Musibah Pulau Three Mile

Presiden Jimmy Carter meninggalkan Pulau Three Mile ke Middletown.

Musibah Pulau Three Mile di Pennsylvania pada tanggal 28 Maret 1979 merupakan pencairan inti sebagian di Unit 2 (reaktor air bertekanan yang diproduksi oleh Babcock & Wilcox) di PLTN Pulau Three Mile di Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, dekat Harrisburg. Sejumlah orang memandang musibah ini sebagai titik balik bagi industri nuklir di Amerika Serikat.[1] Musibah Pulau Three Mile merupakan yang terpenting dalam sejarah industri pembangkit nuklir AS, mengakibatkan pembebasan lebih dari 481 PBq (13 juta Curie) gas radioaktif, namun kurang dari 740 GBq (20 Curie) iodin-131 yang amat berbahaya.

Peristiwa yang menimbulkan krisis di PLTN Pulau Three Mile itu termasuk beberapa kegagalan peralatan kecil, dan kesalahan operator.[1] Musibah Pulau Three Mile banyak dipandang sebagai kegagalan manajemen krisis:[2]

Operator reaktor tak dilatih untuk menangani keadaan bahaya, dan Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) tak mengadakan komunikasi efektif dengan prasaranya. Apalagi, begitu bencana terjadi, jalur otoritas terbukti tak ditetapkan dengan baik. Khayalak menerima laporan yang saling bertentangan yang menyebabkan kepanikan dan evakuasi tak perlu. Kelemahan sistem pengaturan itulah yang menyebabkan orang membuat kesalahan.[2]

Sekitar separuh dari inti reaktor TMI-2 mencair, membebaskan banyak gas hidrogen ke sistem pendingin reaktor dan ke bangunan pengurungan. Untunglah, kerusakan serius itu tak menimbulkan jatuhnya korban jiwa, sebagian besar karena rancangannya yang kuat. Pembersihan TMI-2 terjadi dalam 11 tahun dan menghabiskan biaya sebanyak US$1 miliar.[1]

Bencana Pulau Three Mile menimbulkan kritik meluas atas teknologi nuklir, industri nuklir, dan NRC. Kritik menuding performa industri dan NRC yang buruk sebelum dan setelah musibah. Perhatian internasional melipatgandakan penentuan, dan meningkatkan kredibilitas gerakan anti-nuklir. Reaksi publik atas kejadian itu kemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh peluncuran (12 hari sebelum bencana) film berjudul The China Syndrome, menggambarkan musibah di reaktor nuklir. Tak dapat disangkal, industri nuklir AS tak pernah pulih.[3] Hal itu diikuti dengan terhentinya pembangunan ladang nuklir baru di AS.

Lihat pula

Rujukan

  1. ^ a b c Bernero, Robert M. March Madness (Book review) Diarsipkan 2007-08-08 di Wayback Machine. American Scientist, November–December 2004. Diakses 1 Februari 2008.
  2. ^ a b Wellock, Thomas R. Three Mile Island: A Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective (Book review) The Historian, 22 September 2005. Diakses 1 Februari 2008.
  3. ^ Barber, John F. Three Mile Island: A Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective (Review) Diarsipkan 2011-07-21 di Wayback Machine. Leonardo online, 1 December 2004. Diakses 1 Februari 2008.

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