多峇巨災理論

从外太空俯视的多峇火山爆发想像图

根據多峇巨災理論,史前人類受到近期一次在印尼苏门达腊岛北部的多峇湖2°37′N 98°49′E / 2.617°N 98.817°E / 2.617; 98.817大型火山爆發造成的巨災所影響。這個理論由美國伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校的史坦尼·安布魯士(Stanley H. Ambrose)最先提出。

理論

人類在最近三百至七百萬年的世界上生活發展,这期间人口一直缓慢且持续增长。

然而,根據這一理論,一次大規模火山爆發使當時世界人口大為減少。此次火山爆發可能在七至七萬五千年发生于印尼多峇湖,強度為火山爆發指數的8級,即超大規模(mega-colossal)級數。喷出了2400立方公里的火山物质,釋放能量達到十億噸烈性炸藥量,或為1980年聖海倫火山爆發的三千倍。大量火山灰令全球溫度在之後數年間下降了3-3.5℃,在地球北部甚至下降了10-15℃,引起一次冰河時期

巨災之後一段時間,氣候及環境好轉,劫難後的倖存者們,在各自的不同地域發展繁衍,最後人類再次遍佈整個地球。

地理證據

破火山口长100公里、宽60公里、面积1,130平方公里,是世界上最大的火山湖,印度尼西亚最大的内湖——多峇湖。最深处505米,海拔905米。 多峇火山似乎已在这次大爆发中耗尽了动力,此后不仅没有再次喷发,而且火山周围地质状况也稳定异常。

一些地理證據及電腦模擬支持多峇巨災的可能性[來源請求]。基因遺傳證明現在的人類雖然表面看來分別頗大,但根據遺傳基因突變的平均速率推算,現代人全都是源自一個在多峇巨災發生的年代只有一千至一萬人的群體。

起源說

如果按這理論,全世界只有非洲一地的史前人類倖存了下來,巨災之後一段時間,氣候及環境好轉他們再從非洲出發,先到達印支半島澳洲,然後再往中東雙子河流域,及亞洲其他各地。

突然的巨大環境改變可能令當時各種物種進入種群瓶頸,導致分散的人類群體加速異化,最終使現代人的先祖以外的人類絕種。

另見

外部連結

Read other articles:

Point of extreme curvature on a curve Not to be confused with Vertex (geometry). For other uses, see Vertex (disambiguation). An ellipse (red) and its evolute (blue). The dots are the vertices of the curve, each corresponding to a cusp on the evolute. In the geometry of plane curves, a vertex is a point of where the first derivative of curvature is zero.[1] This is typically a local maximum or minimum of curvature,[2] and some authors define a vertex to be more specifically a ...

 

KCONPara artis diatas panggung KCON 2012JenisK-popTanggal(tanggal bervariasi)FrekuensiTahunanLokasiAmerika Serikat:Irvine, CaliforniaLos AngelesNewark, New JerseyLainnya:Saitama, JepangJeju, Korea SelatanAbu Dhabi, UEAChiba, JepangParis, PrancisKota Meksiko, MeksikoSydney, AustraliaAcara pertama2012Acara berikutnya2018PenyelenggaraCJ E&M KoreabooMnet MediaPowerhouse LiveSitus webkconusa.com KCON adalah konvensi Hallyu tahunan yang diadakan di lokasi berbeda di seluruh dunia, diorganisir o...

 

Bahasa Kumbrik *Cumbri WilayahHen Ogledd (kini Inggris bagian utara dan Skotlandia bagian selatan)Kepunahanabad ke-12[1]Rumpun bahasaIndo-Eropa KeltKelt KepulauanBritonikBritonik BaratKumbrik Kode bahasaISO 639-3xcbLINGUIST ListxcbGlottologTidak ada Status konservasi Punah EXSingkatan dari Extinct (Punah)Terancam CRSingkatan dari Critically endangered (Terancam Kritis) SESingkatan dari Severely endangered (Terancam berat) DESingkatan dari Devinitely endangered (Terancam) VUSingkatan d...

