson's College (Archive): Archivist Fiona Hooper: George Watson's College, Edinburgh (information supplied 2 October 2019)
49. National Library of Scotland, Catalogue of MSS. Vol. VI MS. 7611 – Letters from Aeneas Francon Williams missionary in China – (1927) letters 117 &118
50. Incoming Passenger List: SS Montclare, port of arrival Liverpool, 1 May 1927: passenger Rev. A. Francon Williams
51. Fife Free Press & Kirkcaldy Guardian, Saturday 15 October 1927, page 7 – Church of Scotland Young Men's Guild Conference in Kirkcaldy (1927) report (retrieved 6 March 2018)
52. The Meaning of White: Race, Class, and the 'Domiciled Community' in British India 1858–1930 by Satoshi Mizutani, publ. Oxford University Press (2011), ISBN 9780199697700, pp. 138–146 (St. Andrew's Colonial Homes at Kalimpong: Objectives and historical significance)
53. Alice Maxwell Deaconess by Mrs. Horatio Macrae, published by Hodder & Stoughton, 1920 – pages 180-181
54. Home-House, Old Church Lane, Duddingston – Category B Listed building: http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB29462
55. Seven-page document dated April 4, 1968, handwritten by Aeneas Williams for his grandson Iain Cameron outlining the Williams family ancestry, page 2 Alfred 'made good progress, especially as he was living with Mr and Mrs Robertson'
56. list of George Watson's College Headmasters.
57. The Calcutta Gazette, 26 January 1928, p. 184: A. Francon Williams
58. The One Hundred and First Report of the Calcutta Christian Tract and Book Society (Incorporated) 1930/1931, page 7 & 10:(retrieved document 16 July 2017): The document mentions 2,000 copies of Hymn Book in Jalpaiguri Mech by Aeneas Francon Williams were purchased by the Book Society for distribution: http://images.library.yale.edu/divinitycontent/dayrep/Calcutta%20Christian%20Tract%20and%20Book%20Society%201930-1931%20v101.pdf
59. The Calcultta Gazette, 13 March 1930 page 390, No. 886J: Babu Manish Chandra Roy, Babu Lalit Behari Ghosh, and Mrs. Francon Williams are appointed as non-official visitors of the Alipur Duar Suli Jail: https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.45159/2015.45159.The-Calcutta-Gazette-1930-January---June#page/n873/mode/2up/search/Francon+williams
60. The State Governments framed rules regarding appointments and visits by official and non official visitors in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section 25 of section 59 of the Prisons Act. 1894: http://ncrb.gov.in/StatPublications/PSI/Prison2012/CHAPTER-10.pdf
61. Edinburgh Evening News, Friday 23 September 1932, page 7 – Forward Movement (report) Campaign by West Lothian Churches
62. Linlithgowshire Gazette, Friday 7 October 1932, page 5 – Young Men's Guild (report)
63. http://www.ancestry.com – New York Passenger Lists, 1820–1957 – Aeneas Francon Williams arrived New York on 16 August 1937 aboard SS Caledonia II. Williams, with his wife Clara, son Alfred and daughter Beatrice, sailed from Dooars, India
64. "Passenger List: New York City Passenger and Crew Lists, 1909, 1925–1957," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:24KL-5PD: 2 October 2015), Aeneas Francon Williams, 1937; citing Immigration, New York City, United States, NARA microfilm publication T715 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).
65. Dundee Courier, Thursday 21 July 1938, p.6 – Missionary As Poet (review) Dream Drift, by a Young Lover
66. Quote by The Very Rev. Lauchlan Maclean Watt, DD LLD, taken from the front jacket cover of Dream Drift by a Young Lover – Aeneas Francon Williams, publ. Stockwell Ltd. London (1938)
67. Musicians (extract) page 59,Dream Drift by a Young Lover – Aeneas Francon Williams, publ. Stockwell Ltd. London (1938)
68. The KAHNS of Fifth Avenue^[usurped], Williams Iain, Cameron, iwp, publishing, 17.02.2022, ISBN 978-1916146587, ‘Musicians’ page 686
69. Let Poet's Sing by Aeneas Francon Williams, page 41 – To A Dead Bird.
70. Northern Isles Family History: https://www.bayanne.info/Shetland/getperson.php?personID=I390221&tree=ID1
71. Seven-page document dated April 4, 1968, handwritten by Aeneas Williams for his grandson Iain Cameron outlining the Williams family ancestry, page 2 'attached to General Slim's army in Burma.'
72. Flowers by Aeneas Francon Williams, Let Poets Sing p. 34
73. "Medical News". The Indian Medical Gazette. 80 (12): 629–632. December 1945. PMC 5218119. PMID 29015760.
74. Report 1947: The Work of the Church of Scotland Mission in Bengal During A Momentous Year (1947), pamphlet, published Church of Scotland, 1947 – Centre for the Study of World Christianity Library, University of Edinburgh, Pamphlet – Reference: Pamphlet BV3280. B4. Chu
75. Marriage announcement in The Scotsman newspaper, Thursday 30 March 1950, page 10.
76. Dr. Stephen Ian Pugh & family: North Isles Family History archive: https://www.bayanne.info/Shetland/getperson.php?personID=I390221&tree=ID1
77. Letters: Williams, Aeneas Francon ~ 1960–1961 ~ former ref: Second series: The Museum of English Rural Life and Special Collections at the University of Reading, Redlands Road, Reading, RG1 5EX: https://www.reading.ac.uk/web/files/special-collections/MAC_W.pdf
78. i-Newspaper, 15 June 2018, page 18 – Manuscripts and Kiwis Scarce (Reader's Grandfather helped bring first Kiwi to Scotland) (retrieved 16 June 2018): https://www.pressreader.com/uk/i-newspaper/20180615
79. The Church of Scotland Yearbook 1967, published 1966. Retired Missionaries, p. 102 & p. 510 – A Francon Williams, 10 Carlton Street, Edinburgh 4: A Francon Williams, 10 Carlton Street
80. Iain Cameron Williams: http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4751.Iain_Cameron_Williams
81. Iain Cameron Williams World Catalogue: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51780394
82. E. Burton Hughes and Jane Williams marriage certificate ref: Vol. 9 No. 23682
83. Spotlight Magazine, 27 December 1973, page 16 – The E. Burton Hughes Achievement Award (report)
84. BBC Archive:Ruling Passions - Children of Empire (info)
85. Aeneas teaching geography in his classroom at St Andrew's Colonial Homes, Kalimpong Ruling Passions - Children of Empire (excerpt)
86. Aeneas Francon Williams, Praying in Advent, 2021: https://www.patrickcomerford.com/2021/12/praying-in-advent-2021-12-aeneas.html?m=1 (retrieved 4 January 2022)
87. The Indian Medical Gazette, December 1945, page 630 – Kaisar-i-Hind Medal Bronze Medal (recipients) Mrs. Francon Williams, In-charge of Red Cross Work in Dooars, Bengal (retrieved 8 October 2017)
88. Biographical transcript in the Dictionary of National Biography for John Anderson Graham [1861-1942] mentions Eastern Himalayas by Aeneas Francon Williams as a source document.
89. Poetry Review No. 34, publ. The Poetry Society, London, (1943) pp. 62–63 – a copy is housed at the National Library of Scotland
90. Letters: Williams, Aeneas Francon ~ 1960–1961 ~ former ref: Second series: The Museum of English Rural Life and Special Collections at the University of Reading, Redlands Road, Reading, RG1 5EX: https://www.reading.ac.uk/web/files/special-collections/MAC_W.pdf

