安纳托利亚历史

安纳托利亚历史可以粗略得分为史前、古代近东(铜器时代和铁器时代早期)、古典安纳托利亚、古希腊安纳托利亚、拜占庭安纳托利亚以及之后13-14世纪开始的奥斯曼安纳托利亚。

史前

在Gediz河旁发现了100万年前的石器工具[1]

青铜时期

早铜器时代

安纳托利亚保持着史前状态,直到公元前24世纪,受到由萨尔贡一世统治的阿卡德帝国的外围影响。

中铜器时代

随着中青铜时期的结束,赫梯开始出现。在哈图西里一世时期其征服了哈图沙

后铜器时代

赫梯帝国在公元前14世纪达到顶峰,包括安纳托利亚中部、叙利亚西北部和上美索不达米亚。

铁器时代

在公元前2千年,铜器时代结束。安纳托利亚的西海岸被希腊愛奧尼亞人占据。

吕底亚王国

呂底亞在公元前687年称为Maeonia,在安纳托利亚西部的历史上占据一大部分。第一个王朝是Atyad王朝,最初在公元前1300年出现。

古典时期

公元前550年,存在了一百多年的米底王国被波斯人的叛乱所灭亡。

由居鲁士一世建立的阿契美尼德王朝,在大流士一世统治下继续向外扩张。

公元前336年,马其顿国王腓力遇刺。其儿子成为新的统治者。他立即展开行动,建立了一支强大的军队来对抗波斯。公元前334年,他在安纳托利亚海岸,加里波利半島附近的Sestos登陆。

公元前323年,亚历山大突然去世,留下了马其顿帝国的权利真空。塞琉古一世在12年(公元前299 -287年)的时间里首先建造一个都城——Antioch,这个是以他的父亲Antiochus的名字命名。

第二次布匿战争中,罗马在西班牙、非洲和意大利遭受了困难,由于著名的迦太基将军汉尼拔令人印象深刻的战略。在公元前215年汉尼拔与马其顿的菲利普五世结盟后,罗马用一支小型的海军力量与埃托利亚同盟合作,帮助抵御东部的汉尼拔,并阻止马其顿在西方安纳托利亚的扩张。

拜占庭安纳托利亚

罗马帝国的持续不稳定逐渐使它变得越来越难以控制。公元330年,崛起中的皇帝君士坦丁大帝做出了一个大胆的决定,自己将从罗马搬到一个新的首都。它坐落在拜占庭的旧城,改称为君士坦丁堡。君士坦丁堡进行了加强和改善,以确保对整个地区进行充分的防卫。

塞尔柱突厥人和安纳托利亚侯国

Great Seljuk Empire (dark green) and neighboring states, circa 1090

在突厥人迁入之前,安纳托利亚的人口在后罗马时期大约达到120万至140万。

参考文献

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2018-01-21]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-11). 

资料来源

  • Bevan, Edwyn Robert (1902). The House of Seleucus. E. Arnold.
  • Botsford, George Willis (1922). Hellenic History. The Macmillan Company.
  • Bury, John Bagnell (1913). A History of Greece to the Death of Alexander the Great. Macmillan.
  • Duncker, Max (1879). The History of Antiquity, Volume III. Richard Bentley & Son.
  • Freeman, Charles (1999). Egypt, Greece and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198721943.
  • Hornblower, Simon; Antony Spawforth (1996). The Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
  • Marek, Christian (2010), Geschichte Kleinasiens in der Antike C. H. Beck, Munich, ISBN 9783406598531 (review: M. Weiskopf, Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2010.08.13).
  • Mommsen, Theodor (1906). The History of Rome: The Provinces, from Caesar to Diocletian. Charles Scribner's Sons.
  • Ramsay, W.M. (1904). The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia. Hodder & Stoughton.

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