加速規

加速規(英語:accelerometer),又稱加速計加速針加速度感測器重力加速度感測器等等,是測量加速度的裝置。相對於遠距感測的裝置,它測量的是自身的運動

作用原理

加速規種類多樣,其常用的作用原理有壓電效應壓阻效應、電容式感應等。

應用

  • 加速規的應用之一是測量重力,特別是使用於重量測定法的加速規上,這樣的裝置稱為重力計
  • 和許多其它科學與工程系統一樣,加速規與陀螺儀一同使用於慣性導引系統中。MEMS(微機電系統)加速規最常見於現代汽車的安全氣囊系統上,以偵測碰撞發生時車輛突然的減速度。
  • 加速規可能是最簡單的MEMS裝置,有時只由一個懸臂和一個重鎚組成,利用撓曲和電路來測量加速度。MEMS加速規可以測量幾千個G的幅度,單軸、二軸、三軸都可以。
  • 加速規的廣泛使用使得自動化工業大幅降低成本。
  • 將加速規運用在定位的估算上的研究也正在進行。全球定位系統(簡稱「GPS」)必須接收到衛星訊號才能使用,如果裝置進到坑道內,就可以利用加速規來推斷位置。
  • 加速規也可以應用在貨物運送中,常見於木箱或紙箱外黏貼的一個裝置衝擊指示器,可以偵測運輸中碰撞發生對貨物產生的加速度G。[1]

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