Âu Lạc

Âu Lạc (Hán tự: 甌貉/ 甌駱/ 甌雒; Tionghoa pinyin: Ōu Luò; Wade–Giles: Wu¹-lo⁴ Bahasa Tionghoa Pertengahan (ZS): *ʔəu-*lɑk̚ < Bahasa Tionghoa Kuno *ʔô-râk^[1][2]) merupakan kerajaan kuno yang meliputi bagian Guangxi modern dan Vietnam utara hingga Deretan Hoành Sơn.^[3] Didirikan pada 257 SM, wilayah ini adalah penggabungan dari bekas negara bagian Ouyue (Âu Việt) dan (Lạc Việt)^[4] Dinasti Hồng Bàng tetapi menyerah pada negara bagian Nanyue pada 180 SM, yang akhirnya ditaklukkan oleh Dinasti Han.^[5][6] Ibu kotanya berada di Benteng Cổ Loa, kira-kira 17 kilometer utara Hanoi saat ini, di dataran atas utara sungai Merah.^[7]

Galeria

• 
  Âu Việt (Xi Ou) dan Lạc Việt (Luo Yue) di map
• 
  Nekara Dong Son di Cổ Loa
• 
  Ubin atap keramik ditemukan di Benteng Cổ Loa, 212-154 SM
• 
  Kapak bermata persegi dengan hiasan rusa pemburu anjing, budaya Dong Son, 500 SM-0.
• 
  Potongan baju besi pipih perunggu Đông Sơn, abad ke-XXX - I SM
• 
  Belati perunggu, Budaya Dong Son, 500 SM - 0.
• 
  Cincin kaki terbuat dari perunggu yang berasal dari 500 SM-0.
• 
  Kerbau dan petani, 500 SM
• 
  Dasar lampu perunggu
• 
  Tombak dan pedang, abad ke-III SM
• 
  Panah perunggu ditemukan di Benteng Cổ Loa

Lihat pula

• Kebudayaan Dongson
• Sejarah Vietnam
• Dinasti Hồng Bàng
• Lạc Việt
• Âu Việt
• Nanyue
• Dinasti Triệu
• Triệu Đà
• Distrik Panyu
• Trọng Thủy
• An Dương Vương
• Benteng Cổ Loa
• Tây Vu Vương
• Baiyue

Referensi

1. Schuessler 2007, hlm. 372.
2. Schuessler 2007, hlm. 506.
3. Đào Duy Anh 2016, hlm. 32.
4. SarDesai 2005, hlm. 11.
5. Hoàng 2007, hlm. 12.
6. Dutton, Werner & Whitmore 2012, hlm. 9.
7. Nam C. Kim 2015, hlm. 18.

