非軍事區

越南非軍事區

非軍事區(英語:Demilitarized zone縮寫:DMZ),亦可譯為非武裝區非軍事化區[1][2]等。原為軍事術語,一般是指在接近停戰線(armistice demarcation line)間,對有領土糾紛所設立的緩衝區。在現代,也引申為網路安全用語中(參見DMZ)。[3]

設置非軍事區的目的,多以降低或避免衝突再爆發為主。在非軍事區內的交戰雙方,所屬的各軍事力量或裝備,除非另有約定,都應撤出非軍事區。

世界上的非軍事區多被視為中立領土英语Neutral territory,即交戰雙方均主張對其擁有主權、非殖民地、非無主地、非租借地等。

非軍事區往往會形成兩個國家間的事實邊界,少部分非軍事區也形成了自然保护区

非軍事區的分類

  1. 多邊非軍事區:如上海五国会晤机制中,中華人民共和國、與俄羅斯哈薩克斯坦吉爾吉斯斯坦塔吉克斯坦的約定;又如哥倫比亞曾在梅塔省拉烏里韋等五個城市設立的非軍事區。[4]
  2. 雙邊非軍事區:多以國際勢力介入而出現的非軍事區,可能有第三國或聯合國監督。如三八線一七線塞浦路斯聯合國緩衝區柏林圍牆等,就是著名的雙邊非軍事區。
  3. 單邊非軍事區:兩個軍力不相當的交戰國,其中一方片面所設立的非軍事區,其設立者不一定是軍力較弱者,如以色列單方宣布的非軍事區。

現存的非軍事區

已消失的非軍事區

相關條目

參考文獻

  1. ^ 朝鮮核設施在遭到武力摧毀後徹底失去理性,駐紮在DMZ(38線附近的非軍事化區)的自行火炮對準韓國萬炮齊發....《明鏡月刊》第76期
  2. ^ 南北韓開通一條連接兩國非軍事化區的道路. [2020-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-08). 
  3. ^ 如「軍事區」指允許在網際網路(WWWFTP等)的存取,而非軍事區則相反。
  4. ^ 參見哥倫比亞的安全問題英语Security_issues_in_Colombia(英文)

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