2009 Superbike World Championship

2009 Superbike World Championship
Previous: 2008 Next: 2010
Support series:
Supersport World Championship
FIM Superstock 1000 Cup
European Superstock 600 Championship
Series rookie Ben Spies held off veteran Noriyuki Haga to win the title by six points. Spies did not defend his title in 2010, as he replaced James Toseland at the Tech 3 team in MotoGP.

The 2009 Superbike World Championship was the twenty-second season of the Superbike World Championship. It was the second season in which HANNspree had been the title sponsor of the championship.[1] The South African round returned on 15–17 May at Kyalami for first time since the 2002 season that the Superbike World Championship had raced there; other changes in the calendar were the return of Imola after a two-season absence as the replacement for Vallelunga and the discontinuation of Brands Hatch as one of the British venues.[2]

The season saw the revision of the Superpole system, as the single-lap format was replaced by a three-part knockout system: after two timed qualifying sessions, the twenty fastest riders were admitted to Superpole 1, then the first sixteen SP1 riders progressed to Superpole 2 and the first eight SP2 riders contested Superpole 3, which finally awarded the pole position.[3][4] In addition, changing bike during a race (also known as flag-to-flag) was allowed in order to avoid interruptions caused by variable weather conditions.[3][4]

Ben Spies won the championship in his rookie season, bettering Noriyuki Haga in a final round decider. Ducati were the winners of the manufacturers' championship, winning eleven races.

Race calendar and results

Round Country Circuit Date Superpole Fastest lap Winning rider Winning team Report
1 R1  Australia Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit 1 March United States Ben Spies Australia Troy Corser Japan Noriyuki Haga Ducati Xerox Team Report
R2 Japan Noriyuki Haga United States Ben Spies Yamaha WSB
2 R1  Qatar Losail International Circuit 14 March United States Ben Spies Japan Noriyuki Haga United States Ben Spies Yamaha WSB Report
R2 United States Ben Spies United States Ben Spies Yamaha WSB
3 R1  Spain Circuit Ricardo Tormo 5 April United States Ben Spies Japan Noriyuki Haga Japan Noriyuki Haga Ducati Xerox Team Report
R2 Japan Noriyuki Haga Japan Noriyuki Haga Ducati Xerox Team
4 R1  Netherlands TT Circuit Assen 26 April United States Ben Spies United Kingdom Leon Haslam United States Ben Spies Yamaha WSB Report
R2 Japan Noriyuki Haga Japan Noriyuki Haga Ducati Xerox Team
5 R1  Italy Autodromo Nazionale di Monza 10 May United States Ben Spies Italy Michel Fabrizio Italy Michel Fabrizio Ducati Xerox Team Report
R2 United States Ben Spies United States Ben Spies Yamaha WSB
6 R1  South Africa Kyalami 17 May United States Ben Spies Italy Michel Fabrizio Japan Noriyuki Haga Ducati Xerox Team Report
R2 Japan Noriyuki Haga Japan Noriyuki Haga Ducati Xerox Team
7 R1  United States Miller Motorsports Park 31 May United States Ben Spies United States Ben Spies United States Ben Spies Yamaha WSB Report
R2 United States Ben Spies United States Ben Spies Yamaha WSB
8 R1  Europe Misano World Circuit 21 June Czech Republic Jakub Smrž Czech Republic Jakub Smrž United States Ben Spies Yamaha WSB Report
R2 Japan Noriyuki Haga United Kingdom Jonathan Rea HANNspree Ten Kate Honda
9 R1 United Kingdom Great Britain Donington Park 28 June United States Ben Spies United States Ben Spies United States Ben Spies Yamaha WSB Report
R2 United States Ben Spies United States Ben Spies Yamaha WSB
10 R1  Czech Republic Masaryk Circuit 26 July United States Ben Spies Italy Michel Fabrizio Italy Max Biaggi Aprilia Racing Report
R2 Italy Max Biaggi United States Ben Spies Yamaha WSB
11 R1  Germany Nürburgring 6 September Japan Noriyuki Haga Japan Noriyuki Haga United States Ben Spies Yamaha WSB Report
R2 United Kingdom Jonathan Rea United Kingdom Jonathan Rea HANNspree Ten Kate Honda
12 R1  San Marino Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari 27 September Italy Michel Fabrizio Italy Michel Fabrizio Japan Noriyuki Haga Ducati Xerox Team Report
R2 Japan Noriyuki Haga Italy Michel Fabrizio Ducati Xerox Team
13 R1  France Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours 4 October United States Ben Spies Japan Noriyuki Haga United States Ben Spies Yamaha WSB Report
R2 United Kingdom Jonathan Rea Japan Noriyuki Haga Ducati Xerox Team
14 R1  Portugal Autódromo Internacional do Algarve 25 October United States Ben Spies Italy Michel Fabrizio United States Ben Spies Yamaha WSB Report
R2 Italy Michel Fabrizio Italy Michel Fabrizio Ducati Xerox Team

