1585 Broadway

1585 Broadway
Morgan Stanley Building
Map
General information
TypeOffice
Location1585 Broadway
Manhattan, New York, U.S.
Coordinates40°45′36″N 73°59′08″W / 40.76000°N 73.98556°W / 40.76000; -73.98556
Current tenantsMorgan Stanley
Construction started1989
Completed1990
OwnerMorgan Stanley
Height
Roof685 ft (209 m)
Technical details
Floor count42
Floor area1,336,576 sq ft (124,172.0 m2)
Design and construction
Architect(s)Emery Roth & Sons, Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects
DeveloperSolomon Equities Inc.
Structural engineerWSP Cantor Seinuk
Main contractorStarrett Brothers and Eken
References
[1][2]

1585 Broadway, also called the Morgan Stanley Building, is a 42-story office building on Times Square in the Theater District neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. The building was designed by Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects and Emery Roth & Sons and was developed by David and Jean Solomon. 1585 Broadway occupies a site on the west side of Broadway between 47th and 48th Streets. The building has served as the headquarters of financial-services company Morgan Stanley since 1995.

1585 Broadway consists of a low base, with setbacks that recede into a tower section measuring 685 ft (209 m) tall. The facade is designed with large signs at the base. The upper stories contain a facade of glass with aluminum spandrels, as well as a glass gable roof. At the ground level, the entire Broadway side contains stores, and the main entrances are placed on 47th and 48th Streets. The office entrances are connected by a wide lobby, which also connects to a basement cafeteria. Morgan Stanley's offices occupy the upper floors, with an executive suite at the 40th and 41st stories. The interior was designed by Gwathmey Siegel and Gensler.

Solomon Equities had developed 1585 Broadway as a speculative development in 1989, on the site of the Strand Theatre and another building. Morgan Stanley had expressed interest in the space during construction but ultimately decided against it. When 1585 Broadway was completed in 1990, law firm Proskauer Rose was the only tenant, occupying eleven floors. The Solomons unsuccessfully attempted to attract more tenants and fell into debt, forcing the building into foreclosure in December 1991. The building was taken over by a consortium of banks who sold it to Morgan Stanley in 1993. Morgan Stanley moved into the building after several renovations. Proskauer Rose renovated its own space in 2000 and continued to occupy part of the building until 2010. Afterward, Morgan Stanley expanded into the former Proskauer Rose space and renovated each floor in the mid-2010s.

Site

1585 Broadway is on the western side of Broadway, between 47th Street to the south and 48th Street to the north. It is at the northwest corner of Times Square in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City.[3][4] The trapezoidal land lot covers 50,657 sq ft (4,706.2 m2), with a frontage of 206 ft (63 m) on 47th Street and a depth of 277.87 ft (84.69 m). The southeastern end of the building faces Duffy Square.[4]

The surrounding area is part of Manhattan's Theater District and contains many Broadway theatres.[3] The Morgan Stanley Building shares the block with the Ethel Barrymore Theatre and Samuel J. Friedman Theatre on 47th Street and the Longacre Theatre on 48th Street. Across 48th Street are the Eugene O'Neill Theatre and Walter Kerr Theatre to the northwest and the Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan to the north. To the east across Times Square are 20 Times Square, TSX Broadway, the Palace and Embassy Theatres, and the I. Miller Building. In addition, the Hotel Edison and Lunt-Fontanne Theatre are to the south, and the Brooks Atkinson Theatre and Paramount Hotel are to the southwest.[4] The site had contained two six-story buildings before 1986: the Strand Theatre, a movie house, as well as Leighton's Haberdashers and Clothiers, which had operated on Broadway for 67 years.[5][6]

Architecture

1585 Broadway was designed by Emery Roth & Sons and Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects[3][1] and was Gwathmey Siegel's first high-rise design.[6] It is 42 stories tall[7][8][a] and measures 685 ft (209 m) to its roof.[1][2] Irwin G. Cantor of WSP Cantor Seinuk was the structural engineer,[10] while the Tishman Construction Company was the general contractor.[11] 1585 Broadway has a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold green building certification.[2] The building is also known as the Morgan Stanley Building for its anchor tenant, financial services company Morgan Stanley, which uses 1585 Broadway as a headquarters.[12]

Form and facade

The building was proposed with a facade and a gable roof made of glass, as well as a square tower set back from the base.[13] As built, the base occupies the entire site;[14] it is aligned with Broadway, which runs diagonally to the Manhattan street grid.[15][16][17] The base is designed with several setbacks that, according to Gwathmey Siegel, "responds to the pedestrian scale of the street in the theater district".[16] Above ground level, there are two rectangular setbacks.[6] There is a double-height mechanical space on the fourth and fifth floors, with an outward curve toward Broadway; this delineates the transition between the base and tower.[6][18][19] The mechanical space's facade contains ventilation and heating grilles rather than windows.[19] The tower section is aligned with 47th and 48th Streets, which run parallel to the street grid.[14][15][16]

Weather display at the base

The base is covered in glass and metal, with dark-glass panels hiding the signage behind them.[15][20] Artkraft Strauss Sign Corporation manufactured the signs on the base,[7][21] which were included to comply with city regulations.[22][23] Ten dark-glass "fins" protrude over the sidewalk on Broadway, each containing one of the characters "1585 B'way".[7][18][24] Each storefront has signs identifying the retailer there.[16] Three horizontal boards are placed above the fourth-story setback, displaying financial quotations and news.[16][7][22] Each board is 140 ft (43 m) wide and 10 to 12 ft (3.0 to 3.7 m) high;[7][9][24] the boards constitute a large ticker tape.[25][26] Two additional signs at the corners, measuring 30 by 60 ft (9.1 by 18.3 m), display market information. At Broadway's corners with 47th and 48th Streets, there are curved signs measuring 44 ft (13 m) tall, which display the current time in cities around the world. Morgan Stanley's name is only displayed at the corners, with 7 in-high (18 cm) letters.[7][23][9]

The tower's facade is mostly a glass curtain wall[14][18][20] with facade panels designed by PPG.[15] The tower section contains silver aluminum spandrel panels at the corners. On the upper stories, the corners are notched inward and contain mirrored-glass panels. The remainder of the facade is made of panels that are either white, blue-green, or mirrored glass.[6][15] These panels are framed by nearly invisible mullions.[19] The facade panels appear in different colors under different lighting conditions.[14][19] According to a book about Gwathmey Siegel's architecture, these materials were meant to create "images of both opacity and reflectivity, creating a simultaneous sense of fluidity and permanence".[6] The roof is pitched on four sides, a modification of a mansard roof design, but with four backlit panels.[6] Architectural critic Paul Goldberger described the roof as a "cross between a gabled roof and a cut-off pyramid".[15]

Features

The building has 1.3 million square feet (120,000 m2) of gross floor area.[6][27] Because of zoning rules, there is no office entrance on Broadway, as that frontage is taken up by shops.[28] Gwathmey Siegel designed the original lobby in 1990 as well as the executive suite of Morgan Stanley in 1995.[29] Gensler designed the remainder of the offices.[30][31]

