László Bíró

László Bíró
Bíró, c. 1978
LahirLászló József Bíró
(1899-09-29)29 September 1899
Budapest, Austria-Hungaria
Meninggal24 Oktober 1985(1985-10-24) (umur 86)
Buenos Aires, Argentina
KebangsaanHungaria
Nama lainLadislas Jozsef Biro
Ladislao José Biro
Warga negaraHungaria, Argentina
Dikenal atasPenemu pulpen modern
Suami/istriElsa Schick
AnakMariana
Orang tuaMózes Mátyás Schweiger (ayah)
Janka Ullmann (ibu)

László József Bíró (bahasa Hungaria: Bíró László József, bahasa Spanyol: Ladislao Biro; 29 September 1899 – 24 November 1985) adalah penemu pulpen modern.[1] Produksi pulpen pertamanya ditampilkan pada suatu pameran internasional di Budapest, Hungaria pada tahun 1931.[2] Ciptaan ini dipatenkan di Paris pada 15 Juli 1938.[3]

Kehidupan

Pulpen birome pada iklan yang ditayangkan di majalah Argentina Leoplán tahun 1945.

Bíró terlahir dari keluarga Yahudi pada tahun 1899 di Budapest, Hungaria.[2] Ia kemudian bekerja sebagai wartawan. Sebagai seorang wartawan, ia mengamati bahwa tinta yang digunakan pada surat kabar dapat kering dengan cepat, sehingga kertas menjadi kering dan bebas dari kotoran karena tinta. Uji coba jenis tinta yang sama pada fountain pen (pena dengan tinta encer) ternyata gagal karena tinta tersebut tidak mau mengalir ke ujung pena karena masih terlalu pekat untuk pipa kapiler pena. Bersama saudaranya György,[1] seorang kimiawan, ia mengembangkan jenis ujung baru yang mengandung bola yang bebas berputar di dalam wadahnya; mengambil tinta dalam dari tempat tinta sewaktu berputar dan mengantar tinta ke atas kertas sewaktu berputar kembali.

Pada tahun 1943, Bíró dan György pindah ke Argentina setelah negara asalnya diduduki oleh kelompok Nazi.[3] Pada tanggal 10 Juni pada tahun tersebut, mereka mengklaim paten instrumen menulis yang diterbitkan Amerika Serikat sebagai US Patent 2,390,636,[4] dan membentuk kelompok Biro Pens of Argentina (dalam hal ini Biro adalah nama lain dari birome, istilah Argentina untuk pulpen). Di Britania Raya, produksi massal pulpen seperti ini dipakai untuk awak Angkatan Udara Britania Raya, karena desain pulpen ini dianggap lebih baik untuk dipakai selama terbang di udara dibandingkan pulpen encer konvensional.[5]

Pada tahun 1945, Marcel Bich membeli hak paten pulpen dari Bíró dan menjadikannya salah satu benda yang diproduksi perusahaan Société Bic miliknya.

László Bíró wafat di Buenos Aires, Argentina, pada tahun 1985. Negara ini pun menjadikan hari lahirnya sebagai Hari Penemu di negara tersebut.[6]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b Stoyles, Pennie; Peter Pentland (2006). The A to Z of Inventions and Inventors. hlm. 18. ISBN 1-58340-790-1. Diakses tanggal 2008-07-22. 
  2. ^ a b "Golyó a tollban - megemlékezés Bíró László Józsefről". Hungarian Patent Office (dalam bahasa Hungarian). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-03-05. Diakses tanggal 2008-07-22. 
  3. ^ a b Who was Ladislao José Biro, how did he invent the ballpoint pen and how did it help in World War II?
  4. ^ "US2390636 "Writing Instrument"" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2013-08-05. 
  5. ^ Bevan, Rob; Tim Wright (2004). Unleash Your Creativity: Secrets of Creative Genius. hlm. 82. ISBN 1-904902-17-0. Diakses tanggal 2008-07-22. 
  6. ^ "Well-known 20th and 21st century Hungarians". MTI – Hungarian News Agency Corp. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 9, 2008. Diakses tanggal 2008-04-28. 

Bacaan lebih lanjut

  • Bíró, Ladislao José: Una revolución silenciosa. Buenos Aires, 1969.
  • Bíró László József: Csendes forradalom. A golyóstoll regénye. Fordította Kóródy Tibor és Pálfi Lajos. (Rövidített kiadás.) Budapest, Európa Kiadó, 1975. ISBN 963-07-0174-X
  • Vámos Éva: Bíró László József. In: Magyarok a természettudomány és technika történetében. Budapest: OMIKK, 1986. 34–35. ISBN 963-593-024-0
  • Vámos Éva: Bíró László József. Budapest, Műszaki Könyvkiadó, 1997. ISBN 963-16-1312-7
  • Moldova György: A végtelen vonal. Legenda a golyóstollról. Budapest, ICO, 2001. ISBN 963-00-5711-5

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