Suid-Rhodesië

Colony of Southern Rhodesia
Kolonie van Suid-Rhodesië



1923 — 1953
1963 — 1965
1979 — 1980



Vlag Wapenskild
Vlag Wapen
Volkslied: God Save the Queen
Ligging of Suid-Rhodesië
Ligging of Suid-Rhodesië
Suid-Rhodesië op die gebied van Zimbabwe
Hoofstad Salisbury
Taal/Tale Engels (amptelik), Shona, Noord-Ndebele, Afrikaans
Regering Monargie
Koning
 - 1923–1936 George V
 - 1936 Edward VIII
 - 1936–1952 George VI
 - 1952–1980 Elizabeth II
Goewerneur
 - 1923–1928 John Robert Chancellor
 - 1959–1969 Humphrey Gibbs
 - 1979–1980 Christopher Soames
Eerste Minister
 - 1923–1927 Charles Coghlan
 - 1927–1933 Howard Unwin Moffat
 - 1933–1953 Godfrey Huggins
 - 1964–1979 Ian Smith
Historiese tydperk Koue Oorlog
 - BSAC-handves onderteken 1889
 - Selfregerende kolonie 1 Oktober 1923
 - Federasie 1953–1963
 - Onafhanklikheid verklaar 11 November 1965
 - Republiek verklaar 3 Maart 1970
 - Zimbabwe-Rhodesië 1 Junie 1979
 - Onafhanklikheid 17 April 1980
Oppervlakte
 - 1904[1] 372 518 km2
143 830 sq mi
Bevolking
 - 1904[1] skatting 605 764 
     Digtheid 1,6 /km² 
4,2 /sq mi
Geldeenheid Suid-Rhodesiese pond
Rhodesiese pond
Rhodesiese dollar

Suid-Rhodesië (Engels: Southern Rhodesia, amptelik Kolonie van Suid-Rhodesië, Engels: Colony of Southern Rhodesia; vernoem na Cecil Rhodes) was tot en met die ontbinding van die Sentraal-Afrikaanse Federasie aan die einde van 1963 die naam van die teenswoordige Zimbabwe. Van 1964 tot onafhanklikwording in 1980 het die land as Rhodesië bekend gestaan. Sir Leander Starr Jameson het in 1895 die naam Rhodesië aan die gebied gegee ter ere van Cecil John Rhodes. Groot-Brittanje het die gebied in 1923 geannekseer en dit so genoem om dit te onderskei van die teenswoordige Zambië, wat in daardie jaar Noord-Rhodesië geword het. Garfield Todd was die Eerste Minister van Suid-Rhodesië vanaf 1953 tot 1958 maar vanaf 1953 was Suid-Rhodesië deel van die Sentraal-Afrikaanse Federasie.

Die regering van die wit minderheid het egter in 1965 'n eensydige verklaring van onafhanklikheid , die sogenaamde Unilateral Declaration of Independence ( (UDI) uitgereik en daardeur Rhodesië gevestig, 'n nie-erkende staat. In 1979 is Rhodesië weer onder "inheemse Afrika"-bewind as Zimbabwe-Rhodesië gekonstitueer, wat ook nie oorseese erkenning kon bekom nie. Na 'n periode van tussentydse Britse beheer na die Lancaster House-ooreenkoms in Desember 1979, het die land in April 1980 internasionaal erkende onafhanklikheid as Zimbabwe verkry.

Oorsprong van naam Rhodesië

Aanvanklik is na die gebied verwys as "South Zambezia", 'n verwysing na die Zambezirivier, totdat die naam "Rhodesia" in 1895 in gebruik was. Dit was ter ere van Cecil Rhodes, die Britse koningkryk-bouer en sleutelfiguur tydens die Britse uitbreiding na Suider-Afrika. In 1888 het Rhodes minerale regte van die magtigste plaaslike tradisionele leiers verkry deur verdrae soos die Rudd-konsessie en die Moffat-verdrag, wat deur koning Lobengula van die Ndebele-volk onderteken is. Die "Suid" is in 1898 vir die eerste keer gebruik en het in 1964 met die instelling van die Federasie van Rhodesië en Nyasaland verdwyn. "Rhodesië" het toe die naam van die land gebly tot die ontstaan van Zimbabwe-Rhodesië in 1979. Vanuit die Britse perspektief is die naam Suid-Rhodesië egter wettiglik gebruik tot 18 April 1980, toe die Republiek van Zimbabwe afgekondig is.

Bronne

  • Rosenthal, Eric, Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa, Juta and Company Limited, Kaapstad en Johannesburg, 1978.
  • Shutt, Allison K. (2015). Manners Make a Nation: Racial Etiquette in Southern Rhodesia, 1910–1963. Rochester: University of Rochester Press.
  • Blake, Robert (1978). A History of Rhodesia. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-48068-6.

Verwysings

  1. "Census of the British empire. 1901". Openlibrary.org. 1906. p. 177. Besoek op 26 Desember 2013.

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