Lobby and basements

The lobby connects the entrances on 47th and 48th Streets.[15][28][32] It is a privately owned public space measuring 100 by 60 ft (30 by 18 m).[28] The lobby is part of a corridor of privately owned public spaces connecting 44th to 49th Streets. The other spaces on this corridor are Shubert Alley, a passageway under the New York Marriott Marquis, the lobby of the Hotel Edison, and a driveway under the Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan.[33]

The lobby contains a marble floor with white, dark-green, and black tiles arranged in a geometric pattern.[19][28] The walls are made of gray granite with dark green marble strips.[28] One wall curves inward to give the impression that it is shorter than it actually is.[28][34] The lobby ceiling is made of wood and is supported by two large columns.[15][35] The ceiling is arranged in a grid,[28] with rectangular coffers measuring 5 ft (1.5 m) wide.[17] There are incandescent lamps with reflectors within the ceiling, creating what Architectural Lighting magazine described as a "luminous" effect.[34] Stephen Margulies designed the lobby lighting.[34][36]

Behind a glass wall, the lobby contains escalators to a 500-seat dining room in the basement.[17][37] An overpass passes above the dining-room escalators.[18] The dining room was built in 1995; it was originally storage space and was not connected to the lobby.[27][29] The lobby and dining room collectively measure 29,000 sq ft (2,700 m2).[29] The sub-basement was originally used by law firm Proskauer Rose, whose chairman Alan S. Jaffe euphemistically referred to the space as a "concourse".[31] Part of the sub-basement level became a law library in 2000; the space had 60,000 volumes and was staffed by 14 librarians, with capacity for 34 lawyers. The sub-basement also had locker rooms for the law firm's male and female employees. There are full-height frosted-glass panels, wooden decorations, and indirect lighting fixtures from the walls and ceiling. The space contains three concrete columns measuring 4 by 4 ft (1.2 by 1.2 m), which are covered with stainless-steel panels.[31]

Executive suite

Morgan Stanley's executive suite is on the 40th and 41st stories of the tower and covers 45,000 sq ft (4,200 m2).[29] It contains offices, dining rooms, meeting spaces, and boardrooms.[29][38] The foyer to the executive suite contains windows facing in three directions,[35] while the offices can accommodate 30 executives.[29] The suite is clad in granite and three types of wood;[35][39] architect Charles Gwathmey said this arose from Morgan Stanley's desire for "real materials".[39] Anigre is used for the foyer's walls. Mahogany is used for the steps of the double-width staircase connecting the two floors, as well as for ceiling grids, similar to those in the lobby. Ebonized cherry wood is used for doors and other fixtures.[40] The executive suite also contains a 35 ft-long (11 m) boardroom table, as well as various pieces of modern furniture. Some of the furniture is inspired by those at Frank Lloyd Wright's Coonley House.[30]

History

Times Square's Theater District had evolved into a business district after World War II.[41] Nonetheless, there were relatively few large developments there in the mid-20th century. Between 1958 and 1983, only twelve buildings with at least 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m2) of space were developed in the 114-block area between Sixth Avenue, Times Square, Eighth Avenue, and Columbus Circle.[42] 1585 Broadway was proposed in the 1980s, when there was high demand for office space in New York City.[43] Husband-and-wife team David and Jean Solomon had become involved in acquiring and residential structures in Manhattan during the late 1970s, moving on to office buildings in the following decade.[44] The Solomons decided to develop two structures on Times Square's northern periphery in the late 1980s: 750 Seventh Avenue and 1585 Broadway.[44][43] Both of these structures were developed speculatively without a commitment from a specific tenant.[45][46]

Development

Seen from street level at 47th Street

The Solomons acquired the Strand Theatre and Leighton's Haberdashers and Clothiers in 1986, with plans to build a 40-story tower on the two sites. This was one of several developments planned for Times Square at that time.[5] The New York City Planning Commission (CPC) was considering enacting regulations that would have forced new buildings along Times Square's northern section to include bright signage as well as deep setbacks.[47] David Solomon opposed these regulations on the basis that they were to be indiscriminate, "without thought of how to apply them to those new buildings architecturally".[5] Leighton's closed in December 1986 to make way for the tower.[48] To attain additional floor area, Solomon Equities purchased the Barrymore Theatre's unused air development rights from the Shubert Organization.[49] In total, the structure would have 1.2 million square feet (110,000 m2).[50]

Engineering consultant Irwin Cantor devised two plans for the building's superstructure: a tubular frame and a megastructure.[10] By mid-1987, Morgan Stanley was negotiating with Solomon Equities for space in the proposed tower.[51][52] Morgan Stanley executives did not like the prospect of seeing bright signage outside their windows,[52][53] and the deal fell through for that reason.[53][54][55] The Solomons decided to proceed with the tower anyway.[50] The supply of office space in New York City was starting to outpace demand by then.[54][56] Demolition of the site was underway by mid-1987.[53] The CPC approved a planning regulation in September 1987, which required large new developments in Times Square to set aside about 5 percent of their space for "entertainment uses", such as broadcast studios or ground-floor stores.[57] While 1585 Broadway was planned entirely as an office building,[58] it had retail space on Broadway to comply with this rule.[28] The ordinance also required the developers of such buildings to install large signs facing Times Square;[59] the Solomons modified their plans as a result.[60]

The aftermath of Black Monday had resulted in the New York City office market dropping sharply, but the office market was recovering by 1988.[61][62] Law firm Proskauer Rose leased 426,000 sq ft (39,600 m2) at 1585 Broadway that August,[63][64][65] with officials citing cheaper rents and newer mechanical systems in their decision.[66][67] Proskauer Rose was one of several law firms leasing office space around Times Square at the time,[66][68] and developers such as Solomon Equities were offering large incentives for these companies.[65][69] The next year, Solomon Equities unsuccessfully attempted to convince the Chemical Bank to lease space at either 1585 Broadway or 750 Seventh Avenue.[70] The News Corporation also considered leasing the rest of 1585 Broadway,[71][72] along with space in 750 Seventh Avenue.[71] David Solomon severed negotiations in mid-1989 because he felt that News Corp would not pay enough rent.[73][74] News Corp ultimately canceled the negotiations altogether the next year, amid steep increases in interest rates.[75][76] Solomon Equities hired Lois Pitts to market its new Times Square buildings.[77]

Completion and insolvency

Difficulties

Signage at the base on Broadway

1585 Broadway was completed in 1990 for $300 million.[78] This coincided with the beginning of the early 1990s recession, when 14.5 percent of Manhattan office space was vacant.[79] Furthermore, some 9 million square feet (840,000 m2) of office space in the western section of Midtown had been developed in the 1980s, of which only half had been leased.[80][81] By March 1990, David and Jean Solomon had not been able to sign any other tenants besides Proskauer Rose for either of their Times Square buildings.[82][b] Their Times Square skyscrapers, as well as a third project at 712 Fifth Avenue, were almost nearly empty.[84][85] Proskauer Rose occupied 11 of the 42 floors at 1585 Broadway,[86][87] taking up 365,000 sq ft (33,900 m2).[31][37] The rest of the building, covering 944,400 sq ft (87,740 m2), remained available for lease in mid-1990.[88] Since the structure was less than half occupied, the Solomons were not required to operate the exterior signs.[89] As part of the Industrial and Commercial Incentive Program, which automatically distributed tax abatements to developers of industrial or commercial buildings in certain areas of New York City, the building also received a municipal tax abatement that lowered its tax bill by several million dollars.[90]