Championship standings

Riders' standings

2009 final riders' standings[5]
Pos. Rider Bike AUS
Australia
QAT
Qatar
SPA
Spain
NED
Netherlands
ITA
Italy
RSA
South Africa
USA
United States
SMR
San Marino
GBR
United Kingdom
CZE
Czech Republic
GER
Germany
ITA
Italy
FRA
France
POR
Portugal
Pts
R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2
1 United States Ben Spies Yamaha 16 1 1 1 Ret 2 1 Ret 15 1 3 Ret 1 1 1 9 1 1 Ret 1 1 2 4 5 1 4 1 5 462
2 Japan Noriyuki Haga Ducati 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 Ret 1 1 9 8 5 3 3 Ret 8 6 2 Ret 1 2 2 1 Ret 2 456
3 Italy Michel Fabrizio Ducati 4 5 Ret Ret 2 3 9 4 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 12 3 Ret 3 7 9 3 1 4 13 5 1 382
4 Italy Max Biaggi Aprilia 11 15 3 3 8 8 5 Ret 11 5 5 5 6 4 13 10 2 21 1 2 5 4 2 4 3 2 3 6 319
5 United Kingdom Jonathan Rea Honda 5 9 12 8 Ret 13 7 5 5 4 4 3 5 3 7 1 7 15 3 4 4 1 7 6 Ret 3 2 3 315
6 United Kingdom Leon Haslam Honda 6 3 11 11 5 5 3 2 Ret 7 Ret 4 10 Ret 12 8 4 2 7 12 6 5 6 8 5 5 Ret Ret 241
7 Spain Carlos Checa Honda 12 13 5 13 Ret 6 Ret 7 9 10 6 6 2 Ret 11 5 11 Ret 2 5 3 3 Ret 10 6 9 7 Ret 209
8 United Kingdom Shane Byrne Ducati Ret Ret 6 12 9 11 11 8 14 18 9 Ret 11 10 2 6 5 4 4 8 10 Ret Ret 7 8 7 4 4 192
9 United Kingdom Tom Sykes Yamaha 10 10 7 5 7 10 4 6 6 6 10 9 13 9 8 7 Ret 5 Ret 7 9 8 9 12 Ret Ret DNS DNS 176
10 Czech Republic Jakub Smrž Ducati 9 7 Ret 17 Ret 14 6 3 12 8 14 10 8 6 4 4 9 Ret 6 9 13 11 8 9 10 Ret Ret 8 169
11 Japan Ryuichi Kiyonari Honda Ret 23 8 4 12 9 15 Ret 3 3 12 13 4 5 Ret 14 10 7 13 13 14 7 5 17 Ret DNS DNS DNS 141
12 Japan Yukio Kagayama Suzuki 3 8 22 15 6 Ret Ret 12 4 17 8 8 12 12 6 11 17 13 14 Ret 15 10 15 Ret 7 6 Ret 11 128
13 Australia Troy Corser BMW 8 22 9 9 Ret 15 10 10 Ret DNS 15 17 Ret 19 Ret 20 5 10 8 6 11 Ret 9 10 Ret 9 96
14 Japan Shinya Nakano Aprilia 15 12 4 7 DNS DNS Ret DNS 13 12 7 7 Ret 7 9 13 6 Ret Ret 11 Ret DNS 86
15 France Régis Laconi Ducati 7 4 10 14 4 4 8 16 8 11 WD WD 77
16 Germany Max Neukirchner Suzuki 2 6 Ret 6 3 7 13 9 DNS DNS 75
17 Spain Rubén Xaus BMW 19 11 13 10 13 16 14 11 7 9 Ret Ret 21 16 14 16 15 9 Ret DNS 12 13 11 12 8 Ret 74
18 Australia Broc Parkes Kawasaki Ret 18 14 16 10 17 10 13 15 14 Ret 11 17 17 18 14 12 16 Ret 13 10 15 Ret 15 11 12 51
19 France Matthieu Lagrive Honda 10 21 16 12 9 14 11 Ret Ret Ret 9 13 34
20 United Kingdom Leon Camier Yamaha 13 6 32
Aprilia Ret Ret 6 7
21 Spain Fonsi Nieto Suzuki 16 15 16 13 18 12 22
Ducati 11 17 Ret 12 Ret Ret Ret 11 Ret Ret
22 Australia Karl Muggeridge Suzuki Ret 21 16 18 16 19 12 Ret 16 Ret 18 Ret Ret DNS 12 Ret 13 14 Ret 8 21
