Ekologi lanskap

Tutupan lahan Madison, Wisconsin. Wilayah kuning menunjukkan lapangan, sementara merah menunjukkan daerah perkotaan.

Ekologi lanskap adalah disiplin ilmu yang membahas dan mengembangkan hubungan antara proses-proses ekologi pada suatu lingkungan atau ekosistem. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan skala lanskap, pola spatial perkembangan, dan penelitian beserta kebijakan dalam skala organisasi.[1][2][3] Secara singkat, ilmu ini dapat dideskripsikan sebagai ilmu "keanekaragaman lanskap", sebagai hasil sinergis dari Keanekaragaman hayati dan keanekaragaman geologis (geodiversity).[4]

Sebagai sebuah bidang yang sangat interdisiplin pada ilmu sistem, ekologi lanskap menggabungkan pendekatan-pendekatan biofisika dan analitik dengan prespektif humanistik dan holistik pada ilmu alam dan ilmu sosial. Laskap merupakan sebuah area geografis yang secara spatial heterogen, yang dicirikan dengan lahan-lahan ekosistem yang beragam dan saling berinteraksi, mulai dari sistem-sistem alami darat maupun laut seperti hutan, padang rumput dan danau, hingga lingkungan yang diciptakan oleh manusia seperti lingkungan urban dan pertanian..[2][5][6]

Ciri paling menonjol dari ekologi lanskap adalah penekanannya pada hubungan antara pola, proses dan skala, dan fokusnya pada isu lingkungan dan ekologi secara luas. Hal tersebut mementingkan penggabungan antara limu biofisika dan sosioekonomi. Topik-topik umum pada ilmu ini mencakup aliran ekologi pada mosaik lanskap, perubahan pada penggunaan lahan, penskalaan, penghubungan antara analisis pola lanskap dengan proses ekologi, dan konservasi lanskap dan keberlanjutan.[7] Ilmu ini juga membahas peran dampak manusia pada keanekaragaman lanskap dalam perkembangan dan penyebaran patogen manusia baru yang dapat memicu sebuah epidemi.[8][9]

Referensi

  1. ^ Wu J (January 2006). "Landscape ecology, cross-disciplinarity, and sustainability science". Landscape Ecology. 21 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1007/s10980-006-7195-2. 
  2. ^ a b Wu J, Hobbs R, ed. (2007). Key Topics in Landscape Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 
  3. ^ Wu J (2008). "Landscape ecology.". Dalam Jorgensen SE. Encyclopedia of Ecology. Oxford: Elsevier. 
  4. ^ Leser, Hartmut; Nagel, Peter (2001). "Landscape diversity — a holistic approach". Biodiversity. Springer. hlm. 129–143. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-06071-1_9. ISBN 978-3-642-08370-9. 
  5. ^ Turner MG, Gardner RH, O'Neill RV (2001). Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice. New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag. 
  6. ^ Forman RT (1995). Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 
  7. ^ Wu & Hobbs 2002
  8. ^ Bloomfield, Laura S. P.; McIntosh, Tyler L.; Lambin, Eric F. (2020-04-01). "Habitat fragmentation, livelihood behaviors, and contact between people and nonhuman primates in Africa". Landscape Ecology (dalam bahasa Inggris). 35 (4): 985–1000. doi:10.1007/s10980-020-00995-walt=Dapat diakses gratis. ISSN 1572-9761. 
  9. ^ Bausch DG, Schwarz L (2014-07-31). "Outbreak of ebola virus disease in Guinea: where ecology meets economy". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 8 (7): e3056. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003056alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMC 4117598alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 25079231. 

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