A consortium of Swiss Bank Corporation, Bank of Montreal, and Toronto-Dominion Bank had given a first mortgage of $320 million, and Swiss Bank also made a $50 million subordinated loan.[86][91] Other debt included $40 million owed to the European American Bank (EAB) and $17.5 million owed to the Commercial Bank of Kuwait.[86][92] The first difficulties with the building's finances arose in September 1990, when the Solomons neglected to pay $46.425 million to the three first-mortgage lenders. The Solomons subsequently missed an interest payment that December, and debts accumulated to the point where Consolidated Edison shut off the building's heat service in early 1991.[86] The Solomons were in default by that February, but the lenders were unable to press their claims.[86][91] EAB successfully sued the Solomons in June 1991 for failure to pay back the loan,[93] and several of the building's construction contractors filed mechanics' liens against the property throughout mid-1991.[86]

Furthermore, Proskauer Rose did not pay rent for two years because the Solomons had promised $25 million of improvements and provided a work letter that exempted the tenant from paying rent until October 1991.[86] Proskauer Rose decided not to pay its $453,606 monthly rent even when it came due, citing the fact that the Solomons had not made improvements to the building. Among the issues were faulty elevators, an unfinished facade, non-functional mechanical systems, and the fact that the driveway was not staffed 24 hours a day. At one point, Proskauer Rose paid the electric bill at the last minute before 1585 Broadway's power supply was about to be shut off. The law firm was paying for the building's utilities, insurance premiums, and security guards from their own budget,[86] then credited these costs against its rent charges.[94] By December 1991, Bank of Montreal and Toronto-Dominion Bank were considering foreclosing on the building. The debt had increased to $340 million by then.[87]

Chapter 11 filing

View from 47th Street and Broadway

At the end of December 1991, Solomon Equities filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy petition for 1585 Broadway,[92][95][96] having not signed a single tenant for the building in the previous three years.[95] In that time, the building's only tenant, Proskauer Rose, had never paid rent.[86] 1585 Broadway had $231 million in assets and $482 million in debt, and it was losing $1.9 million monthly.[92][95] As a result of the Chapter 11 filing, the foreclosure proceedings on the building were placed on hold,[86] and David Solomon was relieved of his duty to pay $3.4 million in property taxes.[97] Proskauer Rose then sued the Solomons, as well as the eight banks that held the building's debt, for not having finished the building. The parties were forming a settlement by April 1992.[98]

The lenders could not agree on the terms of the restructuring, and more than five prospective tenants were turned away as a result.[91] The lenders had arranged to sell 1585 Broadway to Primerica Corporation, which would have relocated its stock brokerage division, Smith Barney, Harris Upham & Company, into the building.[43][99][100] The deal collapsed when Primerica acquired another brokerage, Shearson, and began laying off Smith Barney workers, making the additional space unnecessary.[101] In another case, the Internal Revenue Service was looking to lease a 240,000 sq ft (22,000 m2) Midtown office, but 1585 Broadway's bankruptcy dissuaded the IRS from leasing there.[102] The lenders' acrimonious negotiations also turned away financial-services company Mastercard, which was looking for a new Manhattan headquarters in late 1992 and had identified four buildings, including 1585 Broadway, as possible locations.[103]

In 1993, the lenders hired Hines Interests Limited Partnership to manage the property.[78][100] The bankruptcy courts approved a plan to reorganize 1585 Broadway in March 1993. The lenders began looking for a buyer for the entire building. Despite Solomon's negotiations with several potential small tenants, the lenders did not even want to show the building to anyone other than a large tenant.[104] Furthermore, the lenders wanted $150 million for the property, which had to be sold before the building exited Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in September 1993. This was much less than the $400 million debt on the building, but it was very high for any investor who was buying the structure speculatively. Among the potential bidders were the Reliance National Insurance Company, which was seeking 250,000 sq ft (23,000 m2).[100] Morgan Stanley, the Quantum Fund, Milstein Properties, and Odyssey Partners all made bids of least $150 million.[105][106] All of the bids were sealed, so none of the competing bidders knew how much the others had paid.[107]

Morgan Stanley takeover

1990s

Windows at the building's base

The lenders sold 1585 Broadway to the high bidder, Morgan Stanley, for $176 million in August 1993.[78][105][108] This was about half what the building would have cost if it were newly built.[109][110] David Solomon said there was a "bittersweet irony" to the sale, as Morgan Stanley had negotiated for space when the building was first being developed.[78] The company had 4,590 workers in Manhattan at the time, having added 400 positions in the past two years.[111] Morgan Stanley had considered moving to Connecticut but had decided to stay in New York City after being offered $40 million in tax abatements.[108][110] A spokesman for Cushman and Wakefield said Morgan Stanley's purchase "gave people confidence that the financial community is staying in New York".[112] The deal continued a revival of Times Square, which had commenced with the previous year's acquisition of 1540 Broadway by entertainment conglomerate Bertelsmann.[109][113] Morgan Stanley's purchase showed that Manhattan's financial center was moving beyond its traditional nexus on Wall Street and the Financial District,[114] and it also signified that companies outside the entertainment industry could occupy office space in Times Square.[109]

1585 Broadway already had some space that could be used as trading floors, and the building's electrical system could support the high power requirements of workstations.[108] Morgan Stanley executives had also liked the building's column-free spaces.[115] The firm planned to use the second through sixth floors for its commodities, equities, fixed income, and forex divisions.[110] Even after the acquisition of 1585 Broadway, Morgan Stanley still needed around 250,000 sq ft (23,000 m2),[116] so it bought 750 Seventh Avenue in 1994.[117][c] Morgan Stanley was still required to place signs on the facade once the building was more than 50 percent occupied.[119] This time, Morgan Stanley executives saw the benefits of getting a deeply discounted space as outweighing the drawbacks of large signs.[55] 1585 Broadway's original architect, Gwathmey Siegel, designed a renovation for the building in 1994 and conducted the renovation the next year.[29] Signs were installed on the exterior;[7][9] the basement dining room and the executive suite were added;[18] and 2,000 trading desks were added across four stories.[120] Morgan Stanley also received a $100 million tax exemption after it purchased 1585 Broadway and 750 Seventh Avenue.[121]

Morgan Stanley began moving into 1585 Broadway in mid-1995,[21][122] relocating from 1251 Avenue of the Americas.[123] Within a year, retail tenants began filling the ground-floor space, including Sunglass Hut and Starbucks.[124][125] The building was also occupied by smaller tenants such as a charitable foundation administered by the estate of the late heiress Doris Duke.[126] Proskauer Rose continued to take up space in 1585 Broadway, as its lease ran for twenty years.[31] The law firm spent $4 million in 1996 to upgrade its technological equipment in 1585 Broadway.[127] Though Proskauer Rose and Morgan Stanley were the building's only office tenants, they occupied the entire building.[31] Morgan Stanley acquired Dean Witter Financial Services in 1997, and 1585 Broadway became part of Morgan Stanley Dean Witter's "midtown urban campus".[11] The firm of Brennan Beer Gorman Monk designed an information booth for Morgan Stanley Dean Witter within one of 1585 Broadway's storefronts in 1998. The booth consisted of a cube suspended 8 ft (2.4 m) above ground, with 18 screens, as well as a ticker above the floor.[128]

