奥属尼德兰

奥属尼德兰
Oostenrijkse Nederlanden
Pays-Bas Autrichiens
Österreichische Niederlande
Belgium Austriacum
1714–1794
1789年的奥属尼德兰。
1789年的奥属尼德兰。
地位奥地利帝国共主邦聯
神圣罗马帝国的诸侯国和附庸国
首都布鲁塞尔
常用语言德语, 法语, 荷兰语, 拉丁语
宗教
罗马天主教
政府省份
总督 
• 1716–1724
欧根亲王 (首位)
• 1793–1794
卡尔大公 (末位)
全权代表 
• 1714–1716
洛萨·多米尼克(Lothar Dominik) (first)
• 1793–1794
弗朗兹·卡尔德语Franz Georg Karl von Metternich (last)
历史时期近代早期
1714年3月7日
1785年11月8日
1789–1790
1794年9月18日
1797
货币奥匈帝国克朗
前身
继承
西属尼德兰
法兰西第一共和国
今属于 荷蘭
 比利时
 德国
 盧森堡
奥属尼德兰旗帜

奥属尼德兰荷蘭語Oostenrijkse Nederlanden;法語:Pays-Bas Autrichiens;德語:Österreichische Niederlande拉丁語Belgium Austriacum)是西班牙王位继承战争后於1713年簽定的《烏得勒支和約》,给予奥地利哈布斯堡家族的神圣罗马帝国皇帝查理六世南尼德兰领地。奧屬尼德蘭代表典型的組合國家,由半自治的省組成,各省都有各自的首府;以國家法角度來說,這是以君合國形式與哈布斯堡王朝連繫在一起,王朝所派駐的總督為代表並掌有最高統治權。[1]

歷史

1713年的《乌得勒支条约》给予奥地利哈布斯堡西属尼德兰的領地、那不勒斯王国撒丁尼亚米兰公国的剩余部分,以换取查理六世法国波旁家族拥有西班牙王位继承权的承认,原西属尼德兰的所有土地均改为奥属尼德兰。1744年法国入侵,除林堡卢森堡外,奥属尼德兰皆落入法国人之手,但1748年复归奥地利。在玛丽亚·特蕾西娅统治时期,奥属尼德兰又开始繁荣起来。1787年以后由于约瑟夫二世的改革,触动了当地人的利益,发生由布拉班特领导的布拉班特革命。1792年法国革命党开始入侵奥属尼德兰,1794年荷兰法国占领,法国先后在此扶植了其傀儡政府巴达维亚共和国荷兰王国,1815年拿破仑兵败滑铁卢后南北尼德兰合并为荷兰联合王国,1831年南尼德兰独立为比利时

文化

奥属尼德兰的文化比起北邊的荷兰聯合王國,更加接近南邊的法国,而不是如同荷兰一样的德意志文化,所以语言也更接近法语

参考文献

  1. ^ Wolfram Siemann 著、楊惠群 譯. 梅特涅. 社會科學文獻出版社. 2019年6月: 第135頁. ISBN 978-7-5201-4599-2. 

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