^Kern & Dodge, Historical dictionary of modern Spain, 1700–1988. p. 361 "Under the influence of Fernando Villamil (1845–1898), Spain in 1886 produced the first torpedo boat destroyer."
参考文献
Chesneau, Roger. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860–1905. Conway Maritime Press. 1979. ISBN 0-85177-133-5.
Winfield, Rif; Lyon, David. The Sail and Steam Navy List: All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815–1889. London: Chatham Publishing. 2004. ISBN 978-1-86176-032-6.