2000s–present

View at night

Proskauer Rose renovated the 19th floor in 2000, adding seven conference rooms and 49 offices by relocating its law library to the sub-basement. The law firm renovated the rest of its space shortly afterward.[31] Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, Morgan Stanley dispersed employees from its Times Square "campus" to reduce the risk created by concentrating of so many workers in a small area.[129][130][131] The building's lobby was also closed to the public for security reasons, despite being a privately owned public space that legally had to remain open.[33] To protect against vehicular attacks, Morgan Stanley installed planters outside 1585 Broadway in 2004.[132] Morgan Stanley began turning off the building's lights at night in 2005 to reduce the risk of migratory birds crashing into the facade.[133] The planters outside the building were removed in 2006; the New York City Police Department said that the barriers were ineffective at preventing vehicular attacks while also obstructing pedestrian flow.[134] The same year, Morgan Stanley bought a building at 522 Fifth Avenue and relocated its private wealth management and investment management divisions there.[135]

When Proskauer Rose's lease at 1585 Broadway expired in 2010, the firm sought to relocate to the nearby 11 Times Square rather than renew its lease at 1585 Broadway.[136][137] Morgan Stanley planned to move into the space Proskauer Rose had vacated.[137] There had been tension between the two tenants, since Proskauer Rose had occupied a comparatively small amount of space in the building while Morgan Stanley had used the structure as its headquarters.[138] The financial firm retained its banking and trading divisions in 1585 Broadway but occupied several other structures in the city.[139][d] The ground-floor storefront space was leased by tenants such as Skagen and Fossil Group.[8][140] Morgan Stanley then conducted renovations on 1585 Broadway during the mid-2010s, overhauling one floor at a time.[12][141] A 750 kW (1,010 hp) fuel cell was also installed at the building in 2016.[142]

By early 2017, Morgan Stanley contemplated relocating to the new Hudson Yards development.[12][141] The firm was also looking for other office space around Manhattan. Morgan Stanley stipulated that if it signed a lease with any landlord, then that landlord had to buy 1585 Broadway and 522 Fifth Avenue.[143][144] Morgan Stanley could not find a buyer for 1585 Broadway, though it did manage to sell 522 Fifth Avenue in 2020.[145] Morgan Stanley retained ownership of 1585 Broadway, even after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, when other companies were selling or subletting their space.[146][147]

Reception

According to architectural writer Robert A. M. Stern, 1585 Broadway's facade was "a welcome departure from the stone-clad Postmodern towers of the 1980s", and it earned many accolades.[37] Paul Goldberger wrote for The New York Times: "For this building has a real facade, designed to stand on its own, that looks reasonable even when not a square inch of the sign space is rented."[15][37] At the end of 1991, Goldberger dubbed 1585 Broadway as the "best nearly empty building of the year".[148] In 1992, Herbert Muschamp of the Times described 1585 Broadway as "a square chaperone dressed in starchy gray, peering down sternly at the indecorous doings in the street below".[149] Ada Louise Huxtable characterized the building as "a stunning event", saying the design "carries the sheer, sleek precision of the modernist curtain wall to new intricacy and richness".[37] Eve M. Kahn of The Wall Street Journal described 1585 Broadway as a "water-green, restrained corporate monolith".[150]

After the building was renovated, Stanley Abercrombie wrote for Interior Design magazine in 1996: "Above the signage area, the tower is a cool, symmetrical shaft [...] continuing the downstairs glitter with quiet composure".[38] Of the interior, Abercrombie wrote that Gwathmey Siegel had reconciled "a potentially overwhelming number of difficult and sometimes opposing demands into a work of architecture and interior design that appears seamless, coherent, and inevitable" while "making it all look easy".[36] When 3 Times Square was being built on the opposite end of Times Square in 1998, Muschamp wrote that 1585 Broadway was the only new building in the area that "has broken boldly out of the mold of commercial design" prior to 3 Times Square's construction.[151]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Some sources give the building's height as 41 stories.[9] Robert A. M. Stern incorrectly cited the height as 52 stories.[6]
  2. ^ The Solomons were able to sign a tenant for 750 Seventh Avenue in April 1990.[83]
  3. ^ The Wall Street Journal did not name 750 Seventh Avenue explicitly but said that the building was on Seventh Avenue and 49th Street and was developed by the Solomons. The newspaper also gives a conflicting figure of 200,000 sq ft (19,000 m2) for Morgan Stanley's space requirements.[117] Crain's New York mentioned both structures by name in 1995.[118]
  4. ^ Including 1 New York Plaza, 85 Broad Street, 750 Seventh Avenue, and 1221 Avenue of the Americas[139]

