N-甲基-D-天門冬胺酸受體

NMDA（英语：NMDA）
穀氨酸
一個NMDA受體的示意圖。麩胺酸鹽會與麩胺酸鹽結合位結合，而甘胺酸會與甘胺酸結合位結合。而會造成抑制受體活性的異位並沒有被佔據。NMDA受體需要有兩分子麩胺酸鹽或天門冬胺酸，與兩分子甘胺酸進行結合[1]。

N-甲基-D-天門冬胺酸受體（N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor，NMDAR），簡稱NMDA受體，為麩胺酸鹽受體，是一個主要的分子裝置，控制突觸的可塑性與記憶功能[2]。

NMDA受體是一種離子型麩胺酸鹽受體的特別型態。NMDA（N-甲基-D-天門冬胺酸）是一種選擇性致效劑，可以與NMDA受體結合，但是無法和其他麩胺酸鹽受體結合。NMDA受體的結合，會導致離子通道非選擇性地開啟，使陽離子通過，進而使平衡電位改變至接近0毫伏特。NMDA受體進行活化，必須依賴電壓，這會導致離子通道會阻擋細胞外的Mg2+與Zn2+離子通過，並允許Na+離子與少量Ca2+離子流入細胞，以及使K+離子流出細胞，並保持電壓的依賴性[3][4][5][6]。

參見

參考文獻

  1. ^ Laube B, Hirai H, Sturgess M, Betz H, Kuhse J. Molecular determinants of agonist discrimination by NMDA receptor subunits: analysis of the glutamate binding site on the NR2B subunit. Neuron. 1997, 18 (3): 493–503. PMID 9115742. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81249-0. 
  2. ^ Li F, Tsien JZ. Memory and the NMDA receptors. N. Engl. J. Med. 2009, 361 (3): 302–3. PMC 3703758 可免费查阅. PMID 19605837. doi:10.1056/NEJMcibr0902052. 
  3. ^ Dingledine R, Borges K, Bowie D, Traynelis SF. The glutamate receptor ion channels. Pharmacol. Rev. March 1999, 51 (1): 7–61 [2014-04-27]. PMID 10049997. （原始内容存档于2020-10-27）. 
  4. ^ Liu Y, Zhang J. Recent development in NMDA receptors. Chin. Med. J. October 2000, 113 (10): 948–56 [2014-04-27]. PMID 11775847. （原始内容存档于2014-04-27）. 
  5. ^ Cull-Candy S, Brickley S, Farrant M. NMDA receptor subunits: diversity, development and disease. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. June 2001, 11 (3): 327–35 [2014-04-27]. PMID 11399431. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(00)00215-4. （原始内容存档于2020-07-24）. 
  6. ^ Paoletti P, Neyton J. NMDA receptor subunits: function and pharmacology. Curr Opin Pharmacol. February 2007, 7 (1): 39–47. PMID 17088105. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2006.08.011. 

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