長腳蛛科
長腳蛛科 (學名:Tetragnathidae ),又名肖蛸科 或肖峭科 [ 1] ,是蜘蛛目 新蛛下目 一個蜘蛛 的科 ,由安東·門格 於1866年描述[ 2] 。
形態描述
本科物種有一具拉長了的身體、腿及螯肢 ,所結的蜘蛛網都是空心圓網,其網經長呈水平或稍微傾斜。部分物種通常可在近水的長長植被 裡發現[ 3] 。蜘蛛體長雌性約9~13毫米,雄性約7~8毫米。與多半蜘蛛相同,屬於本科物種皆有八單眼,其位置如下:
系統學
Opadometa fastigata in 喀拉拉邦
Mating behaviour of 山地肖峭
根據《中國動物志 》,本科包括六個亞科、20個屬[ 1] ,但有部分分類現時已獨立出去,但仍歸到金蛛總科 之下。
截至2019年4月 (2019-04 ) [update] ,World Spider Catalog 接納以下有現生種的屬[ 4] :
Alcimosphenus Simon, 1895 — Caribbean
Allende Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile, Argentina
Antillognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
Atelidea Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
Azilia Keyserling, 1881 — United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
Chrysometa Simon, 1894 — South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
Cyrtognatha Keyserling, 1881 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
Dianleucauge Song & Zhu, 1994 — China
Diphya Nicolet, 1849 — Asia, South America, Africa
Dolichognatha O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
Doryonychus Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
锯螯蛛属 锯螯蛛属 Simon, 1893 :見於印尼、巴西及薩摩亞。
Eryciniolia Strand, 1912 — New Zealand
Glenognatha Simon, 1887 — Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
Guizygiella Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — Asia
Hispanognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
銀腹蛛屬 Homalometa Simon, 1898 — Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
Leucauge White, 1841 :又名银鳞蛛属 [ 1] :v ,見於非洲、北美洲、亞洲、大洋洲、南美洲、中美洲及加勒比海。
Mecynometa Simon, 1894 — Africa, Guatemala, Brazil
Mesida Kulczyński, 1911 — Oceania, Asia, Africa
後蛛屬 Meta C. L. Koch, 1836 — Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
Metabus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
Metellina Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 — Africa, Asia, Canada
Metleucauge Levi, 1980 — Asia, United States
Mitoscelis Thorell, 1890 — Indonesia
Mollemeta Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile
Nanningia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997
Nanometa Simon, 1908 — Australia
Nediphya Marusik & Omelko, 2017 — Papua New Guinea
Neoprolochus Reimoser, 1927 — Indonesia
Okileucauge Tanikawa, 2001 — China, Japan
Opadometa Archer, 1951 — Asia, Papua New Guinea
Opas O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — South America, Mexico, Panama
Orsinome Thorell, 1890 — Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 — Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
Parameta Simon, 1895 — Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
Parazilia Lessert, 1938 — Congo
Pholcipes Schmidt & Krause, 1993 — Comoros
Pickardinella Archer, 1951 — Mexico
Pinkfloydia Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2011 — Australia
Sancus Tullgren, 1910 — Kenya, Tanzania
Schenkeliella Strand, 1934 — Sri Lanka
長腳蜘蛛屬 Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804 :又名肖蛸属 [ 1] :v — Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
Timonoe Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
隆背蛛屬 Tylorida Simon, 1894 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — China
Zhinu Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 — Taiwan, Korea, Japan
Zygiometella Wunderlich, 1995 — Israel
化石種
下列各屬只有化石種,沒有現生種[ 5] :
†Anameta Wunderlich, 2004 (古近纪 , Bitterfield and Baltic amber )
†Balticgnatha Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
†Corneometa Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
†Eometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
†Huergnina Selden & Penney, 2003 (白垩纪 , Las Hoyas, Spain )
†Macryphantes Selden, 1990 (Cretaceous)
†Palaeometa Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant )
†Palaeopachygnatha Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
†Priscometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
†Samlandicmeta Wunderlich, 2012 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
過往屬於本科的屬
參考文獻
^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 朱明生 ; 宋大祥 ; 張俊霞 (编). 《中国动物志》 (PDF) . 无脊椎动物 第35卷 蛛形纲 蜘蛛目 肖蛸科. 科學出版社 . 2003-10: 536 pp. [2020-12-24 ] . ISBN 9787030213259 (中文(简体)) .
^ Menge, Anton. Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig (N.F.). 1866, 1 .
^ Kindall; et al. Arachnidae: An Encyclopedia. San Diego, CA: Random House. 2005: 567.
^ Family: Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866 . World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. [2019-04-25 ] . (原始内容 存档于2021-05-04).
^ Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2018. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ), version 19.0, accessed on 7 October 2018.
Chickering, A.M. (1963). The Male of Mecynometa globosa (O. P.-Cambridge) (Araneae, Argiopidae). Psyche 70:180–183. PDF
外部連結