Citations

  1. ^ a b c "1585 Broadway". Emporis. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c "1585 Broadway". Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Archived from the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
  3. ^ a b c White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 301. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
  4. ^ a b c "1585 Broadway, 10036". New York City Department of City Planning. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c Gottlieb, Martin (November 1, 1986). "Surge of Times Sq. Projects Raises Questions on Effects". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006, p. 656.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Dunlap, David W. (April 30, 1995). "Along Times Sq., Signs of New Life Abound". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  8. ^ a b "1585 Broadway". TRD Research. March 13, 2019. Archived from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  9. ^ a b c d Henry, David (March 20, 1995). "Broadway Bound". Newsday. pp. 81, 85. ISSN 2574-5298. Archived from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  10. ^ a b Sims, Calvin (March 18, 1987). "Business Technology; Defying the Wind With Less Steel". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  11. ^ a b McDowell, Edwin (December 13, 2000). "Commercial Real Estate; Project Picks Up Where It Left Off a Decade Ago". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 3, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  12. ^ a b c Morris, Keiko; Hoffman, Liz (February 10, 2017). "Morgan Stanley Exploring Move to Manhattan's West Side". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  13. ^ Goldberger, Paul (January 30, 1987). "An Appraisal; New Times Sq. Zoning: Skyscrapers With Signs". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  14. ^ a b c d Stichweh, Dirk (2016). New York Skyscrapers. Prestel Publishing. p. 178. ISBN 978-3-7913-8226-5. OCLC 923852487.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i Goldberger, Paul (February 10, 1991). "Architecture View; In Times Square, Dignity by Day, Glitter by Night". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  16. ^ a b c d e Gwathmey Siegel, p. 1.
  17. ^ a b c Abercrombie 1996, p. 126.
  18. ^ a b c d e Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects (1998). Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects: Selected and Current Works. Master architect series III. Images Publishing. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-875498-74-1. Archived from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
  19. ^ a b c d e Nash, Eric (2005). Manhattan Skyscrapers. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-56898-652-4. OCLC 407907000.
  20. ^ a b Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006, pp. 656–657.
  21. ^ a b Lowry, Tom (July 31, 1995). "Bank's sign mixes neon and NASDAQ". New York Daily News. p. 190. ISSN 2692-1251. Archived from the original on March 17, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  22. ^ a b Marray, Michael (June 1995). "Morgan Stanley's sign of the times". Euromoney. No. 314. p. 7. ProQuest 198855972.
  23. ^ a b "Bright lights, big firm". Institutional Investor. Vol. 29, no. 4. April 1995. p. 14. ProQuest 221497983.
  24. ^ a b Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006, p. 659.
  25. ^ Gabriel, Frederick (April 21, 1997). "Companies show public profile in the latest sign of the times". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 13, no. 16. p. 43. ProQuest 219116079.
  26. ^ Kimmelman, Michael (December 31, 1996). "That Flashing Crazy Quilt of Signs? It's Art". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  27. ^ a b Gwathmey Siegel, p. 6.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h Kennedy, Shawn G. (August 5, 1990). "Elegant Lobbies to Lure Office Tenants". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g Abercrombie 1996, p. 131.
  30. ^ a b Abercrombie 1996, pp. 131–132.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g McDowell, Edwin (August 23, 2000). "Commercial Real Estate; Law Firm Is No Longer Lonely in Refurbished Tower on Times Square". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  32. ^ "1585 Broadway". Privately Owned Public Space (APOPS). January 11, 2019. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  33. ^ a b Chaban, Matt A. V. (September 7, 2015). "Unwelcome Mat Is Out at Some of New York's Privately Owned Public Spaces". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 22, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
  34. ^ a b c "Citations" (PDF). Architectural Lighting. Vol. 7, no. 3. July–August 1993. p. 40. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
  35. ^ a b c Gwathmey Siegel, p. 2.
  36. ^ a b Abercrombie 1996, p. 132.
  37. ^ a b c d e Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006, p. 657.
  38. ^ a b Abercrombie 1996, p. 128.
  39. ^ a b Abercrombie 1996, p. 130.
  40. ^ Abercrombie 1996, pp. 128–130.
  41. ^ Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1995). New York 1960: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial. New York: Monacelli Press. p. 441. ISBN 1-885254-02-4. OCLC 32159240. OL 1130718M.
  42. ^ Gottlieb, Martin (December 4, 1983). "Developers Looking West of Sixth Avenue". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  43. ^ a b c Deutsch, Claudia H. (May 2, 1993). "Waiting for Act 2 Around Times Square". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
  44. ^ a b Selvin, Barbara W. (November 21, 1988). "Up-and-Comers Keep Low Profile". Newsday. p. 139. ISSN 2574-5298. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  45. ^ Lueck, Thomas J. (September 19, 1990). "New York Developers Feel a Chill". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  46. ^ Sommerfield, Frank (December 18, 1990). "Hubby-wife developers on the ropes". New York Daily News. pp. 25, 27. ISSN 2692-1251. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  47. ^ Oser, Alan S. (December 14, 1986). "Perspectives: Great White Way; Planning for a Brighter Times Sq". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  48. ^ Dunlap, David W. (December 20, 1986). "Two Times Square Stalwarts Make Way for New Buildings; Colorful Haberdashery, After 67-years Stand on Broadway, Closes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  49. ^ Dunlap, David W. (November 22, 1987). "The Region; The City Casts Its Theaters In Stone". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  50. ^ a b Meislin, Richard J. (August 10, 1987). "Times Sq. Development: Boom of Private Projects". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 25, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  51. ^ McCain, Mark (May 10, 1987). "Voracious Space Demand: in the New York Region". The New York Times. p. RER42. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 110786288.
  52. ^ a b Lin, Jennifer (May 31, 1987). "The avenue they'll try to redo—Forty-second St". The Philadelphia Inquirer. pp. 189, 192. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  53. ^ a b c Selvin, Barbara W. (August 3, 1987). "The Changing Face of the Great White Way". Newsday. pp. 118, 125, 126. ISSN 2574-5298. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  54. ^ a b Sommerfield, Frank (May 4, 1987). "Breaking Up Is Hard on Us: Defections Spell Big Trouble for N.Y.'s Real Estate Market". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 3, no. 18. p. 1. ProQuest 219152832.
  55. ^ a b Merkel, Jayne (July–August 2000). "Times Square on the Record" (PDF). Oculus. Vol. 62, no. 10. American Institute of Architects New York. p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  56. ^ McCain, Mark (May 10, 1987). "Voracious Space Demand Meets a Surging Supply". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  57. ^ Dunlap, David W. (September 3, 1987). "New Rule for Times Sq. Space". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  58. ^ Oser, Alan S. (February 21, 1988). "Perspectives: Times Square; A Major Mall in a Broadway Building". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  59. ^ Lyons, Richard D. (December 27, 1989). "Real Estate; Mandating More Glitter On Times Sq". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  60. ^ McCain, Mark (April 9, 1989). "Commercial Property: Times Sq. Signage; A Mandated Comeback for the Great White". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  61. ^ McCain, Mark (October 16, 1988). "Commercial Property: A Year After the Crash, Climbing Back; Office Leasing Picking Up Pace in Manhattan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  62. ^ Berkowitz, Harry (August 15, 1988). "Market for Office Space Revives". Newsday. p. 122. ISSN 2574-5298. Archived from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  63. ^ "Proskauer Rose to Move To a New Office Building". Wall Street Journal. August 12, 1988. p. 1. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 398051597.
  64. ^ "West Side story". Newsday. August 12, 1988. p. 51. ISSN 2574-5298. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  65. ^ a b Barsky, Neil (August 12, 1988). "Go west, old law firm, to the West Side". New York Daily News. p. 45. ISSN 2692-1251. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  66. ^ a b McCain, Mark (July 3, 1988). "Commercial Property: Relocating Law Offices; Big Firms Head to Times Square Area to Expand". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  67. ^ Lebow, Joan (June 27, 1988). "Law Firms Wheeling West From Old Hubs". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 4, no. 26. p. 3. ProQuest 219163966.
  68. ^ Berkowitz, Harry (June 30, 1989). "After 140 Years, Lawyers on the Move". Newsday. pp. 63, 66. ISSN 2574-5298. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  69. ^ "Mini-Glut in Offices Leads To Some Dealing". Newsday. June 13, 1988. pp. 140, 147. ISSN 2574-5298. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  70. ^ Grant, Peter (September 18, 1989). "Chemical, Rock Center Might Make a Marriage". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 5, no. 38. p. 35. ProQuest 219119000.
  71. ^ a b Tamarkin, Roxanne (March 31, 1989). "Murdoch sets his sights on two midtown towers". New York Daily News. p. 38. ISSN 2692-1251. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  72. ^ Barsky, Neil (June 26, 1989). "Merrill Lynch's Back Office Operations May Be Moved to Lower Manhattan Site". Wall Street Journal. p. 1. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 398146990.
  73. ^ Lebow, Joan (June 28, 1989). "News Corp.'s U.S. Arm Ceases Talks On Lease With Manhattan Developer". Wall Street Journal. p. 1. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 398215089.
  74. ^ "Hold that move". New York Daily News. July 29, 1989. p. 68. ISSN 2692-1251. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  75. ^ Grant, Peter (August 6, 1990). "Businesses Hold Out for Lower Rents". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 6, no. 32. p. 1. ProQuest 219150066.
  76. ^ Adams, Anne L. (March 18, 1990). "Will Buildings Collapse? Not for Lack of Interest". New York Daily News. p. 134. ISSN 2692-1251. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  77. ^ Stevenson, Richard W. (August 16, 1988). "The Media Business: Advertising; Buildings to Lois Pitts". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  78. ^ a b c d Pacelle, Mitchell (August 12, 1993). "Morgan Stanley agrees to purchase Manhattan skyscraper for $176 million". Wall Street Journal. p. A2. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 398337051.
  79. ^ Light, Larry; Meehan, John (July 2, 1990). "Finance: real estate: the walls keep closing in on New York developers". Bloomberg Businessweek. No. 3167. p. 72. ProQuest 236695270.
  80. ^ Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006, p. 663.
  81. ^ Lueck, Thomas J. (March 4, 1990). "Battling for Tenants in a Slow Market". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
  82. ^ Selvin, Barbara (March 9, 1990). "Scruffy West 40s Now Dressing For Wreckers' Ball". Newsday. pp. 7, 32. ISSN 2574-5298. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  83. ^ Kleege, Stephen (April 25, 1990). "Deals: West Side Offices Leased in a Soft New York Market". The American Banker. p. 7. ProQuest 292927115.
  84. ^ Grant, Peter (June 25, 1990). "New Building Squeeze: Solomons at Risks". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 6, no. 26. p. 3. ProQuest 219132678.
