XHTML

Voorbeeld van XHTML.

XHTML (Engelse afkorting vir eXtensible HyperText Markup Language) is 'n taal wat die struktuur van dokumente spesifiseer. XHTML word veral vir die stoor en oordrag van webblaaie op die Wêreldwye Web gebruik.

HTML is voor die koms van HTML5 op die SGML-standaard gebaseer. XHTML kan dieselfde inligting as HTML enkodeer, maar is op die strenger XML-standaard gebasser. As gevolg van die lakse aard van HTML, was daar onduidelikheid en inkonsekwenthede rakende die hantering van foute in 'n HTML-dokument. XHTML was 'n poging om hierdie die hoof te bied, en om sommige van die voordele van XML-tegnologieë te ontsluit vir die web. Voorbeelde van voordele wat spruit uit die gebruik van XML sluit in:

  • Die gebruik van naamruimtes. Gevolglik kan ander XML-standaarde se inligting maklik ingebed word, bv. SVG en MathML.
  • Die gebruik van 'n gewone XML-ontleder wat beter gespesifiseerde gedrag het wanneer foute teëgekom word.
  • Die moontlikheid om ander XML-sagteware en -tegnologieë te kan gebruik, bv. vir redigering, omskakeling, validering, ens.

Met die koms van HTML5 is 'n klomp van die onduidelikhede in die ontleding van HTML-dokumente egter duideliker gespesifiseer.

Verskille

Sommige verskille word hier uitgebeeld:

In XML (en gevolglik XHTML) moet alle etikette gesluit word. Die HTML-kode vir 'n lynbreuk (line break) is: 

<br>

Die regte XHTML-kode is: 

<br />

Verduideliking: Die lynbreuk-etiket in die HTML-voorbeeld is nie afgesluit nie. Die reël in XHTML is dat etikette wat nie afgesluit word nie hulself moet afsluit. Hierdie etikette word leë etikette genoem. Nog 'n leë etiket is <hr /> wat 'n horisontale lyn vertoon.

Verder is XML (en gevolglik XHTML) kassensitief, d.w.s. dat die gebruik van hoofletters en kleinletters by etikette en attribute nie uitruilbaar is nie.

Sommige attribute in HTML kan afgekort word sonder dat 'n waarde gespesifiseer word. Só word 'n verstekwaarde toegeken. In HTML kan hierdie kode dui op 'n inskrywing in 'n keuselys wat die verstekkeuse is: 

<option selected>

In XHTML moet die attribuutwaarde eksplisiet gespesifiseer word: 

<option selected="selected">


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