台鐵BK10型蒸汽機車

臺鐵BK10型蒸汽機車
概览
类型蒸汽機車
生产商Nasmyth, Wilson and Company英语Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company
Robert Stephenson and Company英语Robert Stephenson and Company
North British Locomotive Company英语North British Locomotive Company
汽車製造株式会社
生产年份1901年-1908年
产量21輛(18~37,後來剩19輛,28號優先報廢、製造序號1號因鶴彥丸海難而沉沒,其餘改編為BK11~BK29)
主要用户臺灣總督府交通局鐵道部
臺灣鐵路管理局
运用地点臺湾
技术数据
华氏轮式2-4-2
UIC軸式1B1
轨距1,067 mm

臺鐵BK10型蒸汽機車台灣日治時期引進的四輪飽和式蒸汽機車,同日本鐵道作業局A8型日语国鉄400形蒸気機関車(英國製)與A10型日语国鉄230形蒸気機関車(日本製)。

簡介

日本遞信省鐵道作業局英國訂購A8型蒸汽機車後,因機車性能優良,使日本汽車製造株式会社仿製而成為A10型。臺灣總督府鐵道部也因此向英國Nasmyth, Wilson and Company英语Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company於1901年、1902年各訂購了5部,命名為18型(18-27)、1901年英國Robert Stephenson and Company英语Robert Stephenson and Company2部(28、29)。此外鐵道部亦向汽車製造株式会社於1901年購入2部、1904年1部,最初命名為E30型。後來製造序號1號因1901年10月時大倉組所屬的鶴彥丸遭遇海難而沉沒(同時還沉沒A3型機車一輛)[1]:20,故汽車製造株式会社於翌年補上一輛E30型[2]:31。1908年臺灣縱貫鐵路完工,鐵道部向英國North British Locomotive Company英语North British Locomotive Company加訂5部機車(33-37)。1929年起鐵道部將18型的駕駛室擴大以應付炎熱的臺灣氣候,1931年起加裝空氣軔機系統[1]:18。二次世界大戰結束後18型由臺灣鐵路管理局接收並編為BK10型(BK11-BK30),其中特殊的是BK30號為臺鐵使用已停用之BK10型於1952年拼造而成[3]:63,最後BK10型使用至1954年後逐漸報廢解體,現僅存BK24號因做為教學用途而保存於國立成功大學

製造年表

製造年 製造廠 輛數 製造序號[4][5] 車號 1949年後 備註
1901年

1902年
英國 Nasmyth, Wilson and Company 10 18-27 BK11-BK20
1901年 英國 Robert Stephenson and Company 2 28、29 BK21 28號報廢
1901年 日本 汽車製造株式會社 2 1、2 30 BK22 製造序號1號因鶴彥丸海難而沉沒
1902年 1 6 31 BK23 為製造序號1號之替代機車
1904年 1 18 32 BK24
1908年 英國 North British Locomotive Company 5 18378-18382 33-37 BK25-BK29 1942年36、37轉移給台北鐵道株式會社後改為6、7號[6],1949年由臺鐵接收並編為BK28、29[4][2]:34
1952年 臺灣鐵路管理局 1 BK30 以報廢之BK10型組成[3]:63

主要諸元[1]:40

18-29(BK11-BK21) 30-32(BK22-BK24) 33-37(BK25-BK29)
機車尺寸
長×寬×高(mm)
9,587 × 2,388 × 3,658 9,366 × 2,286 × 3,609 9,471 × 2,286 × 3,658
閥裝置日语弁装置\汽門 膠式 膠式 膠式
汽缸數目 2個 2個 2個
汽缸直徑 356 mm 356 mm 356 mm
汽缸行程 508 mm 508 mm 508 mm
鍋爐使用壓力
(實用汽壓)
10.6 kg/cm² 10.0 kg/cm² 10.6 kg/cm²
火箱傳熱面積 6.50 m² 6.59 m² 5.87 m²
煙管傳熱面積 60.76 m² 60.67 m² 60.57 m²
總計傳熱面積 67.26 m² 67.26 m² 66.44 m²
爐篦面積 1.11 m² 1.11 m² 1.11 m²
煙管尺寸(小煙管)
直徑×長度×數量
45 mm × 2,918 mm × 147支 45 mm × 2,953 mm × 147支 45 mm × 2,950 mm × 147支
機車整備重量 36.63 t 35.0 t 36.76 t
機車空車重量 24.85 t 27.23 t 28.49 t
煤櫃容量 1.02 t 0.95 t 1.13 t
水櫃容量 4.55 m³ 4.55 m³ 4.55 m³

現存車輛

因做為教具而被解剖的BK24
  • BK24:位於臺南市國立成功大學光復校區的成功大學郵局東側。BK24號於1954年6月1日起取消車籍,並依照8月27日的臺鐵機車字第11622號公文中「BK24機件老舊不適現時運輸需要報廢並移作溫水洗爐設備」,使BK24結束於臺中的調車任務後改做蒸汽機車的鍋爐清洗設備使用[3]:63。1956年8月臺南高等工業學校改制為成功大學後,在交通管理學系主任劉鼎新教授的努力爭取下,臺鐵於1958年將BK24解剖後贈與成大做為當時「機車學」課程之教具[7][8]。2015年10月成大委託民間廠商整修BK24,但此舉不夠謹慎而受輿論批評[9][10]

仿品

淡水區公所仿造之BK20
  • BK20低等複製品:位於新北市淡水區淡水老街廣場。2014年6月,淡水區公所為營造昔日臺鐵淡水車站BK10型蒸汽火車加水時的「火車吃水」意像,而委託廠商以玻璃纖維[11],並參考成功大學的同型車BK24打造而成的仿製品[12]。但BK20的外觀製作草率而引起輿論批評。

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 寺島京一. 《レイル》 No.23,〈旧台湾総督府鉄道の蒸気機関車〉. 日本: 株式会社エリエイ. 1988-06-15. ISBN 978-4-87112-173-6 (日语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 蘇照旭. 《台灣鐵路蒸汽火車》. 臺灣: 人人出版社. 2000. ISBN 978-957-976-738-5 (中文(臺灣)). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 張幸真. 國立成功大學校刊 第235期 癡心掏肺只為你-BK24蒸汽火車. 國立成功大學. 2011-11-01 [2020-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-11) (中文(臺灣)). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 国鉄400形蒸気機関車. [2017-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-20) (日语). 
  5. ^ 国鉄230形蒸気機関車. [2017-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-09) (日语). 
  6. ^ 台北鐵道. [2017-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15) (日语). 
  7. ^ 成大校園環境發展歷程. 國立成功大學. [2017-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2017-03-16) (中文(臺灣)). 
  8. ^ 成大BK24蒸汽火車 以嶄新的姿態迎接過往訪客. 中央社. 2012-11-23 [2017-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2017-03-16) (中文(臺灣)). 
  9. ^ 洪致文. 可怕的「意像式保存」景觀與文資概念!. 2015-12-01 [2017-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2017-09-03) (中文(臺灣)). 
  10. ^ 曹婷婷. 成大百年蒸汽火車 新妝惹議. 中國時報. 2015-11-07 [2017-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-28) (中文(臺灣)). 
  11. ^ EyeDoc. BK24 replica. 2014-05-03 [2017-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2017-04-15) (英语). 
  12. ^ 李雅雯. 〈台北都會〉淡水中正老街口 蒸汽火車再現. 自由時報. 2014-06-25 [2017-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-18) (中文(臺灣)). 

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