  85. ^ Dunlap, David W. (February 17, 1991). "Commercial Property: 712 Fifth Avenue; High Hopes, and Vacancy, for a 4-Building Complex". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  86. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Dunlap, David W. (January 19, 1992). "Commercial Property: 1585 Broadway; Tracing the Path From Leasing Coup to Bankruptcy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  87. ^ a b Selvin, Barbara W. (January 23, 1992). "Tower Owners Go Bankrupt". Newsday. p. 51. ISSN 2574-5298. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  88. ^ Dunlap, David W. (August 26, 1990). "Commercial Property: Vacancy Rates; Black Monday's Fallout: An Emptiness Downtown". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 21, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  89. ^ Dunlap, David W. (June 2, 1991). "Commercial Property: Times Square Signs; Things That Go Blink in the Night". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  90. ^ Fee, Walter (December 17, 1991). "Getting All of the Breaks Plan gives tax relief to richest". Newsday. pp. 7, 94. ISSN 2574-5298. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  91. ^ a b c Grant, Peter (October 5, 1992). "Civil War Over 1585 Broadway: Creditors Dispute Points in Solomon Restructuring Plan". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 8, no. 40. p. 1. ProQuest 219127197.
  92. ^ a b c Kleege, Stephen (December 30, 1991). "New York Developer Files for Bankruptcy 'Prepackaged' Deal Arranged with Swiss Bank May Be Largest to Date Series: 5". The American Banker. ProQuest 292938053.
  93. ^ Steinmetz, Greg (June 7, 1991). "EAB's Judgment Day Hard-line bank wins battle with developers". Newsday. p. 112. ISSN 2574-5298. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  94. ^ Brooks, Andree (September 6, 1992). "Commercial Property: Troubled Office Tenants; When an Owner Defaults, What of Past Promises?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 6, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  95. ^ a b c Dunlap, David W. (December 31, 1991). "Owners of Times Sq. Tower Seek Bankruptcy Protection". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  96. ^ "Towering bankruptcy". New York Daily News. December 31, 1991. p. 533. ISSN 2692-1251. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  97. ^ Feiden, Douglas (March 2, 1992). "N.Y. to Go After Assets of Top Tax Delinquents". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 8, no. 9. p. 1. ProQuest 219175269.
  98. ^ Dunlap, David W. (April 23, 1992). "Manhattan Skyscraper Agreement". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 26, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  99. ^ "New York Office Market Has One Bright Spot". Wall Street Journal. March 29, 1993. p. B1. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 746859042.
  100. ^ a b c Grant, Peter (July 19, 1993). "Price tag daunting for Broadway tower". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 9, no. 29. p. 7. ProQuest 219175269.
  101. ^ Henry, David (April 19, 1993). "The Corporate Urge to Merge Brings With It the Need to Purge". Newsday. p. 35. ISSN 2574-5298. Archived from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  102. ^ Grant, Peter (October 5, 1992). "Recession Makes Strange Bedfellows: IRS Move Boosts Durst Site on 6th". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 8, no. 40. p. 15. ProQuest 219117413.
  103. ^ Deutsch, Claudia H. (June 20, 1993). "Commercial Property: Looking for the Right Space; Why Mastercard Stayed in Manhattan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 18, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  104. ^ "A Home-Run Deal Proves Elusive". The New York Times. May 2, 1993. p. R8. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 109194859.
  105. ^ a b Pinder, Jeanne B. (August 12, 1993). "Midtown Building Is Sold for Lofty $176 Million". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  106. ^ Henry, David (August 19, 1993). "Buying Big-Time Has skyscraper market hit bottom?". Newsday. pp. 37, 38. ISSN 2574-5298. Archived from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  107. ^ Deutsch, Claudia H. (August 29, 1993). "Commercial Property: Auctions; An Old Way of Selling Takes on New Respectability". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 17, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  108. ^ a b c Henry, David; Bruche, Daniel (August 12, 1993). "Morgan Stanley Picks Plum Buys bankrupt Times Square tower at deep discount". Newsday. pp. 39, 40. ISSN 2574-5298. Archived from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  109. ^ a b c Grant, Peter (September 6, 1993). "Times Square's time has come". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 9, no. 36. p. 11. ProQuest 219117979.
  110. ^ a b c Oser, Alan S. (November 14, 1993). "Perspectives; An Investment Firm Gives Its Regard to Broadway". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 17, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  111. ^ Grant, Peter (July 16, 1993). "Wall Street is increasing space, finally". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 9, no. 33. p. 1. ProQuest 219132666.
  112. ^ Deutsch, Claudia H. (September 12, 1993). "Commercial Property/Analyzing Trends; The Only Thing That's Clear Is the Lack of Clarity". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 18, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  113. ^ Gelbtuch, Howard (February 19, 1996). "The ground floor: The times they are a changin' in Times Square and early investors get bargains". Barron's. Vol. 76, no. 8. p. 48.1. ProQuest 200987811.
  114. ^ Lueck, Thomas J. (December 27, 1994). "Wall Street, No Longer Financial Epicenter, Struggles to Cling to Cachet". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 21, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  115. ^ Kennedy, Shawn G. (April 25, 1994). "New Tenants Around Times Square; Vacancies Drop as Businesses Find Space to Fit Their Needs". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 7, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  116. ^ Grant, Peter (February 21, 1994). "Met Life hawks tower to big broker, others". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 10, no. 8. p. 3. ProQuest 219178478.
  117. ^ a b Pacelle, Mitchell (March 28, 1994). "Morgan Stanley To Buy Tower In New York --- Midtown Site Would Be Just Around the Corner From New Home Office". Wall Street Journal. p. A9A. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 398496189.
  118. ^ Slatin, Peter (October 23, 1995). "Behind the Eighth ball: Many firms cheer new porn law, but landlords rely on trade's spoils". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 11, no. 43. p. 3. ProQuest 219167467.
  119. ^ Dunlap, David W. (February 6, 1994). "Signs Signal Both Profit and Controversy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 21, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  120. ^ Sales, Robert (August 1996). "Morgan's global technology drive hits Times Square". Wall Street & Technology. Vol. 8, no. 40. p. 14. ProQuest 206619878.
  121. ^ Bagli, Charles V. (November 1, 1997). "Reuters Given Big Tax Deal For Its Project In Times Square". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 25, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
  122. ^ Truell, Peter (September 7, 1995). "For Advisers, Turner Plan Is Already a Big Deal". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 26, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  123. ^ Oser, Alan S. (October 22, 1997). "Commercial Real Estate; Buildings Are Reshaped After Big Tenants Leave". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  124. ^ Deutsch, Claudia H. (March 10, 1996). "Commercial Property/Times Square;Those Retail Feet Are Dancing North of 42d Street". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 26, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  125. ^ Murtha, Kerry (March 11, 1996). "Times Square revs up". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 12, no. 11. p. 26. ProQuest 219130649.
  126. ^ Temes, Judy (April 28, 1997). "Duke foundation prepares to grant wishes". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 13, no. 17. p. 21. ProQuest 219175685.
  127. ^ Goldstein, Matthew (July 27, 1998). "Power lineup gets law firm off bench". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 14, no. 30. p. 4. ProQuest 219127516.
  128. ^ Rappaport, Nina (September 1998). "About to Play in the Neighborhood" (PDF). Oculus. Vol. 61, no. 1. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
  129. ^ Bagli, Charles V. (October 9, 2001). "Morgan Stanley Selling Nearly Completed Office Tower to Lehman for $700 Million". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  130. ^ Knox, Noelle; Moore, Martha T. (October 24, 2001). "'Wall Street' migrates to Midtown ; Terrorist attacks speed exodus of brokerages, investment banks from NYC financial district". USA TODAY. p. A.01. ProQuest 408881988.
  131. ^ Mearian, Lucas (March 4, 2002). "Financial Firms Plan Widely Dispersed IT Operations". Computerworld. IDG Enterprise. p. 7. ISSN 0010-4841. Archived from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  132. ^ Dunlap, David W. (September 23, 2004). "Adding Barricades, and Trying to Avoid the Feel of a Fortress". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 24, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  133. ^ Lee, Jennifer 8 (September 23, 2005). "Kill the Light, Save a Bird". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  134. ^ Buckley, Cara (October 7, 2006). "Security Barriers of New York Are Removed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  135. ^ Pristin, Terry (June 28, 2006). "Demand for Midtown Office Space Pushes Prices Up". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  136. ^ Bagli, Charles V. (May 8, 2010). "Lease Deal Near for Empty Times Square Tower". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  137. ^ a b Trianovski, Anton (May 24, 2010). "Commercial Property: For Office Market, It's All About Jobs --- Uptick in Hiring Boosts Leasing, but Outlook Remains Unclear; Putting More People in Same Space". Wall Street Journal. p. C24. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 312852506.
  138. ^ Sederstrom, Jotham (June 1, 2011). "East Side Law Firms Go West, as Far as Eighth Ave". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 7, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  139. ^ a b de la Merced, Michael J. (October 19, 2010). "Musical Chairs: Morgan Eyes Goldman's Old Building". DealBook. Archived from the original on January 5, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  140. ^ Salinger, Tobias (May 30, 2014). "Fossil and Skagen Sign New Times Square Leases". Commercial Observer. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  141. ^ a b "Morgan Stanley weighs move to Hudson Yards". The Real Deal New York. February 10, 2017. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  142. ^ "Bloom Energy to Install First−Ever Highrise Project at Morgan Stanley Global Headquarters in New York City". CNN. January 12, 2016. Archived from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  143. ^ "Morgan Stanley NYC Office | 1585 Broadway | 522 Fifth". The Real Deal New York. October 6, 2017. Archived from the original on January 1, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  144. ^ "Morgan Stanley Wants Its Next Landlord To Buy Its Current Offices". Bisnow. October 9, 2017. Archived from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  145. ^ "Aby Rosen's RFR to Buy Morgan Stanley's 522 Fifth Avenue". The Real Deal New York. March 17, 2020. Archived from the original on March 1, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  146. ^ Acitelli, Tom (March 22, 2021). "Morgan Stanley Planning 'Full Return' of Its Employees to Midtown HQ". Commercial Observer. Archived from the original on August 18, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  147. ^ "Morgan Stanley Plans "Full Return" to Office Post-Pandemic". The Real Deal New York. March 22, 2021. Archived from the original on June 18, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  148. ^ Goldberger, Paul (December 29, 1991). "It's a Fine Design and All, But That's Sure a Funny Name For a Building". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  149. ^ Muschamp, Herbert (August 6, 1992). "For Times Square, A Reprieve and Hope Of a Livelier Day". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  150. ^ Kahn, Eve M. (June 9, 1992). "Architecture: Empty New High-Rises Preserve Anarchy of Broadway". Wall Street Journal. p. A14. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 398261212.
  151. ^ Muschamp, Herbert (March 8, 1998). "Architectural Order Graces a Chaotic Hub". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022.

