沙地圣母堂

沙地圣母堂
Kościół Najświętszej Marii Panny na Piasku (波蘭語)
基本信息
位置弗罗茨瓦夫沙岛
宗教罗马天主教
总教区天主教弗罗茨瓦夫总教区
官方网站nmpnapiasku.parafialnastrona.pl
建筑详情
建筑风格哥特式建筑
竣工1334 – 1430
1946 – 1948、1961 – 1963(重建)
建筑材料石、砖
詳細規格
長度78米(256英尺)
寬度25米(82英尺)
最高高度41米(135英尺)
地圖
地图

沙地圣母堂 (波蘭語Kościół Najświętszej Marii Panny na Piasku, 德語:Kirche Unserer lieben Frau auf dem Sande, Sandkirche) 是一座罗马天主教教堂,位于西里西亚弗罗茨瓦夫城市中心奥得河沙岛上。建于12世纪,是该国最古老的哥特式教堂之一。

历史

十一世纪末,帕拉廷伯爵的后代、波兰大贵族 Piotr Włostowic 允许在这个小岛上建造一座罗马式教堂,因此得名“沙滩上”。[1] 这个强大的家族参与了西里西亚的福音化 。该堂供奉总督夫人玛丽亚·沃斯特的主保圣人圣母玛利亚。大门上方的门楣处有一尊圣母子的雕像,旁边是总督夫人怀抱儿子的跪像。

哥特式教堂

14世纪,拆除罗马风教堂,以便为一座更大的哥特式教堂让路。这座砖砌教堂建于1334年至1430年间,由建筑师佩舍尔设计。原设计有有两座钟楼,但北塔未能完成。中殿长78米,拥有巨大的窗户。哥特式拱顶高达24米。接下来的几个世纪里,又进行了其他一些工程,包括安东尼奥·科尔丁在1666年建造的圣十字小堂。这是该市最古老的巴洛克建筑。1632年三十年战争期间,该教堂被瑞典军队洗劫。一个世纪后,闪电击中了南塔,摧毁了它的屋顶,几天前,刚刚祝福了4.7吨重的新钟。在七年战争期间,普鲁士人将教堂用作弹药库。

第二次世界大战

1944年,希特勒布雷斯劳打造成一座堡垒。1945年,当苏联军队向西推进时,沙地教堂和这些建筑充当了德国军队的总部,德国军队意识到要打一场殊死的战斗。[2] 赫尔曼·尼霍夫将军指挥第371步兵师。在战斗中,布雷斯劳的大部分历史遗迹被摧毁或严重损坏。沙地教堂也被烧毁。巴洛克风格的内部完全消失了,迈克尔·威尔曼的画作、弗兰兹·约瑟夫·曼戈尔德的巴洛克讲坛,以及管风琴都被火焰摧毁了。

德国人在战后被驱逐出西里西亚,被来自东部的波兰难民所取代。这座城市的官方名称改为弗罗茨瓦夫,归属于波兰。1946年开始了一项修复教堂的计划,那时教堂已只剩下墙壁仍然矗立在那里。拱顶被重建起来。比萨拉比亚马里亚姆皮利的天主教徒向教堂献上了16世纪的圣母像,那里已成为乌克兰[3] 教堂的内部由该市其他被毁教堂和教区博物馆中幸存的零件组成。只有门楣和圣洗池还是原物。华沙艺术家特蕾莎·雷克拉夫斯卡于1968年创作了新的现代花窗玻璃,描绘新约中的场景.[4]。。

参考

  1. ^ Marcin Bukowski: Wyspy Odrzańskie kolebka Wrocławia. Wrocław: Dolnośląskie Towarzystwo Społeczno-Kulturalne, 1974
  2. ^ Kościół w miejscu cyrku? Tylko na wyspie Piasek | Wrocław nad Odrą. wroclawnadodra.pl. [2020-12-30]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-14). 
  3. ^ Matka Boża Zwycięska z Mariampola. niedziela.pl. [2020-12-30] (波兰语). 
  4. ^ T.M. Reklewska - artystka witrażu. Witraże, szkło artystyczne w architekturze. Szkło gięte. [2020-12-30]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-18) (pl-pl). 

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