熱沃當怪獸

熱沃當野獸
(La bête du Gévaudan (French)
La Bèstia de Gavaudan (Occitan)
Wolf of Chazes
Lycopardus parthenophagus[1]
18世紀關於熱沃當野獸的繪畫
分類加斯丹从非洲买来并驯化的斑鬣狗
首次報導1764
國家 法蘭西王國
地區熱沃當

热沃当怪兽(法語:La Bête du GévaudanIPA:[la bɛːt dy ʒevodɑ̃]奧克語La Bèstia de Gavaudan)指的是1764年至1767年間出現在法蘭西王國原先的省熱沃當(現洛澤爾省上盧瓦爾省的一部份)馬爾熱里德山的狼型食人野獸。[2]據當時的目擊者聲稱,熱沃當野獸有著巨大的尾巴和鋒利的牙齒,此外也有人聲稱他們發現這野獸即使被槍命中也不會死去。

遭其杀害的人喉嚨被撕開,其狀甚慘。法國國王路易十五世爲了獵殺熱沃當野獸而耗費了大量人力物力,法國軍人、普通市民和獵人都參與到了熱沃當野獸獵殺行動中。[2]最後,是由猎人約翰·加斯丹(Jean Chastel)於1767年6月19日,以受過神父賜福的銀彈在聖達維殺了這頭野獸。這也是第一件有歷史文獻記載,以銀彈獵殺狼人的事件。約翰·加斯丹於兩個月後帶著這頭野獸覲見路易十五世,最後這匹野獸被埋葬在凡爾賽宮後院,但由於屍體這時都已腐爛,故路易十五世並未見到熱沃當野獸的真實樣貌。

根據不同來源,熱沃當野獸事件的遇難人數也有所變化。1987年的一份研究指出共有210件熱沃當野獸襲擊案件,其中113人死亡,49人受傷。被殺死的113人中98人的屍體都被吃掉了一部份。[2]但也有的研究認為熱沃當野獸殺死了60至100人,并造成至少30人受傷。[2]

现代理论认为这是加斯丹自导自演的杀人闹剧。他从非洲买来一只斑鬣狗并将其驯化,指使其去袭击村民,之后将其唤来杀死(银子弹并不适合远距离击杀目标,因为太重,弹道不稳,所以这是唯一的可能),企图获取奖赏,然而由于尸体腐烂而未能达成目的。

參考文獻

  1. ^ Woodward, Ian. The Werewolf Delusion. 1979: 256. ISBN 0-448-23170-0. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 The Fear of Wolves: A Review of Wolf Attacks on Humans (PDF). Norsk Institutt for Naturforskning. [2008-06-26]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-12-09). 

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