Robert Kerr, 1. Earl of Ancram Earl of Ancram ist ein erblicher britischer Adelstitel in der Peerage of Scotland. Verleihung Der Titel wurde am 24. Juni 1633 für Robert Kerr of Ancram and Woodhead geschaffen. Zusammen mit der Earlswürde wurde ihm der nachgeordnete Titel Lord Kerr of Nisbet, Langnewtoun, and Dolphinstoun verliehen. Beim kinderlosen Tod seines Sohnes, des 2. Earls, fielen die Titel an dessen Neffen Robert Kerr, 1. Earl of Lothian. Dieser hatte bereits 1675 von seinem Vater di...

 

GLIPR1 Наявні структури PDBПошук ортологів: PDBe RCSB Список кодів PDB 3Q2R, 3Q2U Ідентифікатори Символи GLIPR1, CRISP7, GLIPR, RTVP1, GLI pathogenesis related 1 Зовнішні ІД OMIM: 602692 MGI: 1920940 HomoloGene: 21357 GeneCards: GLIPR1 Шаблон експресії Більше даних Ортологи Види Людина Миша Entrez 11010 73690 Ensembl ENSG00000139278 ENSMUSG00000056888 UniProt P48060 Q9CWG1 Re...

 

German World War II submarine U-570 Type VIIC submarine that was captured by the British in 1941. This U-boat is almost identical to U-1132. History Nazi Germany NameU-1132 Ordered25 August 1941 BuilderHowaldtswerke AG, Kiel Yard number34 Laid down15 February 1943 Launched29 April 1944 Commissioned24 June 1944 FateScuttled on 5 May 1945 General characteristics Class and typeType VIIC submarine Displacement 769 tonnes (757 long tons) surfaced 871 t (857 long tons) submerged Length 67.10&#...

All Elite Wrestling pay-per-view event series Professional wrestling pay-per-view event series AEW Full GearAEW Full Gear logoPromotionsAll Elite WrestlingFirst event2019 AEW Full Gear is a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by All Elite Wrestling (AEW). Established in 2019, it is held annually in November, generally around the week of Veterans Day. The name of the event is a reference to a segment from the YouTube series Being The Elite involving AEW wrestler Hangman Ad...

 

British archive of the BBC For the Iron Maiden album, see BBC Archives (album). Not to be confused with BBC Motion Gallery. BBC Archive logo BBC Archives are collections documenting the BBC's broadcasting history, including copies of television and radio broadcasts, internal documents, photographs, online content, sheet music, commercially available music, BBC products (including toys, games, merchandise, books, publications, and program releases on VHS, Beta, Laserdisc, DVD, vinyl, audio cas...

 

И. С. Бах. Первая страница автографа Итальянского концерта Старинная концертная форма (концертная форма, форма старинного концерта) — музыкальная форма, основанная на чередовании ритурнеля[1] (главной темы), транспонируемого при повторных проведениях, и промежуточны...

Sierra Nevada de MeridaRemnants of glaciers on the Pico BolívarHighest pointPeakPico BolívarElevation16,342 ft (4,981 m)Coordinates8°34′12.61″N 71°00′45.32″W / 8.5701694°N 71.0125889°W / 8.5701694; -71.0125889DimensionsLength200 mi (320 km) Southeast-NorthwestGeographyCountryVenezuelaStatesMerida and BarinasGeologyAge of rockPrecambrian The Sierra Nevada de Mérida is the highest mountain range in the largest massif in Venezue...

 

For other ships with the same name, see USS Detroit. USS Detroit (C-10) circa 1890s History United States NameDetroit NamesakeCity of Detroit, Michigan BuilderColumbian Iron Works, Baltimore, Maryland Launched28 October 1891 Sponsored byMiss F. Malster Commissioned20 July 1893 Decommissioned1 August 1905 Stricken12 July 1910 IdentificationHull symbol: C-10 FateSold for scrap, 22 December 1910 General characteristics (as built)[1] Class and typeMontgomery-class unprotected cruiser Disp...

 

Annual hurling competition season 2022 Westmeath Senior Hurling ChampionshipDates23 July - 3 October 2022Teams6SponsorSlevin's CoachesChampions Castletown Geoghegan (14th title)Niall O'Brien (captain)Alan Mangan (manager)Runners-up ClonkillShane Power (captain)Pat O’Toole (manager)Relegated CullionTournament statisticsMatches played17Goals scored41 (2.41 per match) ← 2021 (Previous) (Next) 2023 → The 2022 Westmeath Senior Hurling Championship was the 118th staging of the Westmeath Senio...

