1916 in the United Kingdom
UK-related events during the year of 1916
Events from the year 1916 in the United Kingdom . The year was dominated by the First World War and is noted for the Easter Rising in Ireland.
Incumbents
Events
Easter Rising : Proclamation of the Irish Republic 1 January – the Royal Army Medical Corps carries out the first successful blood transfusion using blood that has been stored and cooled.
9 January – World War I : Battle of Gallipoli : last British troops evacuated from Gallipoli , as the Ottoman Empire prevails over a joint British and French operation to capture Istanbul .
27 January – conscription introduced by the Military Service Act ;[ 1]
1 February – night-long German Zeppelin raid on the West Midlands of England, claiming at least 35 lives; Tipton suffers the heaviest losses, with 14 fatalities.[ 2]
1 March – transfer of the National Library of Wales at Aberystwyth into its purpose-built premises is completed.[ 3]
4 March – third war budget raises income tax to five shillings in the pound .
10 March – Sir Hubert Parry writes the choral setting of William Blake 's poem "And did those feet in ancient time ", which becomes known as "Jerusalem" (first performed 28 March at the Queen's Hall , London).
22 March – marriage of J. R. R. Tolkien and Edith Bratt at St. Mary Immaculate Roman Catholic Church, Warwick . They will serve as the inspiration for his fictional characters Beren and Lúthien .
25 March – Military Medal instituted as a military decoration for personnel of the British Army and other services below commissioned rank, for bravery in battle on land.
28 March – severe blizzard across the east midlands.[ 4]
1/2–5/6 April – nightly German Navy airship raids on England.
2 April – munitions factory explosion at Uplees near Faversham , Kent, kills 108 men.[ 5]
7 April – Garrick Theatre fire, Hereford : 8 young girls appearing in an amateur benefit evening performance for soldiers are killed when their costumes catch fire.[ 6] [ 7]
24–30 April – Easter Rising in Ireland : Members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood proclaim an Irish Republic and the Irish Volunteers and Irish Citizen Army occupy the General Post Office and other buildings in Dublin before surrendering to the British Army .[ 1]
24 April–19 May – Voyage of the James Caird , an open boat journey from Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands to South Georgia in the southern Atlantic Ocean (800 nautical miles (1,500 km; 920 mi)) undertaken by Sir Ernest Shackleton and five companions to obtain rescue for the main body of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition (left under command of Frank Wild ) following the loss of its ship Endurance [ 8]
25 April – German battlecruisers and Zeppelins bombard Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth .
27 April – Gas attack at Hulluch in France: 47th Brigade, 16th (Irish) Division , decimated in one of the most heavily concentrated gas attacks of the war.
29 April – Siege of Kut ends with the surrender of British Indian Army forces to the Ottoman Empire at Kut -al-Amara on the Tigris in Basra Vilayet during the Mesopotamian campaign .
2 May – eight German Zeppelins raid the east coast of England.
16 May – the UK and France conclude the secret Sykes–Picot Agreement , which is to divide Arab areas of the Ottoman Empire, following the conclusion of the war, into French and British spheres of influence .
21 May – daylight saving time introduced.[ 1]
31 May–1 June – Battle of Jutland between the Royal Navy 's Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet [ 9] North Sea , World War I's only large-scale clash of battleships. The result is tactically inconclusive but British dominance of the North Sea is maintained. Prince Albert is present as an officer.
5 June – HMS Hampshire sinks having hit a mine off Orkney with Lord Kitchener aboard. 737 lives, including Kitchener, were lost.[ 1]
12 June – Whit Monday bank holiday abandoned (rescheduled to 8 August[ 10] First day on the Somme opens1 July–18 November – Battle of the Somme : More than one million soldiers die; with 57,470 British Empire casualties on the first day , 19,240 of them killed, the British Army's bloodiest day;[ 11] Accrington Pals battalion is effectively wiped out in the first few minutes. The immediate result is tactically inconclusive.
25 July – North of Scotland Special Military Area declared, restricting access by non-residents to everywhere north of the Great Glen .[ 12] Isle of Sheppey (7 September), Newhaven (22 September), Harwich (27 September), Dover (6 October) and Spurn .
27 July – English civilian ferry captain Charles Fryatt is executed at Bruges after a German court-martial condemns him for attempting to ram a U-boat in 1915.
3 August – the musical comedy Chu Chin Chow Oscar Asche , with music by Frederic Norton , premières at His Majesty's Theatre in London . It will run for five years and a total of 2,238 performances (more than twice as many as any previous musical), a record that will stand for nearly forty years.
