摩诃三末多

摩诃三末多
統治11万亿年
SuccessorRoja (Roca)
配偶Manikpala
全名
摩奴(မနု}
宗教信仰佛教

摩诃三末多 (巴利語महासम्मत; 緬甸語မဟာ သမ္မတ,字面意思是“大等”,即大平等王[1][2]),也被称作卡迪亚(Khattiya)、拉者(Rāja), 是佛教传统中世界上第一个君主。 上座部佛教史书《大史》(Mahāvaṃsa)和《琉璃宫史》(Maha Yazawin)中记述他是释迦族的始祖。他是十一个叫做摩诃三末多的世界君主中的第一个,每个君主都开创了一个属于自己的王朝[3]

概述

摩诃三末多生于世界创立之初的南瞻部洲(当时地面上适合居住的大陆),其家族属于太阳王朝。因为尚未建立政治秩序,所以人们把他选为国王[1][4]他登上王位后取王号“摩诃三末多”[2] ,立毗湿奴之妹Manikpala为王后。统治期间,制定国法,选任贤人,建立军队,开拓疆土[5]。此外,他还分别了四个等级——统治者、婆罗门、富人、穷人,主持编纂了第一部法典dhammasattha英语dhammasattha[4]

根据《大史小传》(提卡)的记载,摩诃三末多上一世是个菩萨[6]Jātaka 中记载Mahāmandhātā是摩诃三末多的重重重重孙,也是一位菩萨,并把摩诃三末多作为一个虽然已经功德圆满(甚至受到神的祝福)但仍然会死的例子[7]Cetiya Jātaka 中记载摩诃三末多的寿命是一阿僧祇

后续

阿难陀寺里的迦叶佛 – 南向
惧留孙佛 – 北向
俱那含佛 – 东向
乔达摩佛 – 西向

摩诃三末多的王朝据说有6万3千个国王,因无人信奉佛法而灭亡。第二王朝的创始人沿用了摩诃三末多的称号,自称摩诃三末多二世,这个王朝也在传了6万3千个国王后灭亡,之后的王朝延续着这个兴起又灭亡的循环,直到历史上释迦摩尼的时代。而按照斯里兰卡和缅甸史书中的说法,每一个朝代都延续了8千亿年,这意味着大地诞生于10万亿年前[8]。按照这个传统,从摩诃三末多到释迦摩尼之间总共有334569个国王[9]

按照上座部佛教传统上的说法,总共出现过二十八佛。前七个朝代中有二十四佛,后四个朝代中则是最近四佛[10]

姓名 时代
惧留孙佛 摩诃三末多第八王朝
俱那含佛 摩诃三末多第九王朝
迦叶佛 摩诃三末多第十王朝
乔达摩佛 摩诃三末多第十一王朝

重要性

摩诃三末多在各教派的记叙中多次被提及。除了上座部佛教外,藏传佛教认为他是政治思想的创始人[11]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Kapferer 1997: 68
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Rhys Davids 2006: 88
  3. ^ Kala 1724: 46–51
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Kala 1724: 46–48
  5. ^ Kapferer 2002: 112
  6. ^ Malalasekera, GP. Mahāsammata. Tipitaka (Drei-Korb), der Pali Kanon des Theravāda-Buddhismus. [7 May 2015]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-21). 
  7. ^ Malalasekera, GP. Mandhātā. Tipitaka (Drei-Korb), der Pali Kanon des Theravāda-Buddhismus. [7 May 2015]. (原始内容存档于2020-01-24). 
  8. ^ Mahānāma 1999: 57 in the footnotes by editor Douglas Bullis
  9. ^ Mahā Thilawuntha 1928: 81
  10. ^ Kala 1724: 51
  11. ^ Heissig 1980: 69

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