Collective term applied to a number of West Slavic tribes Polabians redirects here. For the tribe, see Polabians (tribe). Map of West-Central Europe from 919 to 1125, by William R. Shepherd. The territory of the Polabian Slavs is outlined in purple near the top, with the Obotrite and Veleti groups in white and the Sorb groups colored purple. Polabian Slavs, also known as Elbe Slavs,[a] is a collective term applied to a number of Lechitic (West Slavic) tribes who lived scattered along ...

 

Species of plant in the genus Carex Carex flava Seedhead Botanical illustration Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Clade: Commelinids Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Carex Species: C. flava Binomial name Carex flavaL.[1] Synonyms[2] List Anithista flava (L.) Raf. Carex echinata Lam. Carex flava subsp. alpina (Kneuck.) O.Bolòs, Masalles & Vigo Carex flava var. barrerae O.Bolòs, Masalles & Vig...

 

Anatole Litvak Anatole Litvak (Анатоль Літвак; Kiev, 10 maggio 1902 – Neuilly-sur-Seine, 15 dicembre 1974) è stato un regista, sceneggiatore e produttore cinematografico ucraino naturalizzato statunitense. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Filmografia 2.1 Regista 2.2 Produttore 2.3 Sceneggiatore 3 Riconoscimenti 4 Note 5 Altri progetti 6 Collegamenti esterni Biografia Nacque a Kiev da una famiglia ebraica di origine lituana. Fin da giovane iniziò a calcare le scene e a lavorare nell'indus...

1970 filmHoffmanFilm PosterDirected byAlvin RakoffWritten byErnest GéblerBased onthe novel Shall I Eat You Now? by Ernest GeblerProduced byBen ArbeidStarringPeter SellersSinéad CusackRuth DunningJeremy BullochCinematographyGerry TurpinEdited byBarrie VinceMusic byRon GrainerProductioncompaniesAssociated British Picture Corporation (ABPC)Longstone Film ProductionsDistributed byAnglo-EMI (UK)Release date July 16, 1970 (1970-07-16) Running time113 minutesCountryUnited Kingdom ...

 

Italian noblewoman Princess Maria Anna VictoriaPrincess Joseph of Saxe-HilburghausenDuchess in SaxonyPrincess Maria Anna Vittoria of SavoyBorn10 November 1686[1]Died11 October 1763(1763-10-11) (aged 76)Turin, ItalyNoble familyHouse of Savoy-Carignano (by birth) House of Saxe-Hildburghausen (by marriage)Spouse(s)Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1738–1757; marriage dissolved)FatherLouis Thomas, Count of SoissonsMotherUranie de La Cropte de Beauvais Princess Maria Anna Victor...

 

Den här artikeln behöver fler eller bättre källhänvisningar för att kunna verifieras. (2021-07) Åtgärda genom att lägga till pålitliga källor (gärna som fotnoter). Uppgifter utan källhänvisning kan ifrågasättas och tas bort utan att det behöver diskuteras på diskussionssidan. Herodotos, en grekisk historiker på 400-talet f.Kr. En historiker är titeln för en person som ägnar sig åt att studera mänsklighetens förflutna genom att granska och analysera äldre texter och b...

Italian football club This article is about the football club that competes in the Italian league system. For the national team, see San Marino national football team. Football clubVictor San MarinoFull nameAssociazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Victor San MarinoNickname(s)Titani (The Titans)Founded1960; 63 years ago, (as Società Sportiva Serenissima)GroundStadio di AcquavivaAcquaviva, San MarinoCapacity2,000PresidentLuca Della BaldaManagerGianni D'AmoreLeagueSerie D2022–23Eccellenza Emilia...

 

株式会社オハラOHARA INC. 種類 株式会社機関設計 監査役会設置会社[1]市場情報 東証スタンダード 52182005年12月21日上場 本社所在地 日本〒252-0205神奈川県相模原市中央区小山一丁目15番30号設立 1941年(昭和16年)11月1日(有限会社小原光学硝子製造所)業種 ガラス・土石製品法人番号 4021001011600事業内容 光及びエレクトロニクス事業機器向けガラス素材の製造・販売�...