Sources

Read other articles:

Jackie (film 2016)

JackiePoster film JackieSutradara Pablo Larraín Produser Darren Aronofsky Scott Franklin Juan de Dios Larraín Mickey Liddell Ditulis oleh Noah Oppenheim PemeranNatalie PortmanGreta GerwigPeter SarsgaardMax CasellaBeth GrantBilly CrudupRichard E. GrantJohn HurtPenata musikMica LeviSinematograferStéphane FontainePenyuntingSebastián SepúlvedaPerusahaanproduksiBliss MediaFabulaProtozoa PicturesLD EntertainmentWild BunchWhy Not ProductionsDistributorSearchlight PicturesTanggal rilis 7 S...

 

Гондрексанж

ГондрексанжGondrexange   Країна  Франція Регіон Гранд-Ест  Департамент Мозель  Округ Саррбур-Шато-Сален Кантон Решикур-ле-Шато Код INSEE 57253 Поштові індекси 57815 Координати 48°41′06″ пн. ш. 6°55′42″ сх. д.H G O Висота 266 - 319 м.н.р.м. Площа 22,88 км² Населення 502 (01-2020[1]) ...

 

Чорноліська культура

Чорноліська культура Археологічні культури Східної та Центральної Європи в середині VIII століття до н. е. Чорноліська культура виділена синім кольоромРозташування УкраїнаЧас існування прибл. XI-VIII ст. до н. е.Попередня культура Білогрудівська культураҐава-голіград...

Sungai Tamborasi

Program PLN Peduli terhadap pengembangan Objek Wisata Sungai Tamborasi.[1] Mata air Sungai Tamborasi berasal dari gua bawah tanah dan langsung mengalir ke laut. Aliran sungai sulit terlihat saat air laut pasang yang tampak pada saat foto ini diambil. Sungai Tamborasi adalah sebuah sungai yang terletak di Kabupaten Kolaka, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. Sungai ini memiliki panjang 20 meter dan lebar 15 meter. Sungai tersebut diklaim sebagai sungai terpendek di Indonesia dan dun...

 

Gustavo Petro

President of Colombia since 2022 In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Petro and the second or maternal family name is Urrego. His ExcellencyGustavo PetroODB ODSC OYCOfficial portrait, 2022President of ColombiaIncumbentAssumed office 7 August 2022Vice PresidentFrancia MárquezPreceded byIván DuqueSenator of ColombiaIn office20 July 2018[a] – 20 July 2022In office20 July 2006 – 20 July 2010Mayor of BogotáIn office23 April 2014 ...