23 United States John Hopkins Honda 11 12 WD WD DNS DNS 8 DNS Ret Ret DNS DNS 17
24 Italy Matteo Baiocco Kawasaki Ret 24 19 22 20 Ret Ret 14 17 15 Ret Ret 17
Ducati Ret 16 14 16 12 14 10 Ret
25 Italy Marco Simoncelli Aprilia Ret 3 16
26 Italy Lorenzo Lanzi Ducati 17 14 19 18 14 11 Ret 15 Ret 11 15
27 Japan Makoto Tamada Kawasaki 18 17 DNS DNS 14 Ret 17 Ret DNS DNS 10 Ret DNS DNS Ret DNS 12 16 12
28 Spain Gregorio Lavilla Ducati 11 12 14 Ret 22 15 Ret 18 12
29 Italy Luca Scassa Kawasaki 20 20 17 20 18 24 Ret 15 23 14 17 Ret 19 Ret Ret 20 19 16 16 Ret 16 14 16 18 13 Ret 15 14 11
30 United States Jamie Hacking Kawasaki 7 19 16 22 21 Ret 9
31 United Kingdom James Ellison Yamaha Ret 8 8
32 South Africa Sheridan Morais Kawasaki 13 11 Ret 19 8
33 France Sylvain Guintoli Suzuki Ret 10 6
34 United Kingdom Simon Andrews Kawasaki 20 10 6
35 United Kingdom Tommy Hill Honda 14 14 15 Ret 15 22 Ret Ret 20 16 19 17 DNS DNS 6
36 Spain David Salom Kawasaki 21 25 18 Ret 19 21 20 Ret 19 21 20 16 20 18 23 Ret 23 19 17 Ret 17 17 18 Ret 14 16 13 17 5
37 Spain David Checa Yamaha Ret 20 19 Ret 22 19 21 Ret 24 Ret 18 19 Ret 18 17 Ret 15 17 14 15 4
38 Australia Brendan Roberts Ducati 17 19 21 19 Ret 18 16 13 DNS DNS 3
39 Italy Roberto Rolfo Honda 13 16 Ret Ret 3
40 Italy Vittorio Iannuzzo Honda Ret Ret 20 21 Ret 23 Ret Ret 21 DSQ 20 24 Ret Ret 15 18 Ret 15 Ret Ret Ret Ret Ret Ret 2
41 Italy Alessandro Polita Suzuki 15 23 22 Ret Ret Ret 1
42 United States Jake Zemke Honda 18 20 18 15 1
Austria Roland Resch Suzuki Ret 25 21 17 24 Ret NC 25 Ret Ret 19 20 18 Ret 16 18 Ret DNS 0
United States Blake Young Suzuki 25 17 0
Italy Ayrton Badovini Kawasaki DNS DNS Ret Ret 17 Ret 0
Italy Flavio Gentile Honda 17 DNS 0
Australia Steve Martin BMW 22 18 0
United Kingdom Stuart Easton Kawasaki 18 Ret 0
South Africa Shaun Whyte Yamaha 21 19 0
Czech Republic Miloš Čihák Suzuki 20 Ret 0
France Erwan Nigon Yamaha 22 Ret 0
United Kingdom Richard Cooper BMW Ret Ret 0
Italy Luca Conforti Ducati Ret DNS 0
Pos. Rider Bike AUS
Australia
QAT
Qatar
SPA
Spain
NED
Netherlands
ITA
Italy
RSA
South Africa
USA
United States
SMR
San Marino
GBR
United Kingdom
CZE
Czech Republic
GER
Germany
ITA
Italy
FRA
France
POR
Portugal
Pts
Colour Result
Gold Winner
Silver Second place
Bronze Third place
Green Points finish
Blue Non-points finish
Non-classified finish (NC)
Purple Retired (Ret)
Red Did not qualify (DNQ)
Did not pre-qualify (DNPQ)
Black Disqualified (DSQ)
White Did not start (DNS)
Withdrew (WD)
Race cancelled (C)
Blank Did not practice (DNP)
Did not arrive (DNA)
Excluded (EX)

