Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

James Brooke

James Brooke
Raja Sarawak
Lukisan James Brooke pada tahun 1847
Berkuasa18 Agustus 1842 – 11 Juni 1868 (25 tahun, 298 hari)
Penobatan18 Agustus 1842
Rajah MudaCharles
Kelahiran29 April 1803
Secrore, Benares, India
Kematian11 Juni 1868(1868-06-11) (umur 65)
Burrator, Britania Raya
WangsaRaja Putih
AyahThomas Brooke

Sir James Brooke (29 April 1803 – 11 Juni 1868) adalah Raja Putih pertama Kerajaan Sarawak. Ayahnya bernama Thomas Brooke yang berkebangsaan Inggris, dan ibunya bernama Anna Maria yang dilahirkan di Hertfordshire yang merupakan putri dari seorang kolonel Skotlandia bernama William Stuart dan selirnya Harriott Teasdale. James Brooke dilahirkan di Secrore, pinggiran kota Benares, India pada tanggal 29 April 1803. James Brooke diangkat menjadi gubernur Sarawak dan diberi gelar Rajah oleh Sultan Brunei pada 18 Agustus 1842. Brooke hanya menguasai wilayah Sarawak yang paling barat, di sekitar Kuching. Ia berkuasa hingga kematiannya pada 11 Juni 1868. Dia dikenal sebagai Rajah Putih. Gelar ini diberikan oleh Sultan Brunei dan suku Iban di Kalimantan karena jasanya dalam membantu Brunei menghadapi pemberontakan saat itu. Gelar ini diresmikan pada 1841. Brooke dikirim ke Myanmar (Burma) dengan pasukan EIC pada 1825, terluka, kemudian dikirim ke Inggris untuk penyembuhan. Pada tahun 1830, ia kembali ke Madras, India untuk kembali bergabung dengan pasukan EIC.

Ia mencoba berdagang di Timur Jauh, tetapi tak sukses. Pada 1835, ayahnya meninggal dan mewariskan 30.000 poundsterling yang digunakannya untuk membeli kapal the Royalist. Ia kemudian merencanakan pelayaran ke Borneo, dan tiba di Kuching pada Agustus 1838. Di sana ia menyaksikan pemberontakan orang Dayak melawan Sultan Brunei. Ia kemudian menawarkan pertolongannya kepada Sultan, dan sebagai akibatnya diberi gelar Rajah Sarawak oleh sang Sultan yang berterima kasih (walau deklarasi resmi tak dibuat sampai 18 Agustus 1842).

Brooke mulai mendirikan dan mempererat kekuasaannya atas Sarawak; memperbaiki administrasi, menyusun hukum dan melawan perompakan yang menjadi persoalan terus menerus sepanjang pemerintahannya. Brooke kembali ke Inggris pada 1847 untuk sementara waktu, di sana ia diberi gelar "Freedom of the City" dari kota London, diangkat sebagai gubernur dan komisioner tinggi Labuan, konjen Inggris di Borneo dan dibentuklah KCB.

Brooke menjadi pusat kontroversi pada 1851 saat dakwaan perbuatan jahat terhadapnya membuat komisi kerajaan dibentuk di Singapura. Tuntutan itu tak terbukti namun tuduhan masih tetap membayangi Brooke.

Ia menguasai Sarawak sampai kematiannya pada 11 Juni 1868, setelah terkena 3 kali stroke lebih dari 10 tahun. Ia digantikan sebagai Rajah oleh keponakannya Charles Johnson Brooke.

Kisah keberanian James Brooke di Sarawak diceritakan dalam novel C. S. Godshalk Kalimantaan.

Referensi

A biography of Brooke is Emily Hahn, James Brooke of Sarawak (1953). He is treated in some detail in Robert Payne, The White Rajahs of Sarawak (1960), and Steve Runciman, The White Rajahs: A History of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946 (1960). Additional SourcesIngleson, John, Expanding the empire: James Brooke and the Sarawak lobby, 1839-1868, Nedlands, W.A.: Centre for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Western Australia, 1979. St. John, Spenser, Sir, The life of Sir James Brooke: rajah of Sarawak: from his personal papers and correspondence, Kuala Lumpur; New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Tarling, Nicholas, The burthen, the risk, and the glory: a biography of Sir James Brooke, Kuala Lumpur; New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Didahului oleh:
tiada
Raja Putih
1841-1868
Diteruskan oleh:
Charles Johnson Brooke

Read other articles:

Dutch politician (1937–2012) Hans van den DoelMember of the House of RepresentativesIn office23 February 1967 – 28 August 1973 Personal detailsBornJohannes van den Doel(1937-04-04)4 April 1937Zierikzee, NetherlandsDied28 March 2012(2012-03-28) (aged 74)Koudum, NetherlandsPolitical partyLabour PartyAlma materVrije Universiteit (MSc) Erasmus University Rotterdam (PhD)OccupationPolitician Economist Political scientist professor Teacher Author Johannes Hans van den Doel (4 April 19…

