红磷

紅磷
别名 赤磷
识别
CAS号 7723-14-0  checkY
性质
密度 2.36 g·cm−3
熔点 592.5 °C(865.6 K)[1]
沸点 416 °C(689 K)(升华)[2]
溶解性 不溶
溶解性酒精 微溶
危险性
主要危害 易燃
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

紅磷的一種同素異形體,因呈紅色而得名。

白磷加熱至 250°C 或暴露於陽光下一段時間即可獲得紅磷。紅磷的結構屬多分子不規則排列。

性质

红磷易燃,燃烧生成五氧化二磷

红磷可以和乙醇钾有机溶剂中反应,得到多磷阴离子。[3]

用途

红磷-碘

红磷和可用作三碘化磷的替代物用于有机物的碘化反应,例如将转化为相应的碘代烃[4]

R-OH —P, I2→ R-I

这一试剂也是有机合成中常用的还原剂,如用于羰基[5]磺酰氯[6]还原。

制备磷化物

磷和金属化合物,可以得到金属磷化物。

参考文献

  1. ^ Marckwald, W.; Helmholz, K. Phosphorus. Zeitschrift fuer Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, 1922. 124. 81-104. ISSN: 0044-2313.
  2. ^ Comet, M.; Siegert, B.; Schnell, F.; Pichot, V.; Ciszek, F.; Spitzer, D. Phosphorus-based nanothermites: a new generation of pyrotechnics illustrated by the example of n-CuO​/red P mixtures. Proceedings of the International Pyrotechnics Seminar, 2009. 36th. 57-63. ISSN: 0270-1898.
  3. ^ Minyoung Jo, Alina Dragulescu-Andrasi, L. Zane Miller, Chongin Pak, Michael Shatruk. Nucleophilic Activation of Red Phosphorus for Controlled Synthesis of Polyphosphides. Inorganic Chemistry. 2020-04-20, 59 (8): 5483–5489 [2021-05-25]. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00108. (原始内容存档于2021-04-19) (英语). 
  4. ^ Sulikowski, Gary A.; Sulikowski, Michelle M.; Haukaas, Michael H.; Moon, Bongjin. Iodomethane. e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2005. 1-10. ISBN 978-0-470-84289-8.
  5. ^ Friedrich Keller, Christoph Rüchardt. Bimolecular formation of radicals by hydrogen transfer. 14. The uncatalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of ?-Methylstyrene by 2,6-disubstituted 9,10-Dihydroanthracenes. Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung. 1998, 340 (7): 642–648 [2021-05-25]. ISSN 0941-1216. doi:10.1002/prac.19983400708 (德语). 
  6. ^ Tim Biggs, Tom Volek, Gary Jesionowski, Vaughn Romell. Improved 3-Hydroxythiophenol Synthesis. Synthetic Communications. 2013-02-01, 43 (6): 877–881 [2021-05-25]. ISSN 0039-7911. doi:10.1080/00397911.2011.611921 (英语). 

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