James G. Blaine

The Honorable
James G. Blaine
The Honorable James G. Blaine
Sekretaris Negara Amerika Serikat ke-28 dan ke-31
	Masa jabatan; 7 Maret 1889 – 4 Juni 1892
Presiden	Benjamin Harrison
	Pendahulu; Thomas F. Bayard Pengganti; John W. Foster
	Masa jabatan; 7 Maret 1881 – 19 Desember 1881
Presiden	James A. Garfield; Chester A. Arthur;
	Pendahulu; William M. Evarts Pengganti; Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen
Senator Amerika Serikat ; dari Maine
	Masa jabatan; 10 Juli 1876 – 5 Maret 1881
	Pendahulu; Lot M. Morrill Pengganti; William P. Frye
Jurubicara Dewan Perwakilan AS 27
	Masa jabatan; 4 Maret 1869 – 4 Maret 1875
Presiden	Ulysses S. Grant
	Pendahulu; Theodore Medad Pomeroy Pengganti; Michael C. Kerr
Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat A.S.; dari dapil 3rd Maine
	Masa jabatan; 4 Maret 1863 – 10 Juli 1876
	Pendahulu; Samuel C. Fessenden Pengganti; Edwin Flye
Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Maine
	Masa jabatan; 1859–1862
Informasi pribadi
Lahir	James Gillespie Blaine; 31 Januari 1830; West Brownsville, Pennsylvania, AS
Meninggal	27 Januari 1893 (umur 62); Washington, D.C., AS
Partai politik	Republik
Suami/istri	Harriet Stanwood Blaine
Anak	Stanwood Blaine; Walker Blaine; Emmons Blaine; Alice Blaine Coppinger; James Blaine Jr; Margaret Blaine Damrosch; Harriet Blaine Beale;
Alma mater	Washington & Jefferson College
Profesi	Politik;
Tanda tangan
	Sunting kotak info • L • B

James Gillespie Blaine (31 Januari 1830 – 27 Januari 1893) adalah seorang negarawan dan politikus Partai Republik Amerika yang mewakili Maine dalam Dewan Perwakilan AS dari 1863 sampai 1876, menjabat sebagai Jurubicara Dewan Perwakilan AS dari 1869 sampai 1875, dan kemudian dalam Senat Amerika Serikat dari 1876 sampai 1881. Blaine dua kali menjabat sebagai Sekretaris Negara (1881, 1889–1892), salah satu dari hanya dua orang yang memegang jabatan tersebut di bawah tiga presiden terpisah (yang lainnya adalah Daniel Webster), dan gagal menjadi nominasi Partai Republik untuk jabatan presiden pada 1876 dan 1880 sebelum dinominasikan pada 1884. Dalam pemilihan umum, ia dikalahkan oleh Grover Cleveland dari Partai Demokrat. Blaine merupakan salah satu anggota Partai Republik akhir abad ke-19 dan juara faksi reformis moderat dari partai tersebut yang dikenal sebagai “Half-Breeds.”

Catatan

Referensi

Sumber

Buku

Blaine, James G. (1886). Twenty Years of Congress. 2. Norwich, Connecticut: The Henry Bill Publishing Company.
Calhoun, Charles William (2005). Benjamin Harrison. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6952-5.
Crapol, Edward P. (2000). James G. Blaine: Architect of Empire. Biographies in American Foreign Policy. 4. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources. ISBN 978-0-8420-2604-8.
Doenecke, Justus D. (1981). The Presidencies of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0208-7.
Healy, David (2001). James G. Blaine and Latin America. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 978-0-8262-1374-7.
Hoogenboom, Ari (1995). Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0641-2.
McClelland, William Craig (1903). "A History of Literary Societies at Washington & Jefferson College". The Centennial Celebration of the Chartering of Jefferson College in 1802. Philadelphia: George H. Buchanan and Company.
Muzzey, David Saville (1934). James G. Blaine: A Political Idol of Other Days. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company.
Nevins, Allan (1932). Grover Cleveland: A Study in Courage. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company.
Peskin, Allan (1978). Garfield: A Biography. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-210-6.
Reeves, Thomas C. (1975). Gentleman Boss: The Life of Chester A. Arthur. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-394-46095-6.
Rolde, Neil (2006). Continental Liar from the State of Maine: James G. Blaine. Gardiner, Maine: Tilbury House. ISBN 978-0-88448-286-4.
Rose, Anne C. (2001). Beloved Strangers: Interfaith Families in Nineteenth-Century America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-00640-9.
Russell, Charles Edward (1931). Blaine of Maine. New York: Cosmopolitan Book Corporation.
Smith, Jean Edward (2001). Grant. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-84927-0.
Socolofsky, Homer E.; Spetter, Allan B. (1987). The Presidency of Benjamin Harrison. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0320-6.
Summers, Mark (2000). Rum, Romanism & Rebellion: The Making of a President, 1884. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-2524-2.
Unger, Irwin (2008) [1964]. The Greenback Era: A Social and Political History of American Finance, 1865–1879. New York: ACLS Humanities. ISBN 978-1-59740-431-0.

Artikel

Green, Steven K. (January 1992). "The Blaine Amendment Reconsidered". The American Journal of Legal History. 36 (1): 38–69. doi:10.2307/845452. JSTOR 845452.
Pletcher, David M. (February 1978). "Reciprocity and Latin America in the Early 1890s: A Foretaste of Dollar Diplomacy". Pacific Historical Review. 47 (1): 53–89. JSTOR 3637339.
Rigby, Barry (May 1988). "The Origins of American Expansion in Hawaii and Samoa, 1865–1900". The International History Review. 10 (2): 221–237. doi:10.1080/07075332.1988.9640475. JSTOR 40105868.
Sewell, Mike (April 1990). "Political Rhetoric and Policy-Making: James G. Blaine and Britain". Journal of American Studies. 24 (1): 61–84. doi:10.1017/S0021875800028711. JSTOR 27555267.
Thompson, George H. (Spring 1980). "Asa P. Robinson and the Little Rock and Fort Smith Railroad". The Arkansas Historical Quarterly. 39 (1): 3–20. doi:10.2307/40023148. JSTOR 40023148.

Bacaan tambahan

Bastert, Russell H. (March 1956). "Diplomatic Reversal: Frelinghuysen's Opposition to Blaine's Pan-American Policy in 1882". The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 42 (4): 653–671. doi:10.2307/1889232. JSTOR 1889232.
Langley, Lester D. (1974). "James Gillespie Blaine: The Ideologue as Diplomat". Dalam Merli, Frank J.; Wilson, Theodore A. Makers of American Diplomacy: From Benjamin Franklin to Henry Kissinger. New York: Scribner. hlm. 253–278. ISBN 978-0-684-13786-5.
Makemson, Harlen (2004–2005). "One Misdeed Evokes Another: How Political Cartoonists Used "Scandal Intertextuality" Against Presidential Candidate James G. Blaine". Media History Monographs. 7 (2): 1–21.
Peskin, Allan (1979). "Blaine, Garfield and Latin America". Americas: a Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History. 36 (1): 79–89. doi:10.2307/981139. JSTOR 981139.
Tyler, Alice Felt (1927). The Foreign Policy of James G. Blaine. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.