里山

丹波篠山市的稻田和森林里山景色

里山是源自日語的詞彙，是指由住家、聚落、耕地、池塘、溪流與山丘等混和而成的地景（英语：Landscape）。

涵意

「里山」在日語中原指定期依序採伐的次生林（如橡樹林、松樹林、竹林等），以及可供覆蓋屋頂、牲畜飼料及堆肥等用途的草地；[1] 是山林與平原間的過度帶，因人為開墾產生的鑲嵌地景（Mosaic）。[2]

2010年《生物多樣性公約》第十屆締約國大會以「里山」指涉位於高山和平原之間包含社區、森林和農業的混合地景或複合式農村生態系統，包含西班牙德埃萨系统、法國的風土系統等；會上通過「里山倡議」。

里山地景

在里山地景之內，許多不同種類的生態環境混合在一起，成為眾多野生物種棲地，並有助於防災、集水區保護等目的。[3][4][5]

常見的里山地景類別：[3]

  • 次生林地：由定期砍伐與其他人為管理的林地組成。
  • 稻田：灌水的稻田構成可提供其他生物棲息的溼地
  • 池塘、溝渠：可供灌溉的池塘、溝渠，同時也可供水生動植物棲息。
  • 牧場、次生草原：次生草原可充作牧場；草原上種植的芒草、矮竹可供作建物、器具的材料。

里山倡議

里山倡議（英語：Satoyama Initiative），以世界各地類似日本地區里山地景的複合式農村生態系統為目標，其願景為謀求兼顧生物多樣性維護與資源永續利用之平衡。[6][7]

2003

日本環境廳與聯合國大學高等研究所聯手發起「里山倡議」，最終於2010年第十屆《生物多樣性公約》締約國大會的第32號決議中獲得採納。[8] 里山倡議為重建「里山地景」，提出三摺法（英語：a three-fold approach），透過結合傳統生態學知識、現代科學、社區傳統等確保多樣生態系服務與管理模式；以及5項關鍵觀點[9]：

三褶法

  1. 集中智慧確保多樣生態系服務與價值
  2. 創新地整合傳統生態學知識與現代科學
  3. 在尊重社區傳統下，探索管理系統的新形式與新的公共財架構

5項關鍵觀點

  1. 在不超過環境承載量的前提下，使用自然資源
  2. 資源循環利用
  3. 重視當地傳統與文化
  4. 鼓勵各個利益相關人合作、參與管理
  5. 賦權當地社區，促進永續的社會經濟

參見

電影

  • 《龍貓》，一部背景設定於埼玉市里山地景的吉卜力作品

外部連結

维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：里山

參考

  1. ^ 經典雜誌【想望家園】創造循環型社會日本里山的智慧 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  2. ^ 廖仁慧. 里山精神在八煙 (PDF). 台灣生態工法基金會. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-02-12） （中文（臺灣））. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 里山倡議的核心概念與國際發展現況. 台灣環境資訊協會-環境資訊中心. [2017-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-20） （中文（繁體））. 
  4. ^ 台灣里山地圖 全台走透透. 上下游News&Market新聞市集. 2015-10-08 [2017-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-12） （中文（臺灣））. 
  5. ^ 里山資本主義. www.cna.com.tw. [2017-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-05-21）. 
  6. ^ 實踐里山倡議. www.kskk.org.tw. 裡山塾 - 觀樹教育基金會. [2017-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-24） （中文（臺灣））. 
  7. ^ COA. 原鄉實踐里山倡議精神之初探(農委會). www.coa.gov.tw. [2017-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-12）. 
  8. ^ 里山倡議 | 中華民國自然生態保育協會 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  9. ^ 趙榮台. 里山倡議 (PDF). 行政院農業委員會林業試驗所. [2022-11-02]. 原始内容存档于2020-10-27 （中文（臺灣））. 

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