Daftar pustaka

• Baldanza, Kathlene (2016). Ming China and Vietnam: Negotiating Borders in Early Modern Asia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-44055-1. 
• Brindley, Erica (2015). Ancient China and the Yue: Perceptions and Identities on the Southern Frontier, C.400 BCE-50 CE. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-110-70847-8-0. 
• Buttinger, Joseph (1958). The Smaller Dragon: A Political History of Vietnam. Praeger Publishers. 
• Chapuis, Oscar (1995). A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tu Duc. Greenwood Press. ISBN 03132-9-622-7. 
• Demattè, Paola (June 2015). "Travel and landscape: the Zuo River Valley rock art of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China". Antiquity. 89 (345): 613 – 628. doi:10.15184/aqy.2014.49. 
• De Vos, George A.; Slote, Walter H., ed. (1998). Confucianism and the Family. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-791-43735-3. 
• George E. Dutton (2006). The Tay Son Uprising: Society and Rebellion in Eighteenth-Century Vietnam. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-82482-984-1. 
• Dutton, George; Werner, Jayne; Whitmore, John K., ed. (2012). Sources of Vietnamese Tradition. Introduction to Asian Civilizations. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13862-8. 
• Đào Duy Anh (2016). Đất nước Việt Nam qua các đời: nghiên cứu địa lý học lịch sử Việt Nam (dalam bahasa Vietnam). Nha Nam. ISBN 978-604-94-8700-2.  Parameter |orig-date= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
• Đào Duy Anh (2020). Lịch sử Việt Nam: Từ nguồn gốc đến cuối thế kỷ XIX (dalam bahasa Vietnam). Hanoi Publishing House. ISBN 978-604-556-114-0.  Parameter |orig-date= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
• Ferlus, Michael (2009). "A Layer of Dongsonian Vocabulary in Vietnamese". Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. 1: 95–108. 
• Hoàng, Anh Tuấn (2007). Silk for Silver: Dutch-Vietnamese Rerlations ; 1637 - 1700. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-15601-2. 
• Higham, Charles (1989). The archaeology of mainland Southeast Asia. Cambridge University Press. 
• Higham, Charles (1996). The Bronze Age of Southeast Asia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56505-7. 
• Kelley, Liam C. (2014), "Constructing Local Narratives: Spirits, Dreams, and Prophecies in the Medieval Red River Delta", dalam Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K., China's Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia, United States: Brills, hlm. 78–106 
• Kiernan, Ben (2019). Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-190-05379-6. 
• Kim, Nam C.; Lai, Van Toi; Trinh, Hoang Hiep (2010). "Co Loa: an investigation of Vietnam's ancient capital". Antiquity. 84 (326): 1011–1027. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00067041.  Parameter |s2cid= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
• Kim, Nam C. (2015). The Origins of Ancient Vietnam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-98089-5. 
• Kim, Nam C. (2020), "A Pathway to Emergent Social Complexity and State Power: A View from Southeast Asia", dalam Bondarenko, Dmitri M.; Kowalewski, Stephen A.; Small, David B., The Evolution of Social Institutions. World-Systems Evolution and Global Futures, Springer Publishing, hlm. 225–253, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51437-2_10, ISBN 978-3-030-51436-5 
• Leeming, David (2001). A Dictionary of Asian Mythology. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195120523. 
• Li, Tana (2011), "A Geopolitical Overview", dalam Li, Tana; Anderson, James A., The Tongking Gulf Through History, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, hlm. 1–25 
• Li, Tana (2011), "Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ) in the Han Period Tongking Gulf", dalam Li, Tana; Anderson, James A., The Tongking Gulf Through History, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, hlm. 39–53, ISBN 978-0-812-20502-2 
• Loewe, Michael (1986), "The Former Han dynasty", dalam Twitchett, Denis C.; Fairbank, John King, The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC-AD 220, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, hlm. 110–128 
• McLeod, Mark; Nguyen, Thi Dieu (2001). Culture and Customs of Vietnam. Greenwood (dipublikasikan tanggal June 30, 2001). ISBN 978-0-313-36113-5. 
• Miksic, John Norman; Yian, Go Geok (2016). Ancient Southeast Asia. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-27903-7. 
• Milburn, Olivia (2010). The Glory of Yue: An Annotated Translation of the Yuejue shu. Sinica Leidensia. 93. Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90474-4-399-5. 
• O’Harrow, Stephen (1979). "From Co-loa to the Trung Sisters' Revolt: VIET-NAM AS THE CHINESE FOUND IT". Asian Perspectives. 22 (2): 140–164. JSTOR 42928006 – via JSTOR. 
• Jamieson, Neil L (1995). Understanding Vietnam. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520201576. 
• SarDesai, D. R. (2005). Vietnam, Past and Present. Avalon Publishing. ISBN 978-0-813-34308-2. 
• Schafer, Edward Hetzel (1967), The Vermilion Bird: T'ang Images of the South, Los Angeles: University of California Press 
• Schuessler, Axel. (2007). An Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese. University of Hawaii Press. 
• Taylor, Keith Weller (1983). The Birth of the Vietnam. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07417-0. 
• Taylor, Keith Weller (2013). A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87586-8. 
• Terry F. Kleeman (1998). Ta Chʻeng, Great Perfection – Religion and Ethnicity in a Chinese Millennial Kingdom. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1800-8. 
• Watson, Burton (1961). Records Of The Grand Historian Of China. Columbia University Press. 
• Wu, Chunming; Rolett, Barry Vladimir (2019). Prehistoric Maritime Cultures and Seafaring in East Asia. Springer Singapore. ISBN 978-9813292567. 
• Yu, Ying-shih (1986), "Han foreign relations", dalam Twitchett, Denis C.; Fairbank, John King, The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC-AD 220, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, hlm. 377–463 

Pranala luar

• Âu Lạc on Encyclopædia Britannica