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戈拉尼語
戈拉尼語
گۆرانی; Goranî
母语国家和地区	伊拉克及伊朗
区域	庫爾德斯坦（主要是哈拉曼（英语：哈拉曼），以及貝斯加米安（英语：Beth Garmai）和尼尼微省）
母语使用人数	350,000 （2014）
語系	印歐語系印度-伊朗语族伊朗語支西伊朗語支（英语：Western Iranian languages）西北伊朗語支（英语：Northwestern Iranian languages）扎扎-戈拉尼語言（英语：Zaza–Gorani languages）戈拉尼語; ; ; ; ; ;
方言	哈拉米語(Hawrami); 沙巴基語（英语：Shabaki language）; 薩利語(Sarli); 巴杰拉尼語(Bajelani)
語言代碼
ISO 639-3	hac
Glottolog	gura1251
ELP	Gurani; Bajelani;
语言瞭望站	58-AAA-b

戈拉尼語（Gorani 或"哈拉米語"(Hawrami)；亦稱"古拉尼語"(Gurani)，^[2]庫爾德語: گۆرانی (Goranî)，為"歌曲"之意）^[5]是伊朗西北部（英语：Northwestern Iranian languages）庫爾德人所說的語言^[6]，與扎扎其語共同構成扎扎-戈拉尼語言（英语：Zaza–Gorani languages）語群。^[2]所有戈拉尼語在詞彙和形態上都受到庫爾德語的影響。^[6]戈拉尼語被許多研究人員認為是庫爾德方言。^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]有些人認為它是庫爾德人的文學語言。^[10]

戈拉尼語有四種方言：巴杰拉尼語(Bajelani)、哈拉米語(Hawrami)、薩利語(Sarli)，以及沙巴基語（英语：Shabaki language），戈拉尼語通行於伊拉克與伊朗等國。^[2]戈拉尼語的方言之中，哈拉米語是札格羅斯山脈歷史悠久的阿爾達蘭（英语：Ardalan）地區庫爾德人的傳統文學語言及自然共通語，^[11]^[12]但此後已被中庫爾德語與南庫爾德語（英语：Southern Kurdish）所取代。^[13]

註釋

^ 戈拉尼語于《民族语》的链接（第18版，2015年）
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Gurani. Iranica Online. [30 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-17）.
^ Bajalan. Iranica Online. [30 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-06）.
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Gurani. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
^ Michael M. Gunter. Historical Dictionary of the Kurds. Rowman & Littlefield. 2018: 127. ISBN 978-1538110508.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Michiel Leezenberg. Gorani Influence on Central Kurdish: Substratum or Prestige Borrowing? (PDF). ILLC - Department of Philosophy, University of Amsterdam. 1993 [29 May 2019]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-07-12）.
^ G. Tavadze. Spreading of the Kurdish language dialects and writing systems used in the middle east. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences. 2019, 13 (1): 170–174 [30 April 2020].
^ Jaffer Sheyholislami. Language Varieties of the Kurds. 2015 [30 April 2020].
^ Hossein Hassani; Dzejla Medjedovic. Automatic Kurdish Dialects Identification. Computer Science & Information Technology ( CS & IT ). February 2016: 61–78 [30 April 2020]. ISBN 9781921987489. doi:10.5121/csit.2016.60307 .
^ Ara, Behrooz Chaman; Amiri, Cyrus. Gurani: practical language or Kurdish literary idiom?. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 2018-08-08, 45 (4): 627–643 [2021-09-29]. ISSN 1353-0194. doi:10.1080/13530194.2018.1430536. （原始内容存档于2021-01-05）.
^ Chaman Ara، Behrooz. The Kurdish Shahnama and its Literary and Religious Implications. ISBN 1511523492.
^ چمن آرا، ب، درآمدی بر ادب حماسی و پهلوانی کُردی با تکیه بر شاهنامه کُردی، جستارهای ادبی سال چهل و چهارم بهار 1390 شماره 172. ^{[失效連結]}
^ Meri, Josef W. Medieval Islamic Civilization: A–K, index. p 444

參考文獻

D.N.MacKenzie. The Dialect of Awroman (Hawraman-i Luhon). Kobenhavn. 1966. [1]

參閱

外部連結

The Dialect of Awroman( Hawraman-i Luhon) by D.N.MacKenzie
Ergativity and Role-Marking in Hawrami by Anders Holmberg, University of Newcastle & CASTL and David Odden, Ohio State University
The Noun Phrase in Hawrami^{[永久失效連結]} by Anders Holmberg, University of Newcastle & CASTL and David Odden, Ohio State University

[e18-1] 戈拉尼語于《民族语》的链接（第18版，2015年）

[dialects-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Gurani. Iranica Online. [30 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-17）.

[3] Bajalan. Iranica Online. [30 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-06）.

[Glottolog-4] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Gurani. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.

[5] Michael M. Gunter. Historical Dictionary of the Kurds. Rowman & Littlefield. 2018: 127. ISBN 978-1538110508.

[leezenberg-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Michiel Leezenberg. Gorani Influence on Central Kurdish: Substratum or Prestige Borrowing? (PDF). ILLC - Department of Philosophy, University of Amsterdam. 1993 [29 May 2019]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-07-12）.

[7] G. Tavadze. Spreading of the Kurdish language dialects and writing systems used in the middle east. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences. 2019, 13 (1): 170–174 [30 April 2020].

[8] Jaffer Sheyholislami. Language Varieties of the Kurds. 2015 [30 April 2020].

[9] Hossein Hassani; Dzejla Medjedovic. Automatic Kurdish Dialects Identification. Computer Science & Information Technology ( CS & IT ). February 2016: 61–78 [30 April 2020]. ISBN 9781921987489. doi:10.5121/csit.2016.60307 .

[10] Ara, Behrooz Chaman; Amiri, Cyrus. Gurani: practical language or Kurdish literary idiom?. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 2018-08-08, 45 (4): 627–643 [2021-09-29]. ISSN 1353-0194. doi:10.1080/13530194.2018.1430536. （原始内容存档于2021-01-05）.

[11] Chaman Ara، Behrooz. The Kurdish Shahnama and its Literary and Religious Implications. ISBN 1511523492.

[12] چمن آرا، ب، درآمدی بر ادب حماسی و پهلوانی کُردی با تکیه بر شاهنامه کُردی، جستارهای ادبی سال چهل و چهارم بهار 1390 شماره 172. ^{[失效連結]}

[13] Meri, Josef W. Medieval Islamic Civilization: A–K, index. p 444

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