潭柘寺

潭柘寺
潭柘寺山门
全国重点文物保护单位
中华人民共和国国务院公布
地址北京市门头沟区
坐标39°54′03″N 116°01′50″E / 39.900761°N 116.030674°E / 39.900761; 116.030674
分类古建筑
时代明、清
编号5—195
认定时间2001年

岫云禅寺，通称潭柘（zhè）寺，位于中国北京市门头沟区潭柘山山腰，在108國道上。它始建于西晋年间（265年-316年），当时叫嘉福寺，是北京市最早的一座寺庙，民间曾有“先有潭柘寺，后有北京城”（应该是“先有潭柘，后有幽州”）之说。

历史

潭柘寺西晋始建时称嘉福寺，在唐代叫龙泉寺，金代重修之后称大万寿寺，元、明、清三代都有修建。清康熙重建，赐名岫云禅寺。寺名虽经历代改名，但潭柘寺这一俗称一直沿袭下来，潭柘的名字源于寺后有龙潭，山上有柘树。

潭柘寺的建筑布局

潭柘寺分为三格：

  • 中路：佛殿-山门、天王殿、大雄宝殿、毗卢阁。在大雄宝殿东侧有一棵古老的银杏树（至2010年已有1700余年树龄），有“帝王树”之称，西侧与其对称的一棵称为“配王树”。中路还有松树、婆罗树、玉兰树和一些名贵花木。后殿是毗卢阁，往下可俯瞰全寺景观。
  • 东路：是清代皇帝游山到此休息的行宫。其中最著名的是流杯亭。亭内挂有乾隆帝亲笔书写的“猗亭”横匾。
  • 西路：是一些散落的径院，佛殿建筑物有方有圆，最高处为观音殿，殿角系铜铃。

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