孫策攻劉勳盧江之戰

孫策攻劉勳廬江之戰
孫策平江東之戰的一部分
日期建安四年(199年)
地点
结果 孫策佔領廬江
参战方
孫策 劉勳
指挥官与领导者
孫策
周瑜
孫賁
孫輔
劉勳
劉曄
兵力
兩萬人 三萬多人
伤亡与损失
不詳 俘虜獲男女萬餘人袁術長史楊弘
大將軍張勳
族弟袁胤
其子袁燿
其女袁夫人
大橋
小橋
步夫人

孫策攻劉勳廬江之戰,是東漢末年孫策平江東之戰中,討逆將軍、吳侯孫策奪取廬江太守劉勳根據地皖城的戰役。

建安四年(199年),孫策正準備討伐窮途末路的袁術,不過軍隊尚未出發,袁術急逝於壽春,而先前袁術任命的廬江太守劉勳仍駐守在皖城。孫策為了報以前劉勳奪佔廬江太守位置的仇,而展開行動計劃襲取皖城。孫策少時好友周瑜認為皖城城防堅實,易守難攻。建議孫策用兵以調虎離山之計,騙取劉勳襲取上繚,在劉勳出兵後,突然襲其後方奪佔皖城。劉勳驚覺受騙後意圖奪回皖城,不料被伏兵孫賁孫輔突然殺出,軍隊四處混亂,只得往北逃跑投靠曹操[1]

戰前背景

孫策正準備與曹操、董承劉璋聯合討伐劉表和強弩之末的袁術,軍隊已經整裝待發。卻在此時身在壽春的袁術,討不到蜜水,只能喝血水,袁術自責羞愧大喊:「袁公路何以至此。」並吐血身亡。袁術病逝於壽春後,袁術的長史楊弘、大將軍張勳意欲率袁術敗兵投奔以前身在袁術帳下的孫策,不料被廬江太守劉勳截擊,全軍被俘虜。而袁術的族弟袁胤、其子袁燿、其女袁夫人、女壻黃猗及其家族眾人等,也畏於曹操的實力,不敢繼續待在壽春,抬著袁術的棺木,帶領袁術的家小和部曲男女,到皖城投奔劉勳。劉勳的兵力驟然大增,而受到臨邊勢力孫策的猜忌及不安[2]

戰役展開

由於劉勳收容袁術的餘部,使得兵力大增,而引來孫策的敵視,孫策想借機剪除削弱劉勳的勢力,寫信來勸劉勳攻襲海昏、上繚。信中,孫策屈己下人,說:「上繚地方十分富饒,希望您能興兵討伐,我願出兵做您的外援。」劉勳相信孫策,更因收得財寶而十分高興,各人都祝賀,但劉曄則不感喜悅。劉勳詢問,劉曄則說:「上繚雖小,城防堅固,易守難攻非幾日就能攻下,然而兵馬疲憊在外,而國內空虛。孫策必乘我國空虛而前來攻襲我們,後方不敵無法防守。你進軍必被敵方屈人之兵,退無歸路。倘若軍隊今天出去,禍害今天就會到來了。」但劉勳不聽,堅持出兵。劉勳決定攻取上繚,悄悄率軍經過彭澤,來到海昏這個地方,當地守將堅壁清野,留下一座空城,劉勳一無所穫。聽說劉勳已到海昏,立即讓二位堂兄孫賁、孫輔率領人馬駐紮在彭澤,準備攔擊劉勳,自己則與周瑜率兵兩萬進軍,前來攻襲劉勳的大本營皖城,一擧攻克,俘虜包括劉勳妻子,袁術妻子及橋公二女在內的三萬多人[3]

戰後影響

橋公二女「江東二橋」大橋小橋皆有“沉魚落雁”之容顏、“閉月羞花”之美貌,二橋這對姐妹同時嫁給兩位英雄俊傑,大橋嫁給了孫策,小橋則嫁給周瑜。孫策與周瑜二人關係更進一步,從此不僅僅只是摯友君臣關係更是連襟兄弟。

後來孫策將所得人眾(包括楊弘張勳袁胤袁燿袁夫人步夫人)全部移往江東吳郡。任命李術爲廬江太守,撥給他三千人馬防守皖城,而留下周瑜鎮守巴丘,委任太史慈建昌都尉,駐守海昏,並督領各將還擊以驍勇著稱。劉勳聞訊大驚,星夜回軍彭澤,孫賁、孫輔出兵截殺,劉勳大敗,逃往劉勳退入楚江(今長江),又經尋陽到置馬亭,聽說孫策已經率軍攻克了皖城,又逃到了西塞,接著又逃往流沂,投奔曹操。孫策佔領廬江郡後,降服許多廬江人,孫策將這些人當中挑選為廬江兵,交給麾下廬江本地人的虎臣陳武訓練為精銳。

参考

  1. ^ 齐豫生. 中国全史 第1卷. 长春:吉林摄影出版社. 2002.07: 511. ISBN 7-80606-544-X. 
  2. ^ 白寿彝总主编;黎虎主编. 中国通史 8 第5卷 中古时代 三国两晋南北朝时期 下. 上海:上海人民出版社. 2015.06: 772–773. ISBN 978-7-208-13000-5. 
  3. ^ 柳春藩著. 三国史话. 北京:北京出版社. 1981.03: 87–88. 

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