本头公

曼谷帕世乍能县本頭公庙
曼谷挽叻县本頭媽廟

本头公（泰語：ปุนเถ้ากง Pun Thao Kong），又作老本头公，是东南亚潮州移民信奉的神明[1][2]，為當地華人社群的守護神，在中国本土并不存在。有説法稱本頭公在泰國曼谷是最多廟宇供奉的中國神明。

亦有稱本頭媽的女性神明，在泰國亦可見本頭媽廟，如曼谷挽叻县本头妈庙。有的廟宇將本頭媽和本頭公合祀。

由來傳説

本頭公是南洋華人自行演創出的神明，其由來有多種説法。如有傳説稱本頭公原本是鄭和船隊的一員，有記載稱他移居並客死呂宋[2]。有傳説稱本頭公源自水滸傳中的强盜燕青，他反抗朝廷失敗，逃亡暹羅，向當地人教授拳法，死後被奉爲神。亦有傳説將本頭公同其他暹羅歷史人物關聯[3]。後世研究認爲他很有可能實際上是南洋華人移民的先驅[2]。

供奉

泰國曼谷建有諸多本頭公廟，在外府如孔敬、龙仔厝（英语：Samut Sakhon）亦有本頭公廟，有説法稱本頭公是曼谷最多廟宇供奉的中國神明[4]。本頭公像常是著中國舊式戰甲的軍人，或是著官服的老者形象[5]。崇拜本頭公的主要是潮州人。

曼谷最大的本頭公廟在曼谷嵩越路。各地的本頭公廟最初的綫香皆取自嵩越路大本头公庙[6][2]。

本頭公信仰還和泰國本地的毗溼奴崇拜結合，有些本頭公廟以毗溼奴像供奉本頭公[7]。

泰國中國學學者頌猜（Somchai Kwangthongpanich）稱，本頭公信仰可追溯到阿瑜陀耶時代，在當時大城的Yan Nai Kai市場和Pak Nam Mae Bia（英语：Khlong Suan Phlu）有許多本頭公廟[8]。

參見

參考文獻

  1. ^ Sucharit, Supakan. คติความเชื่อและรูปแบบเทพเจ้า "ปุนเถ้ากง" ของชาวจีนในสมัยรัตนโกสินทร์: กรณีศึกษาในเขตกรุงเทพมหานคร [The study of religious beliefs and iconography of the sacred images "Ben Tou Gong" in Bangkok] (PDF). Silpakorn University. [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-10-24） （泰语）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Spirit of Asia. INTER-CULTURAL FAITH. Thai PBS. 2022-05-08 [2022-05-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-18）. 
  3. ^ G.W.史金纳; 林俊绵, 许华. 泰国华侨社会,史的分析(续). 南洋问题资料译丛. 1964-07-01, 02 (1964): 71. 
  4. ^ จำหน่ายศาลตี่จู้เอี้ย ปลีก-ส่ง By ศาลเจ้าจีน ไทยแลนด์ ออนไลน์. #ปุนเถ่ากง เทพเจ้าแห่งชาวจีน [#Pun Tao Kong god of Chinese people]. Facebook. 2015-05-02 [2022-05-13] （泰语）. 
  5. ^ ศาลเจ้าปุนเถ้ากง [Pun Tao Kong Shrine]. Visitsk.org. [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-29） （泰语）. 
  6. ^ Lao Pun Tao Kong Shrine. Tourist Bangkok. [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-27）. 
  7. ^ เหนือความงามคือจิตวิญญาณ ‘ศาลเจ้าจีน’ ในเมืองไทย มรดกโพ้นทะเลสู่ยุคร่วมสมัย [Beyond beauty is the spirit of ‘Chinese shrines’ in Thailand, an overseas heritage to the contemporary era]. Matichon. 2022-02-05 [2022-05-12]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-18） （泰语）. 
  8. ^ “ปุนเถ้ากง-ตี้จูเอี๊ย” เทพผู้คุ้มครองบ้าน-ชุมชนชาวจีนโพ้นทะเล [“Pun Tao Kong-Tudigong” home tutelary deities - overseas Chinese community]. Siamrath. 2017-09-17 [2022-05-12]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-11） （泰语）. 

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