Further reading

• "Church of Scotland Missionary Archive". amdigital.co.uk. National Library Edinburgh. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
• Church of Scotland; National Library of Scotland (2004). Church of Scotland missionary archive from the National Library of Scotland. Adam Matthew Publications. OCLC 57484178, 316685147, 702172186.
• Catalogue of MSS. Vol. VI MS. 7611, numbers 75, 84, 105, 117 & 118. National Library of Scotland, Archives at George IV Bridge (upper Floor). Included in one letter is Aeneas's first-hand account of the National Strike uprising (Chinese revolution) and the unrest that was affecting Yichang and surrounding vicinity around the Mission where he was stationed.
• Catalogue of MSS. Vol. VI, MS. 7530 – 8022 Scottish Foreign Mission Research HMSO – – 1926 (7598), 1927 (7599). Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, Archive at George IV Bridge (upper Floor).
• Metcalfe, Alison (3 May 2018). "Dr Graham's Kalimpong Homes". National Library of Scotland Blog – Research, learning and inspiration. Retrieved 28 July 2019. Contains original letters to and from Aeneas Francon Williams and Clara Williams during their life spent as Missionaries in India.
• Mizutani, Satoshi (2011). The Meaning of White: Race, Class, and the 'Domiciled Community' in British India 1858–1930. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 138–146. ISBN 9780191732102. OCLC 775504500. St. Andrew's Colonial Homes at Kalimpong: Objectives and historical significance.
• Norton, E.F. (2015). The Fight For Everest 1924. Sheffield: Vertebrate Publishing. pp. 164–166. ISBN 9781910240397. OCLC 1207442. Has references to the 1922 & 1924 visits to the Dr Graham ‘Homes’ in Kalimpong by the Everest Expeditions, p. 18, 164-166
• Tiedemann, R. G. (2016). Reference guide to Christian missionary societies in China : from the sixteenth to the twentieth century. London: Routledge. p. 147. ISBN 9781315497310. OCLC 957324857. OCLC 957324857, 463298799.
• International Mission Photography Archive (IMPA) USC Digital Library - Kalimpong circa 1860-1960:
• The Kalimpong Kids: The New Zealand story, in pictures, published September 30, 2020, Otago University Press, ISBN 9781988592367
• The Kalimpong Kids Sept. 08, 2017, (retrieved October 20, 2022),^[1]
• The Kalimpong Kids^[2]

External links

• The Royal Geographical Society, London, holds various photographs by the photographer John Noel of the 1922 British Mount Everest expedition
• Ogilvie, The Very Rev. J. N., An Indian Pilgrimage: Travel notes on a visit to the Indian Fields of the Church of Scotland publ. William Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh, 1922 – St Andrew's Colonial Homes, Chapter XIX, page 133-142 – The pilgrimage to India took place between September 1921–March 1922.
• 1922 photograph of St Andrew's Colonial Homes, Kalimpong

• St. Andrew's Colonial Homes became Dr. Graham's Homes in 1947, to honour its founder.

• Aeneas Francon Williams World Catalogue
• Library of Congress, US – Aeneas Francon Williams

1. https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/education/96556036/kalimpong-kids-the-little-known-story-of-a-new-zealand-anglo-indian-community article
2. http://kalimpongkids.org.nz website