American racecar driver For other people named Herb Thomas, see Herbert Thomas (disambiguation). NASCAR driver Herbert ThomasBorn(1923-04-06)April 6, 1923Olivia, North Carolina, U.S.DiedAugust 9, 2000(2000-08-09) (aged 77)Sanford, North Carolina, U.S.Cause of deathHeart attackAchievements1951 NASCAR Grand National Series Champion 1953 NASCAR Grand National Series Champion 1951, 1954, 1955 Southern 500 Winner NASCAR's First Two-Time Champion Led Cup Series in Wins 3 times (1952, 1953, 1954) …

Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Cet article n’est pas rédigé dans un style encyclopédique (juin 2013). Vous pouvez améliorer sa rédaction ! Tout au long de l’histoire de l'architecture apparaissent des bâtiments contenant certains phénomènes acoustiques particuliers ou remarquables, souvent étonnants et parfois même spectaculaires. Les sons s’y comportent chaque fois de manière inhabituelle. Diverses configurations ou techniq…

1969 single by Elvis PresleyClean Up Your Own BackyardSingle by Elvis PresleyB-sideThe Fair's Moving OnReleasedJune 17, 1969RecordedOctober 23, 1968StudioUnited Artist Recorders, HollywoodGenreCountryLength3:06LabelRCA VictorSongwriter(s)Mac Davis, Billy StrangeElvis Presley singles chronology In the Ghetto (1969) Clean Up Your Own Backyard (1969) Suspicious Minds / You'll Think of Me(1969) Clean Up Your Own Backyard is a 1969 song recorded by Elvis Presley and released as a single. The song was…

American singer (born 1980) For other people with similar names, see Nick Carter (disambiguation). Nick CarterCarter at GalaxyCon Raleigh in 2023Born (1980-01-28) January 28, 1980 (age 43)Jamestown, New York, U.S.OccupationsSingermusicianactordancerYears active1989–presentSpouse Lauren Kitt Carter ​(m. 2014)​Children3RelativesLeslie Carter (sister; died 2012)Aaron Carter (brother; died 2022)Musical careerGenresPoppop rockR&BdanceInstrument(s)Vocalsgui…

Church in Brooklyn, United StatesSt. Ann's CathedralThe façade and bell tower of the former St. Ann's Cathedral in Manhattan.40°43′55.99″N 73°59′20.81″W / 40.7322194°N 73.9891139°W / 40.7322194; -73.9891139LocationNew York City:110 E. 12th St., Manhattan167 N. 6th St., BrooklynCountryUnited StatesDenominationArmenian Catholic ChurchHistoryFounded1983ArchitectureClosed2005AdministrationDioceseEparchy of Our Lady of Nareg St. Ann's Cathedral was an Armenian Cat…

Designated area for passengers to board or disembark busses For other uses, see Bus stop (disambiguation). A bus stop with information and routes of Bangkok Bus serviceMoments before the bus arrives, riders wait at SUNY PurchaseAn elderly woman waiting at a bus stop in Yorkshire, England A Bus stop in Bhubaneswar, India View from a bus stop in Haukilahti, Espoo, Finland Bus stop pole in Dublin, Ireland with various information A bus stop is a place where buses stop for passengers to get on and o…

Rose GottemoellerOfficial portrait, 2009Deputy Secretary General of NATOIn officeOctober 17, 2016 – July 17, 2019Preceded byAlexander VershbowSucceeded byMircea GeoanăUnder Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security AffairsIn officeFebruary 7, 2012 – October 6, 2016Acting: February 7, 2012 – March 7, 2014PresidentBarack ObamaPreceded byEllen TauscherSucceeded byAndrea L ThompsonAssistant Secretary of State for Verification, Compliance, and Implementat…

American racing driver Buddy RiceBuddy Rice waits for a qualification attempt before the 2007 Indianapolis 500.Nationality AmericanBorn (1976-01-31) January 31, 1976 (age 47)Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.IndyCar Series careerDebut season2002Current teamPanther RacingCar number44Former teamsCheever RacingRahal Letterman RacingDreyer & Reinbold RacingRubicon Racing TeamStarts97Wins3Poles5Best finish3rd in 2004Previous series20061998–2000, 20021996–1997Champ Car World SeriesToyota AtlanticU.S.…

Piala Raja Spanyol 1926Negara SpanyolJumlah peserta24Juara bertahanBarcelonaJuaraBarcelona(gelar ke-7)Tempat keduaAtlético MadridJumlah pertandingan62Jumlah gol300 (4.84 per pertandingan)← 1925 1927 → Piala Raja Spanyol 1926 adalah edisi ke-24 dari penyelenggaraan Piala Raja Spanyol, turnamen sepak bola di Spanyol dengan sistem piala. Edisi ini dimenangkan oleh Barcelona setelah mengalahkan Atlético Madrid pada pertandingan final dengan skor 3–2 setelah perpanjangan waktu. Final Art…

