尼加拉瓜政治

尼加拉瓜是一个总统制国家，尼加拉瓜总统是该国的最高领导人，兼有国家元首与政府首脑的职责。该国的行政权由政府行使。该国实行多党制。该国立法权属于政府和国民议会，司法权独立于行政机关和立法机关。

总统与副总统

主要官員
職位 名稱 所屬政黨 就任日期
总统 丹尼尔·奥尔特加 桑地诺民族解放阵线 2016年1月11日
副总统 罗萨里奥·穆里略 桑地诺民族解放阵线 2016年1月11日

政党

尼加拉瓜的主要政党有：

  • 桑地诺民族解放阵线（简称“桑解阵”）：为该国的执政党。1961年7月23日成立，主要由工人、农民和知识分子组成，为推翻索摩查军人独裁统治进行了长期的武装斗争。
  • 独立自由党：为该国的反对党。1944年成立，主要由自由民族主义党中不满索摩查家族而脱离出来的成员组成。
  • 制宪自由党：为该国的反对党。1968年成立。1996年首度执政。2001年11月在大选中再度获胜。
  • 尼加拉瓜自由联盟：为该国的反对党。2006年由前内政部长蒙特亚莱格雷创建，从制宪自由党中分离产生。
  • 桑地诺革新运动：为该国的反对党。1995年5月18日成立。主要由从桑解阵分离出来的部分干部、知识分子和艺术家组成，主张维护社会民主、法制、公平。[1]

宪法

尼加拉瓜共和国宪法于1986年8月由国民议会通过，1987年1月生效。1995年2月、2000年1月和2004年12月三次修改宪法。规定尼是独立、自由、自主、统一和不可分割的国家。国家中央权力机构由总统、国民大会、最高法院和最高选举委员会组成，总统为国家元首、政府首脑和武装部队总司令。总统和议员都由选举产生，任期5年。总统任命内阁部长须经议会批准，议会有权罢免政府官员和推翻总统否决法案的决定。[1]

议会

尼加拉瓜国民议会为一院制，由92名议员组成，任期5年。议长任期1年，可连选连任。本届议会于2017年1月组成，其中桑解阵71席，制宪自由党14席，独立自由党2席，尼加拉瓜自由联盟2席，保守党1席，共和国联盟1席，“土地母亲的孩子”党1席。现任议长为桑解阵成员古斯塔沃·爱德华多·波拉斯，任期至2020年。[1]

外交

主条目：尼加拉瓜外交

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 尼加拉瓜国家概况 — 中华人民共和国外交部. [2022-01-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-07）. 

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