許慎

許愼
经学家文字學家语言学家
許慎
國家漢朝
時代东汉
姓名許愼
zhòng
籍貫汝南郡召陵縣(今河南省漯河市境内)
後世稱號五经无双、字圣
出生约58年
逝世约147年(约90岁)
汝南召陵
說文解字

許慎(1世纪约58年或30年—2世纪约147年或121年),zhòng東漢汝南召陵(现属河南省漯河市召陵区)人,是漢代经学家文字學家语言学家,是中國文字學的開拓者,被譽為「字聖」。许慎著有《說文解字》。他另著有《五經異義[1]、《淮南鴻烈解詁》等书,已失传。陳壽祺著有《五經異義疏証》。

家世

許慎是炎帝神農氏的後裔。炎帝有後代縉雲氏,縉雲氏之後有共工氏。共工氏從孫太岳治水有功被封候,世稱「呂侯」。呂候的後裔文叔周朝初年被封於許地(今河南省許昌市東約18公里)。文叔以其所封之地為姓。其後,許國多次遷移,在公元前524年定居於容城(今河南省魯山縣東南大約15公里處)。至戰國初年,許國被楚國所滅。許國被滅之後,幸存下來的許氏家族遷向汝南汝水之濱的召陵。許慎即屬此一支。

生平

學界主流認為,許慎出生於汝南召陵縣萬歲里。許慎的生平見記於南朝宋范曄後漢書·許慎傳》,但只有85字,相當簡略。許慎曾担任太尉府祭酒,师从經學學者贾逵,為馬融所推崇,時人稱「五經無雙許叔zhòng」。他於公元100年(東漢和帝永元十一年)起,始作《說文解字》。历经21年,於建光元年(121年)著成的《說文解字》,是中國首部字典,它收單字九千三百五十有三(9353);重文一千一百六十有三(1163),分於五百四十部,归纳出了汉字五百四十个部首。許慎病重之時,遣子許沖獻書於漢安帝。許慎去世後,葬於郾城縣姬石鄉許莊村東。墓高十有五尺,徑四十有八尺。鄉人傳曰:“日動一釐,夜長三尺。”

《说文解字》
《说文解字》

後世紀念

朝時每年縣令學官會到許夫子墓前致祭,行一跪三叩禮康熙四十六年(1707年),郾城縣知縣溫德裕立“孝廉許公之墓”碑;光緒年間,郾城知縣王風森立「許夫子從祀文廟碑」。

1985年,許慎研究會第一次會議時,立「重修許慎墓碑記」。

注释

  1. ^ 后汉书·许慎传》:“初,慎以五经传说,臧否不同;于是撰为《五经异义》。”

延伸阅读

[在维基数据]

维基文库阅读此作者作品维基共享资源阅览影像
维基文库中的相关文本:後漢書·卷79下》,出自范晔後漢書

参考资料

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