Diisobutilaluminium hidrida

Diisobutilaluminium hidrida
Nama
Nama IUPAC
Diisobutilaluminum hidrida
Nama lain
DIBAH; DIBAL; DiBAlH; DIBAL-H; DIBALH
Penanda
Model 3D (JSmol)
3DMet {{{3DMet}}}
ChemSpider
Nomor EC
Nomor RTECS {{{value}}}
  • InChI=1S/2C4H9.Al.H/c2*1-4(2)3;;/h2*4H,1H2,2-3H3;; YaY
    Key: AZWXAPCAJCYGIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N YaY
  • InChI=1/2C4H9.Al.H/c2*1-4(2)3;;/h2*4H,1H2,2-3H3;;/rC8H19Al/c1-7(2)5-9-6-8(3)4/h7-9H,5-6H2,1-4H3
    Key: AZWXAPCAJCYGIA-DFAADSFOAF
  • CC(C)C[AlH]CC(C)C
Sifat
C16H38Al2 (dimer)
Massa molar 142.22 (monomer)
Penampilan cairan tak berwarna
Densitas 0.798 g/cm3
Titik lebur −80 °C (−112 °F; 193 K)
Titik didih 116 hingga[convert: unit tak dikenal] pada 1 mmHg
pelarut hidrokarbon
Bahaya
Bahaya utama terbakar dalam udara
Kecuali dinyatakan lain, data di atas berlaku pada suhu dan tekanan standar (25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YaY verifikasi (apa ini YaYN ?)
Referensi

Diisobutilaluminium hidrida (DIBALH, DIBAL, DIBAL-H atau DIBAH, DYE-bal) adalah suatu agen pereduksi dengan rumus kimia (i-Bu2AlH)2, dimana i-Bu mewakili isobutil (-CH2CH(CH3)2). Senyawa organoaluminium ini awalnya diinvestigasi sebagai suatu ko-katalis untuk polimerisasi alkena.[1]

Sifat

Seperti kebanyakan senyawa organoaluminium, struktur senyawa mungkin lebih dari yang disarankan oleh rumus empiris. Berbagai teknik, tidak termasuk kristalografi sinar-X, menunjukkan bahwa senyawa tersebut hadir sebagai dimer dan trimer, yang terdiri dari pusat aluminium tetrahedral yang berbagi dengan jembatan ligan hidrida.[2] Hidrida berukuran kecil dan, untuk turunan aluminium, sangat basa, sehingga mereka menjembatani preferensi gugus alkil.

DIBAL dapat dibuat dengan memanaskan triisobutilaluminium (dimer) untuk menginduksi eliminasi beta-hidrida:[3]

(i-Bu3Al)2 → (i-Bu2AlH)2 + 2 (CH3)2C=CH2

Meskipun DIBAL dapat dibeli secara komersial sebagai cairan yang tidak berwarna, biasanya lebih banyak dibeli dan dikeluarkan sebagai larutan pelarut organik seperti toluena atau heksana.

Penggunaan dalam sintesis organik

DIBAL berguna dalam sintesis organik untuk berbagai reduksi, termasuk mengubah asam karboksilat, turunannya, dan nitril menjadi aldehida. DIBAL secara efisien mereduksi ester tak jenuh α-β menjadi alkohol alilik yang sesuai.[4] Berbeda dengan itu, LiAlH4 mereduksi ester dan asil klorida menjadi alkohol primer, serta nitril menjadi amina primer. DIBAL bereaksi perlahan dengan senyawa yang miskin-elektron, dan lebih cepat dengan senyawa yang kaya elektron. Sehingga, senyawa ini adalah zat pereduksi elektrofilik sedangkan LiAlH4 dapat dianggap sebagai zat pereduksi nukleofilik.

Keamanan

DIBAL, seperti kebanyakan senyawa alkilaluminium, bereaksi keras dengan udara dan air, berpotensi mengarah pada timbulnya api.

Referensi

  1. ^ Ziegler, K.; Martin, H.; Krupp, F. (1960). "Metallorganische Verbindungen, XXVII Aluminiumtrialkyle und Dialkyl-Aluminiumhydride aus Aluminiumisobutyl-Verbindungen". Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie. 629 (1): 14–19. doi:10.1002/jlac.19606290103. 
  2. ^ Self, M. F.; Pennington, W. T.; Robinson, G. H. (1990). "Reaction of Diisobutylaluminum Hydride with a Macrocyclic Tetradentate Secondary Amine. Synthesis and Molecular Structure of [Al(iso-Bu)]2[C10H20N4][Al(iso-Bu)3]2: Evidence of an Unusual Disproportionation of (iso-Bu)2AlH". Inorganica Chimica Acta. 175 (2): 151–153. doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(00)84819-7. 
  3. ^ Eisch, J. J. (1981). Organometallic Syntheses. 2. New York: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-234950-4. 
  4. ^ Galatsis, P. (2001). "Diisobutylaluminum Hydride". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. New York: John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rd245. ISBN 0471936235. 

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