7 August – August bank holiday abandoned.[ 13]
10 August – the official documentary propaganda film The Battle of the Somme
21–24 August – Low Moor Explosion : A series of explosions at a munitions factory in Bradford kills 40 people and injures over 100.[ 14]
2 September – William Leefe-Robinson becomes the first pilot to shoot down a German airship over Britain. Lloyd George in 1916
Undated
Publications
Births
2 January – Edmund Leopold de Rothschild , financier (died 2009)
6 January – Adrian Beers , double bass player (died 2004)
9 January – Peter Twinn , mathematician and World War II code-breaker (died 2004)[ 21]
12 January – Mary Wilson, Baroness Wilson of Rievaulx , poet and wife of British prime minister Harold Wilson (died 2018)
25 January – Frederick Valentine Atkinson , mathematician (died 2002)
28 January – David Stanley Evans , astronomer (died 2004)
1 February – Jack Lyons , financier (died 2008)
2 February – John Bridgeman , sculptor (died 2004)
4 February – Gavin Ewart , poet (died 1995)
6 February – John Crank , physicist (died 2006)
13 February – John Reed , actor and opera singer (died 2010)
14 February
15 February – Ernest Millington , politician (died 2009)
16 February – Frank Blackmore , traffic engineer (died 2008)
11 March – Harold Wilson , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1995)
14 March – Patricia Hilliard , actress (died 2001)
17 March – Ray Ellington , singer (died 1985)
19 March – Eric Christmas , actor (died 2000)
29 March – John Paul , colonial administrator (died 2004)
2 April – John Saville , Marxist historian (died 2009)
11 April – David Smiley , Army officer (died 2009)
19 April
28 April – Bill Bland , optician and communist (died 2001)
7 May – Huw Wheldon , broadcaster (died 1986)
16 May – Margaret Ursula Jones , archaeologist (died 2001)
20 May – Owen Chadwick , religious historian (died 2015)
22 May – Rupert Davies , television actor (died 1976)
25 May – Ewart Oakeshott , illustrator (died 2002)
29 May – Arthur Seldon , economist (died 2005)
31 May
3 June – Leslie Grade , born Laszlo Winogradsky, theatrical talent agent (died 1979)
4 June – Cecil Blacker , army general (died 2002)
8 June – Francis Crick , molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (died 2004)
10 June – Bill Waddington , actor and comedian (died 2000)
15 June – Stephen Terrell , barrister and politician (died 2004)
20 June – Johnny Morris , television presenter (died 1999)
23 June – Len Hutton , cricketer (died 1990)
28 June – Stewart Farrar , screenwriter, novelist and Wiccan priest (died 2000)
1 July – Olivia de Havilland , Tokyo-born film actress (died 2020 in France)
9 July – Edward Heath , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 2005)
11 July – Reg Varney , actor (died 2008)
15 July – Dorothy Mackie Low , novelist (died 2002)
20 July – Mary Barclay , actress (died 2008)
29 July – Max Faulkner , golfer (died 2005)
31 July – Brenda Rawnsley , arts campaigner (died 2007)
5 August – Arthur Wheeler , motorcyclist (died 2001)
6 August – Richard Buckle , ballet critic (died 2001)
18 August – Moura Lympany , born Mary Johnstone, classical pianist (died 2005)
20 August – Bernard Archard , actor (died 2008)
21 August – Geoffrey Keen , actor (died 2005)
24 August – John Albert Axel Gibson , World War II air ace (died 2000)
30 August – John Thoday , geneticist (died 2008)
31 August – Robert Hanbury Brown , astronomer (died 2002)
12 September – William Woodruff , historian (died 2008)
13 September – Roald Dahl , author (died 1990)
14 September – Cledwyn Hughes , politician (died 2001)
16 September – Don Ryder , businessman and politician (died 2003)
17 September – Mary Stewart , born Mary Rainbow, romantic suspense novelist (died 2014)
18 September – Frank Bell , educator (died 1989)
19 September – Giles Romilly , journalist (died 1967)
26 September – Denis Spotswood , RAF air marshal (died 2001)
29 September – Carl Giles , cartoonist (died 1995)
3 October
10 October – Gerald Davis , philatelist (died 2005)
17 October – Robert S. Baker , television producer (died 2009)
19 October – Michael Pollock , admiral (died 2006)
5 November – Len Wilkinson , cricketer (died 2002)
11 November
17 November – Rodney Hilton , historian (died 2002)
23 November – Allan Gilmour , Army colonel (died 2003)
24 November – James Pope-Hennessy , biographer and travel writer (murdered 1974)
28 November – Lilian, Princess of Réthy , born Mary Lilian Baels, English-born Belgian queen consort (died 2002 in Belgium)
29 November – Helen Clare , singer (died 2018)
2 December – John Bentley , actor (died 2009)
6 December – Derek Hill , painter (died 2000)
9 December
17 December – Penelope Fitzgerald , born Penelope Knox, poet, essayist and biographer (died 2000)
19 December
20 December – Tom Chantrell , illustrator (died 2001)
23 December – Robert Blake , historian (died 2003)
25 December
Noel Annan , military intelligence officer, historian and academic (died 2000)John McManners , clergyman and historian (died 2006)
26 December – Douglas Hugh Everett , chemist (died 2002)
Deaths
30 January – Sir Clements Markham , geographer, explorer and writer (born 1830)
14 February – Reginald Alexander , physician (born 1847)
23 February – Jabez Balfour , businessman, politician and fraudster (born 1843)
28 February – Henry James , novelist (born 1843 in the United States)
11 March – Florence Baker , explorer (born 1841 in Hungary)
31 May – Sir Horace Hood , admiral (killed in action) (born 1870)
5 June – Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener , field marshal, diplomat and statesman (drowned) (born 1850)
12 June – Silvanus P. Thompson , electrical engineer and science educator (born 1851)
1 July – First Day on the Somme (killed in action)
10 July – Robert Bickersteth , politician (born 1847)
23 July – Sir William Ramsay , chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1852)
27 July – Charles Fryatt , mariner (executed) (born 1872)
29 July – Eleanor Vere Boyle , watercolourist and illustrator (born 1825)
3 August – Roger Casement , Irish nationalist (executed) (born 1864)
5 August – George Butterworth , composer (killed in action) (born 1885)
28 September – Richard Thomas , tin plate manufacturer (born 1837)
14 November – Saki , short-story writer (killed on active service) (born 1870)
22 November – Sir George White, 1st Baronet , businessman (born 1854)
23 November
5 December – Augusta of Cambridge , member of the royal family (born 1822)
See also
References
^ a b c d Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0 ^ "Walsall Mayor dies in night of Zeppelin terror" . expressandstar.com. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014.^ Jenkins, David (2002). A Refuge in Peace and War: The National Library of Wales to 1952 . Aberystwyth: National Library of Wales. p. 168. ISBN 1-86225-034-0 ^ "The Blizzard in March 1916" . Rushden Museum. 24 March 2021.^ Dillon, Brian (2015). The Great Explosion: Gunpowder, the Great War, and a disaster on the Kent Marshes . Penguin. ISBN 9781844882816 ^ "Six Children Fatally Burned in a Theatre". The Times ^ Chester, Jerry (24 February 2014). "World War One: Hereford theatre fire killed eight at fundraiser" . BBC News . Retrieved 7 March 2014 . ^ Worsley, Frank A. (1999) [1933]. Shackleton's Boat Journey . London: W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-7126-6574-2 ^ The Hutchinson Factfinder . Helicon. 1999. p. 483. ISBN 1-85986-000-1 ^ Postponement Of Whitsuntide Holidays. HC Deb 31 May 1916 vol 82 cc2724.^ Sheffield, Gary (2003). The Somme 68 . ISBN 0-304-36649-8 ^ "Wartime Travel Restriction" . Glenmoriston . Retrieved 12 August 2015 .^ "The Day That Was Bank Holiday – London's Response to Government Appeal – Work As Usual". The Pall Mall Gazette ^ Blackwell, Ronald (1987). "The Low Moor Explosion" . Bradford Antiquary . 3 . Bradford Historical and Antiquarian Society. ^ "ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 878" . Aviation Safety Network . Flight Safety Foundation. 27 July 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2015 .^ Donald, David (1997). The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft . Prospero Books. p. 553. ISBN 1-85605-375-X ^ "Government Takes Welsh Coal Mines". The New York Times . 30 November 1916. p. 1. ^ "Miners' Wages" . The Labour Voice . 9 December 1915. p. 1. Retrieved 27 September 2022 .^ a b Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 352–353. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2 ^ FifeBirder (2009). "The History of the White Tailed Sea Eagle in Scotland" . ScotBird . Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2010 . ^ Dan van der Vat , "Obituary: Peter Twinn", The Guardian
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