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Anubis

Anubis
Dewa Anubis digambarkan berkepala ajag (anjing gurun)
Protector of the dead and embalming[1]
Nama dalam hiroglif
in
p
wE16
Pusat pemujaanAsyut, Cynopolis
SimbolImiut, cambuk
OrangtuaRa (mitos awal)
Nephthys dan Set, atau Osiris (dalam catatan lain) (kemudian)
SaudaraHorus (dalam beberapa catatan)


Anubis dalam kepercayaan Mesir Kuno dianggap sebagai dewa kematian dengan wujud kepala Jakal dan badan manusia. Anubis adalah nama Mesir[2] untuk dewa berkepala Jackal yang berhubungan dengan mumi dan kehidupan setelah kematian pada mitologi Mesir. Pada bahasa Mesir Kuno, Anubis dikenal sebagai Inpu, (dibaca Anupu, Ienpw, dll.)[3]. Penemuan yang tertua menyebut Anubis pada teks piramid kerajaan tertua, di sana ia dihubungan dengan kekerasan seorang raja[4] pada saat itu.

Penamaan

Dewa ini dalam bahasa Yunani diterjemahkan sebagai "Anubis."[5][6] Sebelum bangsa Yunani tiba di Mesir, sekitar abad ke-7 SM, dewa tersebut dikenal dengan nama Anpu atau Inpu, yang dalam bahasa Mesir kuno berarti "anak bangsawan." Inpu memiliki akar kata "inp", yang berarti "meluruh". Ia juga memiliki julukan sebagai "Orang Barat Pertama", "Penguasa Tanah Suci", "Dia Yang Berada Di Atas Gunung Sucinya", "Penguasa Sembilan Busur", "Anjing yang Menelan Jutaan Orang", "Penguasa Rahasia," "Dia yang Berada di Tempat Pengawetan," dan "Terdepan dari Tempat Suci."[7] Posisi yang dia miliki juga tercermin dalam gelar yang ia pegang seperti "Dia yang Berada di Gunungnya," "Penguasa Tanah Suci," "Orang Barat Pertama," dan "Dia yang Berada di Tempat Pengawetan."[8] Di Kerajaan Lama Mesir (2686 SM – 2181 SM), cara penulisan namanya dalam hieroglif terdiri dari tanda-tanda suara inpw diikuti oleh jakal di atas tanda htp.

in
p
wC6

Bentuk baru dengan jakal di atas tegakan tinggi muncul di akhir Kerajaan Lama dan menjadi penulisan yang umum setelahnya.

in
p
wE16

Nama Anubis jnpw kemungkinan diucapkan [a.ˈna.pʰa(w)], berdasarkan Anoup Koptik dan transkripsi bahasa Akkadia 𒀀𒈾𒉺 a-na-pa dalam nama <ri-a-na-pa> "Reanapa" yang muncul dalam surat Amarna EA 315.[9][10] Tetapi, transkripsi ini juga dapat diartikan sebagai rˁ-nfr, nama yang mirip dengan nama Pangeran Ranefer dari Dinasti Keempat.

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses, G. Hart ISBN 0-415-34495-6,
  2. ^ Charles Russell Coulter, Patricia Turner, Encyclopedia of ancient deities, Mc Farland 2000, ISBN 0-7864-0317-9, p.58
  3. ^ The Gods of Ancient Egypt - Anubis
  4. ^ Wilkinson, Richard H. (2003). The complete gods and goddesses of ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson. hlm. 188–190. ISBN 0-500-05120-8. 
  5. ^ "The Ancient Egypt Site: Anubis". web.archive.org. 2002-12-27. Archived from the original on 2012-06-30. Diakses tanggal 2022-08-16. 
  6. ^ Coulter & Turner 2021, hlm. 58.
  7. ^ Mark, Joshua J. "Anubis". World History Encyclopedia (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2022-08-16. 
  8. ^ "Anubis | Ancient Egyptian God | Britannica". www.britannica.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2022-08-16. 
  9. ^ Conder, Claude Reignier (2004-07-02). The Tell Amarna Tablets (dalam bahasa Inggris). The Minerva Group, Inc. hlm. 85. ISBN 978-1-4147-0156-1. 
  10. ^ "CDLI-Archival View". cdli.ucla.edu. Diakses tanggal 2022-08-16. 

Daftar pustaka

  • Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (2021). Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities. McFarland. ISBN 9780786491797. 


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