 

Attack of the Graske

This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (March 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 2005 Doctor Who interactive episodeAttack of the GraskeDoctor Who interactive episodeThe Graske claims another victim.CastDoctor David Tennant (Tenth Doctor) Companion The viewer Others Lisa Palfrey — Mum Nicholas Beveney — Dad Mollie Kabia — Girl James Harr...

The UnXplained

American TV series or program The UnXplainedGenreNon fictionTelevision documentaryPresented byWilliam ShatnerCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons6No. of episodes79ProductionProducersWilliam ShatnerKevin BurnsSusan LevanthalKim EganRob O'BrienRunning time60 minutesProduction companyPrometheus EntertainmentOriginal releaseNetworkHistoryReleaseJuly 19, 2019 (2019-07-19) –present The UnXplained is a television series on History that claims to explo...

 

Голубинская (Волгоградская область)

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Голубинская. СтаницаГолубинская 48°50′55″ с. ш. 43°34′00″ в. д.HGЯO Страна  Россия Субъект Федерации Волгоградская область Муниципальный район Калачёвский Сельское поселение Голубинское История и география Основ...

 

Astana Pro Team

Untuk the women's cycling team, lihat Astana BePink Womens Team. Astana Pro TeamInformasi umumKode UCIASTBasisKazakhstanDidirikan2007 (2007)StatusUCI ProTeamSepedaSpecializedPemegang jabatanManajerAlexander VinokourovRiwayat nama2007– Astana Pro Team 　 Kostum lbs Astana Pro Team (Kode tim UCI: AST) adalah sebuah tim balap sepeda jalan raya yang disponsori oleh Samruk-Kazyna, sebuah koalisi dari perusahaan milik negara dari Kazakhstan dan diberi nama sesuai dengan ibu kotanya yai...

Secretariat of Welfare (Mexico)

Social affairs ministry of Mexico The Secretariat of Welfare (Spanish: Secretaría de Bienestar) is the government department in charge of social development efforts in Mexico. The Secretary of Welfare is a member of the Executive Cabinet, and is appointed at the discretion of the President of the Republic. The Secretariat of Welfare aims to eliminate poverty through comprehensive, collectively responsible human development, achieve adequate levels of well-being with adjustment to government ...

 

Manne Lavås

Swedish speed skater Manne LavåsPersonal informationBorn21 February 1944 (1944-02-21) (age 79)Göteborg, SwedenHeight182 cm (6 ft 0 in)Weight71 kg (157 lb)SportSportSpeed skatingClubIFK GöteborgAchievements and titlesPersonal best(s)500 m – 40.5 (1968)1000 m – 1:24.5 (1968)1500 m – 2:06.2 (1968)5000 m – 7:53.3 (1968)10000 m – 17:24.8 (1964) Sven Manne Lavås (born 21 February 1944) is a retired Swedish speed skater. He competed in the 500 m and 1...

 

Isaac Herzog

Penyuntingan Artikel oleh pengguna baru atau anonim untuk saat ini tidak diizinkan.Lihat kebijakan pelindungan dan log pelindungan untuk informasi selengkapnya. Jika Anda tidak dapat menyunting Artikel ini dan Anda ingin melakukannya, Anda dapat memohon permintaan penyuntingan, diskusikan perubahan yang ingin dilakukan di halaman pembicaraan, memohon untuk melepaskan pelindungan, masuk, atau buatlah sebuah akun. Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang kepala Partai Buruh Israel. Untuk kakeknya, Ke...

العلاقات الأفغانية الناوروية

العلاقات الأفغانية الناوروية أفغانستان ناورو   أفغانستان   ناورو تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الأفغانية الناوروية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين أفغانستان وناورو.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه ال...

 

José Alejandro Bernales

José Alejandro Bernales José Alejandro Bernales Ramírez (January 29, 1949 – May 29, 2008) was the General director of the Carabineros de Chile from November 27, 2005 until his death on May 29, 2008. He was also the first President of Ameripol. He died in a helicopter crash in Panama City along with three other police officials, two spouses, and five Panamanians. After his death he was called The People's General. He was replaced by Eduardo Gordon.[1] His wife Teresa Bianchini als...

 

Славсько (Україна)

селище Славсько Герб Славська Прапор Славська Країна  Україна Область Львівська область Район Стрийський район Громада Славська селищна громада Код КАТОТТГ UA46100210010024884 Основні дані Засновано 1014 Перша згадка 1483 (541 рік) Статус із 2024 року Площа 60 км² Населення ▬ 3537...

Anthony Elding

English footballer (born 1982) Anthony Elding Elding with Ferencváros in 2010Personal informationFull name Anthony Lee EldingDate of birth (1982-04-16) 16 April 1982 (age 42)Place of birth Boston, EnglandPosition(s) StrikerYouth career1993–1994 Nottingham Forest1994–1995 Lincoln City1996–1997 Grimsby Town1998–2001 Boston UnitedSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2001–2003 Boston United 37 (6)2001–2002 → Bedford Town (loan) 4 (1)2002–2003 → Gainsborough Trinity (loan) 1 ...

 

朗萨克

朗萨克Lansac 法國市镇 徽章朗萨克的位置 朗萨克显示法国的地图朗萨克显示吉伦特省的地图坐标：45°03′41″N 0°32′32″W / 45.0614°N 0.5422°W / 45.0614; -0.5422国家 法國大区 新阿基坦大区省 吉倫特省区布莱区面积1 • 市镇6 平方公里（2 平方英里）人口（2021年）[1] • 市镇674人 • 密度112人/平方公里（291人/平方...

 

جيمس سيرين

جيمس سيرين معلومات شخصيه اسم الولاده (بالانجليزى: James Burton Serrin)[1]  الميلاد 1 نوفمبر 1926 [2]  شيكاجو   الوفاة 23 اغسطس 2012 (86 سنة)[3][2]  مينيابوليس [1]  مواطنه امريكا   عضو فى الاكاديميه الوطنيه للعلوم ،  والاكاديميه الامريكانيه للفنون و العلوم  ...

Christiana (sancta ancilla)

Christiana (sancta ancilla) Res apud Vicidata repertae:Christiana (sancta ancilla): imago Nativitas: 296; CappadociaObitus: 27 Ianuarii 335; Bodbe Monastery Memoria thaumaturgus, Aequalis apostolis (feriae die 14 Ianuarii, 15 Decembris, Catholicismus, Christianitas Orthodoxa, 27 Ianuarii) Icona sanctae Christianae. Christiana, sancta et ancilla cognominata[1] (sive Nina sive Nunia; Georgice წმინდა ნინო, Graece Ἁγία Νίνα Ἰσαπόστολος) fuit sanct...

 

Аньхой

Аньхой Аньхой – Қытай Халық Республикасының Аньхой провинциясындағы қалалық аймақ. [1] Жер аумағы – 15.398 км². Халық саны – 5,59 млн адам. Аньцин қалалық аймағы 3 ауданға (Дагуань, Исю және Инцзян аудандары), 1 қалалық уезге (Тунчэн қалалық уезі), 7 уезге (Ванцзян, Сусун, Тайх...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!