Konstruktivisme (internasionale betrekkinge)

Konstruktivisme in internasionale betrekkinge is 'n sosiale teorie wat beweer dat beduidende aspekte van internasionale betrekkinge deur faktore gekoppel aan idees gevorm word.^[1][2][3] Die belangrikste idees is dié wat gesamentlik gehulgig word; hierdie kollektief behou oortuigings gekonstrueer deur die belange en identiteite van die akteurs.^[4][3]

In teenstelling met ander prominente internasionale betrekkinge benaderings en teorieë (soos realisme en rasionele keuse), sien konstruktiviste identiteite en belange van akteurs as sosiaal gekonstrueerd en veranderlik; identiteite is nie staties nie en kan nie ekstern aangeneem word nie.^[5][2][6][7] Soortgelyk aan rasionele keuse maak konstruktivisme nie breë en spesifieke voorspellings oor internasionale betrekkinge nie; dit is 'n benadering tot die bestudering van internasionale politiek, nie 'n substantiewe teorie van internasionale politiek nie.^[8][9][10] Konstruktivistiese ontledings kan eers substantiewe verklarings of voorspellings verskaf sodra die relevante akteurs en hul belange geïdentifiseer is, asook die inhoud van sosiale strukture.^[11]

Die hoofteorieë wat met konstruktivisme kompeteer is variante van realisme, liberalisme en rasionele keuse wat materialisme beklemtoon (die idee dat die fisiese wêreld politieke gedrag op sy eie bepaal), en individualisme (die idee dat individuele eenhede apart van die breër sisteme bestudeer kan word waarin hulle ingebed is).^[12] Terwyl ander prominente benaderings mag in materiële terme konseptualiseer (bv. militêre en ekonomiese vermoëns), sien konstruktivistiese ontledings ook mag as die vermoë om die aard van sosiale verhoudings tussen akteurs te struktureer en daar te stel.^[13][10]

Verwysings

1. Finnemore, Martha; Sikkink, Kathryn (2001). "Taking Stock: The Constructivist Research Program in International Relations and Comparative Politics". Annual Review of Political Science. 4 (1): 391–416.
2. Barnett, Michael L. (2018). Gheciu, Alexandra; Wohlforth, William C (reds.). "Constructivism". The Oxford Handbook of International Security (in Engels). pp. 85–99. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777854.013.7. ISBN 978-0-19-877785-4. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 6 September 2018.
3. Wendt, Alexander (1999). Social Theory of International Politics (in Engels). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–4. ISBN 978-0-521-46960-9.
4. Finnemore, Martha; Sikkink, Kathryn (2001). "Taking Stock: The Constructivist Research Program in International Relations and Comparative Politics". Annual Review of Political Science. 4 (1): 391–416.
5. Finnemore, Martha; Sikkink, Kathryn (2001). "Taking Stock: The Constructivist Research Program in International Relations and Comparative Politics". Annual Review of Political Science. 4 (1): 391–416.
6. Wendt, Alexander (1992). "Anarchy is what States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics". International Organization. 46 (2): 391–425. doi:10.1017/S0020818300027764. ISSN 0020-8183. JSTOR 2706858. S2CID 221990913.
7. John Gerard Ruggie (1998). "What Makes the World Hang Together? Neo-utilitarianism and the Social Constructivist Challenge". International Organization. 52 (4): 855–885. doi:10.1162/002081898550770. S2CID 144740155.
8. Finnemore, Martha; Sikkink, Kathryn (2001). "Taking Stock: The Constructivist Research Program in International Relations and Comparative Politics". Annual Review of Political Science. 4 (1): 391–416.
9. Fearon, James; Wendt, Alexander (2002), "Rationalism v. Constructivism: A Skeptical View", Handbook of International Relations (SAGE): pp. 52–72, doi:10.4135/9781848608290.n3, ISBN 9780761963059, https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/hdbk_intlrelations/n3.xml 
10. Hopf, Ted (1998). "The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory". International Security. 23 (1): 171–200. doi:10.2307/2539267. ISSN 0162-2889. JSTOR 2539267.
11. Finnemore, Martha; Sikkink, Kathryn (2001). "Taking Stock: The Constructivist Research Program in International Relations and Comparative Politics". Annual Review of Political Science. 4 (1): 391–416.
12. Finnemore, Martha; Sikkink, Kathryn (2001). "Taking Stock: The Constructivist Research Program in International Relations and Comparative Politics". Annual Review of Political Science. 4 (1): 391–416.
13. Barnett, Michael; Duvall, Raymond (2005). "Power in International Politics". International Organization (in Engels). 59 (1): 39–75. doi:10.1017/S0020818305050010. ISSN 1531-5088. S2CID 3613655.