1994 Mindoro earthquake

1994 Mindoro earthquake
	Verde Island Passage
UTC time	1994-11-14 19:15:30
ISC event	141635
USGS-ANSS	ComCat
Local date	November 15, 1994
Local time	03:15 PST
Magnitude	7.1 Mw
Depth	31.5 km (19.6 mi)
Epicenter	13°31′30″N 121°04′01″E / 13.525°N 121.067°E
Type	Strike-slip
Areas affected	Philippines
Max. intensity	RFS VII (Very strong tremor)
Tsunami	Yes
Casualties	78 killed, 225–340 injured

The 1994 Mindoro earthquake occurred at 03:15:30 PST on November 15 near Mindoro, Philippines. It had a moment magnitude of 7.1 and a maximum Rossi–Forel of VII (Very strong tremor). It is associated with a 35-kilometer-long (22 mi) ground rupture, called the Aglubang River fault.^[5] Seventy eight people were reported dead,^[6] and 7,566 houses were damaged. The earthquake generated a tsunami and landslides on the Verde Island.

Earthquake

The epicenter of this earthquake was located in the Verde Island Passage, a strait separating Luzon and Mindoro. The focal mechanism showed predominantly right-lateral strike-slip faulting.^[7] The released seismic moment was about 5.12×10¹⁹ Nm.^[8]

Surface faulting

The Aglubang River fault, which shows a right-lateral strike-slip sense of movement, extends from Malaylay Island in the north of Oriental Mindoro to Alcate, Victoria in the south. Measurements along the rupture reveal a maximum horizontal displacement of 4 meters (13 ft) and a maximum vertical displacement of 1.9 meters (6 ft 3 in).^[5]^[9]

Tsunami

The earthquake generated a tsunami, which affected Mindoro, the Verde Island, the Baco Islands,^[10] and Luzon. Some concrete structures also suffered moderate damage in the tsunami. In Baco Islands, the vertical run-up reached 8.5 meters (28 ft). The tsunami was also recorded in Lobo.^[11] The tsunami was larger than expected considering the strike-slip movement of the earthquake.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "M 7.1 - Mindoro, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. November 14, 1994. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
^ ^a ^b Tanioka, Y.; Satake, K. (1996), "Tsunami generation by horizontal displacement of ocean bottom" (PDF), Geophysical Research Letters, 23 (8): 863, 864, Bibcode:1996GeoRL..23..861T, doi:10.1029/96GL00736, hdl:2027.42/95068
^ "Today in Earthquake History". USGS. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
^ "15 November 1994, Mw 7.1, Mindoro, Philippines". Retrieved March 19, 2022.
^ ^a ^b Rimando, R.E., Punongbayan, R.S., Geronimo-Catane, S.G., Mirabueno, H.S., Rasdas, A.S., 1995. Ground rupture of the November 15, 1994, Oriental Mindoro (Philippines) earthquake. XXI General Assembly of IUGG, Abstracts, p. A422.
^ "Significant Earthquakes of the World". Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
^ Simplina-Manahan, J. J. (December 1, 2004). "Source Characterization of the 15 November 1994, Ms 7.1 Mindoro, Philippines Earthquake". The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System. pp. S11A–1003. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
^ "1994.11.14 Mindoro, Philippine". Archived from the original on May 18, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
^ PHIVOLCS Quick Response Teams, December 1994. PHIVOLCS Special Report No. 2. THE November 15, 1994, Mindoro Earthquake.
^ "Tsunamis – past and present".
^ "Field Survey report -Philippines Tsunami Disaster-". Archived from the original on April 26, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2011.