Bold – Pole position
Italics – Fastest lap

Manufacturers' standings

2009 final manufacturers' standings[6]
Pos. Manufacturer AUS
Australia
QAT
Qatar
SPA
Spain
NED
Netherlands
ITA
Italy
RSA
South Africa
USA
United States
SMR
San Marino
GBR
United Kingdom
CZE
Czech Republic
GER
Germany
ITA
Italy
FRA
France
POR
Portugal
Pts
R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2
1 Italy Ducati 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 3 3 4 3 2 9 1 1 2 1 4 1 572
2 Japan Yamaha 10 1 1 1 7 2 1 6 6 1 3 9 1 1 1 7 1 1 18 1 1 2 4 5 1 4 1 5 505
3 Japan Honda 5 3 5 4 5 5 3 2 3 3 4 3 2 3 7 1 4 2 2 4 3 1 5 6 5 3 2 3 431
4 Italy Aprilia 11 12 3 3 8 8 5 Ret 11 5 5 5 6 4 9 10 2 21 1 2 5 4 2 3 3 2 3 6 329
5 Japan Suzuki 2 6 16 6 3 7 12 9 4 17 8 8 12 12 6 11 17 13 14 20 12 10 13 14 7 6 Ret 10 173
6 Germany BMW 8 11 9 9 13 15 10 10 7 9 22 18 15 16 14 16 15 9 5 10 8 6 11 13 9 10 8 9 141
7 Japan Kawasaki 18 17 14 16 10 17 17 14 10 13 13 11 7 11 16 17 18 10 10 16 16 13 10 15 13 15 11 12 76
Pos. Manufacturer AUS
Australia
QAT
Qatar
SPA
Spain
NED
Netherlands
ITA
Italy
RSA
South Africa
USA
United States
SMR
San Marino
GBR
United Kingdom
CZE
Czech Republic
GER
Germany
ITA
Italy
FRA
France
POR
Portugal
Pts

Entry list

2009 entry list[7]
Team Constructor Motorcycle No. Rider Rounds
Kawasaki World Superbike R.T. Kawasaki Kawasaki ZX-10R 2 United States Jamie Hacking[8] 7–9
23 Australia Broc Parkes 1–3, 5–14
32 United Kingdom Stuart Easton[9] 4
100 Japan Makoto Tamada 1–5, 10–12, 14
132 South Africa Sheridan Morais[10] 6, 13
Aprilia Racing Aprilia Aprilia RSV4 Factory 3 Italy Max Biaggi All
56 Japan Shinya Nakano 1–11
58 Italy Marco Simoncelli[11] 12
22 United Kingdom Leon Camier[12] 13–14
HANNspree Ten Kate Honda Honda Honda CBR1000RR 7 Spain Carlos Checa All
65 United Kingdom Jonathan Rea All
Ten Kate Honda Racing Honda Honda CBR1000RR 9 Japan Ryuichi Kiyonari All
DFX Corse Ducati Ducati 1098R 10 Spain Fonsi Nieto[13] 10–14
55 France Régis Laconi 1–6
57 Italy Lorenzo Lanzi[14] 7–10, 12
Suzuki Alstare BRUX
Team Suzuki Alstare
Suzuki Suzuki GSX-R1000 K9 10 Spain Fonsi Nieto[15] 6–8
31 Australia Karl Muggeridge 11–13
50 France Sylvain Guintoli[16] 14
71 Japan Yukio Kagayama All
76 Germany Max Neukirchner 1–5
79 United States Blake Young[17] 9
BMW Motorrad Motorsport BMW BMW S1000RR 11 Australia Troy Corser 1–5, 7–14
17 Australia Steve Martin[18] 6
47 United Kingdom Richard Cooper[19] 11
111 Spain Rubén Xaus 1–10, 12–14
HANNspree Honda Althea
Honda Althea Racing
Honda Honda CBR1000RR 14 France Matthieu Lagrive[20] 8–12, 14
33 United Kingdom Tommy Hill 1–7
40 Italy Flavio Gentile 13
PSG-1 Corse Kawasaki Kawasaki ZX-10R 15 Italy Matteo Baiocco 1–5, 8
86 Italy Ayrton Badovini 1–3
Guandalini Racing Ducati Ducati 1098R 15 Italy Matteo Baiocco[21] 11–14
24 Australia Brendan Roberts 1–5
36 Spain Gregorio Lavilla[22] 6–9
96 Czech Republic Jakub Smrž All
Yamaha WSB Yamaha Yamaha YZF-R1 19 United States Ben Spies All
66 United Kingdom Tom Sykes All
Airwaves Yamaha Yamaha Yamaha YZF-R1 22 United Kingdom Leon Camier[23] 9
27 United Kingdom James Ellison[23] 9
Team Pedercini Kawasaki Kawasaki ZX-10R 25 Spain David Salom All
99 Italy Luca Scassa All
Celani Race Suzuki Suzuki GSX-R1000 K9 31 Australia Karl Muggeridge 1–7
53 Italy Alessandro Polita[24] 8–10
Ducati Xerox Team Ducati Ducati 1098R 41 Japan Noriyuki Haga All
84 Italy Michel Fabrizio All
Stiggy Racing Honda Honda Honda CBR1000RR 44 Italy Roberto Rolfo 1–2
91 United Kingdom Leon Haslam All
98 United States Jake Zemke[25] 5, 7
121 United States John Hopkins[26] 3–4, 8–11
Yamaha France GMT 94 IPONE Yamaha Yamaha YZF-R1 49 South Africa Shaun Whyte[27] 6
64 France Erwan Nigon[27] 7
94 Spain David Checa 3–5, 8–14
ProRace Suzuki Suzuki GSX-R1000 K9 51 Czech Republic Miloš Čihák 10
Sterilgarda Ducati Ducati 1098R 67 United Kingdom Shane Byrne All
Squadra Corse Italia Honda Honda CBR1000RR 77 Italy Vittorio Iannuzzo 1–5, 8–14
TKR Suzuki Switzerland Suzuki Suzuki GSX-R1000 K9 88 Austria Roland Resch 3–5, 8–11, 13–14
MSS Colchester Kawasaki Kawasaki Kawasaki ZX-10R 117 United Kingdom Simon Andrews[28] 9
Barni Racing Team Ducati Ducati 1098R 124 Italy Luca Conforti 12
Key
Regular rider
Wildcard rider
Replacement rider
  • All entries utilized Pirelli tyres.

References

  1. ^ "HANNspree Will Sponsor Superbike World Championship Through 2010, And Will Sponsor American Round At Miller In 2008". roadracingworld.com. 19 February 2005. Archived from the original on 5 December 2007. Retrieved 23 October 2007.
  2. ^ "Imola returns to WSBK calendar". Crash.net. Crash Media Group. December 2008. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  3. ^ a b "WSBK goes 'knockout', 'flag to flag' in 2009". Crash.net. Crash Media Group. September 2008. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  4. ^ a b "Road Racing FIM Superbike & Supersport World Championships and FIM Superstock Cup Regulations 2009" (PDF). spelregels.eu. Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme. 31 January 2009. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  5. ^ "Portimao, 23–24–25 October 2009 – Superbike – Championship Standings" (PDF). resources.worldsbk.com. Dorna WSBK. 25 October 2009. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  6. ^ "Portimao, 23–24–25 October 2009 – Superbike – Manufacturers Standings" (PDF). resources.worldsbk.com. Dorna WSBK. 25 October 2009. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  7. ^ "Record numbers of entries in World Superbike and Supersport". worldsbk.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
  8. ^ "Hacking joins PBM Kawasaki for Miller". crash.net. 2009-05-20. Archived from the original on 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
  9. ^ "Easton gets Kawasaki WSBK call-up". crash.net. 2009-04-22. Archived from the original on 25 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-24.
  10. ^ "Morais replaces injured Tamada in Kyalami". Motors TV. 2009-05-14. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
  11. ^ "Marco Simoncelli to make WSBK debut at Imola!". Crash.net. Archived from the original on 2009-09-27. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
  12. ^ "Camier to replace Nakano at Aprilia – Motorcycle racing news: WSB – Visordown". Archived from the original on 2009-10-04. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
  13. ^ "Fonsi Nieto_joins_DFX Ducati.html". crash.net. Crash Media Group. 2009-07-15. Archived from the original on 2009-07-18. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
  14. ^ Julian Thomas (2009-05-22). "Lanzi takes place of Laconi in DFX Corse". Superbike World Championship. Infront Motor Sports. Archived from the original on 2009-07-14. Retrieved 2009-05-22.
  15. ^ "Nieto to make Suzuki return at Kyalami". crash.net. 2009-05-12. Archived from the original on 15 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-12.
  16. ^ "Guintoli to get early WSB debut with Alstare Suzuki at Portimao".
  17. ^ "Suzuki Alstare sign Young for Donington". crash.net. Crash Media Group. 2009-06-23. Archived from the original on 2009-06-27. Retrieved 2009-06-23.
  18. ^ "Corser latest to withdraw, Martin replaces". crash.net. 2009-05-12. Archived from the original on 2009-05-15. Retrieved 2009-05-12.
  19. ^ "Xaus not quite ready for return so Cooper joins Corser".
  20. ^ "Tommy Hill leaves Althea Honda". crash.net. Crash Media Group. 2009-06-16. Archived from the original on 2009-06-26. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
  21. ^ "Matteo Baiocco Profile | WSBK | Crash.Net". Archived from the original on 2012-09-28. Retrieved 2010-09-08.
  22. ^ "Lavilla returns to replace Roberts". crash.net. 2009-05-12. Archived from the original on 12 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-12.
  23. ^ a b "Camier, Ellison confirmed for Donington WSBK". crash.net. Crash Media Group. 2009-06-11. Archived from the original on 2009-06-25. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  24. ^ "Muggeridge skips Misano, Polita returns". crash.net. Crash Media Group. 2009-06-18. Archived from the original on 2009-06-27. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
  25. ^ "Zemke to deputise for Hopkins at Monza". crash.net. 2009-05-05. Archived from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2009-05-10.
  26. ^ "Hopkins joins WSBK with Stiggy Honda". crash.net. 2009-03-20. Archived from the original on 23 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  27. ^ a b "Zimbabwean Whyte to race Yamaha at Kyalami". crash.net. Crash Media Group. 2009-05-15. Archived from the original on 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
  28. ^ "Andrews gains Donington WSBK wild-card". crash.net. Crash Media Group. 2009-06-18. Archived from the original on 2009-06-27. Retrieved 2009-06-18.

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Way to administer medicine For other uses, see bolus. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Bolus medicine – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) In medicine, a bolus (from Latin bolus, ball) is the administration of a...

 

Function over linear operators This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Partial trace – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Left hand side shows a full density matrix ρ A B {\displaystyle \rho _{AB}} of a bipartite qubit system. The partial...

 

Frankish noble, born 794 Arnulf of Sens (c.794 – April, 841) was a Frankish noble, an illegitimate son of Louis the Pious,[1] son of Charlemagne. He had one sister, Alpaïs,[1] abbess of Saint-Pierre-les-Dames, Reims. Arnulf's grandfather, Charlemagne, died in 814 with his father Louis becoming Emperor. Three years later in 817, Arnulf, was appointed count of Sens in Burgundy.[2] He was the first son of Louis the Pious, but he did not inherit land because his birth w...

Southend United F. C.Datos generalesNombre Southend United Football ClubApodo(s) The Shrimpers (Los Camarones)The Seasiders (Los Marineros)The BluesFundación 19 de mayo de 1906 (117 años)Presidente Ron MartinEntrenador Kevin MaherInstalacionesEstadio Roots HallUbicación Southend-on-Sea(Coord. 51°32′56″N 0°42′06″E / 51.549017, 0.701558)Capacidad 12 392 espectadoresInauguración 1955 (69 años)Uniforme Titular Alternativo Tercero     &#...

 

Representative of the voters to a parliament Labour Party members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands ahead of the Prinsjesdag celebrations on 20 September 2022 Legislature Chambers Unicameralism Bicameralism Tricameralism Multicameralism Upper house (Senate) Lower house Parliament Parliamentary system Parliamentary group Speaker Parliamentary leader Member of parliament Whip Clerk International parliament Parliamentary procedure Committee Quorum Motion (no-confidence) Types Pa...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!