1916年8月,奥匈军队因为布魯西洛夫攻勢而与俄军激战,另一方面在意大利战线上与意大利军在南蒂罗尔和伊松佐河纠缠;南线保加利亚军队陷身马其顿战线,奥匈帝国在特兰西瓦尼亚只有第一集团军的架子加上地方部队也只有3、4万人,羅馬尼亞抓住时机对同盟国宣战意图抢下特兰西瓦尼亚。8月17日罗马尼亚跟协约国签约,8月27日就对奥匈帝国宣战,当天3个集团军44万人分九路杀出喀尔巴阡山各个山口,以雷霆万钧之势攻击特兰西瓦尼亚。1916年8月16日阿图尔·冯·施特劳森堡男爵(英语:Arthur Freiherr Arz von Straußenburg)被任命为奥匈帝国第1集团军司令,兵力仅1万人,任务是击退罗马尼亚对特兰西瓦尼亚的攻击。8月27日意大利向德国宣战;德国8月28日对罗马尼亚宣战;8月29日奥斯曼土耳其对罗马尼亚宣战。
^Lyon 2015,第235頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLyon2015 (help)
^Spencer Tucker, "Encyclopedia of World War I"(2005) pg 1077, ISBN1851094202
^Military Casualties-World War-Estimated," Statistics Branch, GS, War Department, 25 February 1924; cited in World War I: People, Politics, and Power, published by Britannica Educational Publishing (2010) Page 219.
^As mentioned in the sources above about Serbian military casualties in World War I, they numbered approximately 481,000 in total, including 278,000 dead from all causes (including POWs), 133,000 wounded, and 70,000 living POWs. Of these 481,000, some 434,000 were suffered in the earlier Serbian campaign. Most of the rest were taken on the Macedonian front following the evacuation of the Serbian Army.
^Military Casualties-World War-Estimated," Statistics Branch, GS, War Department, 25 February 1924; cited in World War I: People, Politics, and Power, published by Britannica Educational Publishing (2010) Page 219. Total casualties for Greece were 27,000 (killed and died 5,000; wounded 21,000; prisoners and missing 1,000)
^T. J. Mitchell and G.M. Smith. "Medical Services: Casualties and Medical Statistics of the Great War." From the "Official History of the Great War". Pages 190-191. Breakdown: 2,797 killed, 1,299 died of wounds, 3,744 died of disease, 2,778 missing/captured, 16,888 wounded (minus DOW), 116,190 evacuated sick (34,726 to UK, 81,428 elsewhere) an unknown proportion of whom returned to duty later. A total of 481,262 were hospitalized for sickness overall.
^Ministero della Difesa: L’Esercito italiano nella Grande Guerra (1915-1918), vol. VII: Le operazioni fuori del territorio nazionale: Albania, Macedonia, Medio Oriente, t. 3° bis: documenti, Rome 1981, Parte Prima, doc. 77, p. 173 and Parte Seconda, doc. 78, p. 351; Mortara, La salute pubblica in Italia 1925, p. 37.
^Losses are given as follows for 1916 to 1918. Macedonia: 8,324, including 2,971 dead or missing and 5,353 injured. Albania: 2,214 including 298 dead, 1,069 wounded, and 847 missing.