Australian businesswoman Janine AllisAllis in 2016Born1965 (age 57–58)Melbourne, VictoriaOccupation(s)Entrepreneur in retail food and beverage industryYears active2000–presentKnown forFounding Boost JuiceBoard member ofRetail ZooMichael Hill JewellerSpouseJeff AllisChildren4AwardsAwardsWebsitewww.janineallis.com.au Janine Allis (born 1965)[1] is an Australian businesswoman who is the founder of Boost Juice and part-owner of Retail Zoo, which is the parent comp…

United States historic placeBusti MillU.S. National Register of Historic Places Busti Mill, July 2012Show map of New YorkShow map of the United StatesLocationLawson Rd., Busti, New YorkCoordinates42°2′2″N 79°16′52″W / 42.03389°N 79.28111°W / 42.03389; -79.28111Built1881NRHP reference No.76001208[1]Added to NRHPJuly 23, 1976 Busti Mill, also known as the Old Mill, is a historic grist mill located at Busti in Chautauqua County, New York, USA. I…

President of Ecuador from 2007 to 2017 In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Correa and the second or maternal family name is Delgado. The article's lead section may need to be rewritten. Please help improve the lead and read the lead layout guide. (March 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Rafael CorreaCorrea in 201345th President of EcuadorIn office15 January 2007 – 24 May 2017Vice PresidentLenín MorenoJorge GlasPreceded byAlfredo…

Italian footballer and manager Giuseppe Chiappella Chiappella in 1970Personal informationFull name Giuseppe ChiappellaDate of birth (1924-09-28)28 September 1924Place of birth Milan, ItalyDate of death 26 December 2009(2009-12-26) (aged 85)Place of death Milan, ItalyPosition(s) Defensive midfielderSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1942–1943 Redaelli Milano 1945–1946 Stradellina 1946–1949 Pisa 97 (4)1949–1960 Fiorentina 329 (5)International career1953–1957 Italy 17 (0)Managerial c…

The Eastern Orthodox cross Sep. 6 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - Sep. 8 All fixed commemorations below celebrated on September 20 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.[note 1] For September 7th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 25. Feasts Forefeast of the Nativity of the Theotokos.[1][2][3][4] Saints Apostles Evodius (Euodias) (66)[5] and Onesiphorus (67),[6] of the Seventy Apostles…

Canal basin in Tower Hamlets, London Limehouse Basin , Canary Wharf in background, October 2015 Limehouse Basin is a body of water 2 miles east of London Bridge that is also a navigable link between the River Thames and two of London's canals. First dug in 1820 as the eastern terminus of the new Regent's Canal, its wet area was less than 5 acres (2 hectares) originally, but it was gradually enlarged in the Victorian era, reaching a maximum of double that size, when it was given its characteristi…

Der Notar von Châteauneuf (Originaltitel Le Notaire du Châteauneuf) ist eine Erzählung von Georges Simenon, in der Kommissar Maigret in Châteauneuf-sur-Loire ermittelt. Das zur Reihe der Maigret-Romane und -Erzählungen gehörende Werk entstand entweder am 7. Juni 1938 in La Rochelle oder im Winter 1939–40 in Nieul-sur-Mer. Die Erzählung erschien nach dem Vorabdruck in der Zeitschrift Police-Film am 4. und 20. Mai 1938 in Buchform 1944 in dem Erzählband Les Nouvelles Enquêtes de Maigret…

Plateau in southern England Ashmore pond Cranborne Chase (grid reference ST970180) is an area of central southern England, straddling the counties Dorset, Hampshire and Wiltshire. It is part of the Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). The area is dominated by, and often considered to be synonymous with, a chalk downland plateau.[1] Part of the English Chalk Formation, it is adjacent to Salisbury Plain and the West Wiltshire Downs in the nort…

Capilla de los Mártires bien de interés cultural LocalizaciónPaís España EspañaComunidad Asturias AsturiasLocalidad CoroUbicación VillaviciosaCoordenadas 43°27′19″N 5°24′18″O / 43.45536, -5.40506Información generalDeclaración 27 de enero de 1994Código RI-51-0008749[editar datos en Wikidata] Interior del templo La capilla de los Mártires, ubicada en Coro, en el municipio de Villaviciosa (Asturias, España) está dedicada a los santos márti…

1915 novel by Ford Madox Ford For other uses, see The Good Soldier (disambiguation). The Good Soldier The first edition of The Good Soldier, with original title and surname.AuthorFord Madox HuefferOriginal titleThe Saddest Story or The Good Soldier: A Tale of PassionCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishGenreNovelPublisherJohn Lane, The Bodley HeadPublication dateMarch 1915Media typePrint (hardback and paperback) The Good Soldier: A Tale of Passion is a 1915 novel by the British writer F…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya