天使在美国

天使在美國:千禧年降臨
Angels in America: Millennium Approaches
劇作家托尼·库士纳(Tony Kushner)
角色Joe Pitt
Roy Cohn
艾瑟尔·罗森堡
無家可歸的女人
Harper Pitt
Leatherman
Belize
Louis Ironson
Prior Walter
天使
首演日期1991年5月 (1991-05)
首演地點Eureka Theatre Company
加州三藩市
原語言英語
主題 
類型劇情
設定紐約市、鹽湖城及Elsewhere
1985至86年
IBDB介紹
天使在美國:重建
Angels in America: Perestroika
劇作家托尼·库士纳
角色Joe Pitt
Roy Cohn
艾瑟尔·罗森堡
Harper Pitt
Belize
Louis Ironson
Prior Walter
天使
Continental Principalities
首演日期1992年11月8日 (1992-11-08)
首演地點Mark Taper Forum
加州洛杉磯
原語言英語
主題 
類型劇情
設定紐約市及Elsewhere
1986至90年
IBDB介紹

天使在美国》(又译《美国天使》,英文原名Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes,简称Angels in America),是美国剧作家托尼·库士纳创作的一部共两部分的戏剧,後来又被改编为电视连续短剧和歌剧

剧情概述

故事发生於20世纪80年代中期的纽约,《千禧年降临》的第一幕介绍了中心人物路易·爱恩森(Louis Ironson)。他是一名神经质的犹太人,与同性恋爱人HIV携带者普莱尔·沃尔特(Prior Walter)住在一起。普莱尔後来发现自己艾滋病病发,随着他病情的逐渐恶化,路易无法承受住巨大的情感压力便搬离了两人的共同住处。与此同时,在城市中另一方,有一位名为乔·皮特(Joe Pitt)的共和党律师,一位摩门教徒,在尽力压制自己的同性恋倾向。他的导师罗依·康给了他一次很大的升职机会,乔没有立即接受,接受这次升职意味着他和妻子得搬家,他得征求他的妻子的意见。他的妻子有安定药物依赖和旷野恐惧症,她拒绝搬迁。。罗伊本人也是未出柜的同性恋者,新进也被诊断为艾滋病。

随着剧情发展,普莱尔发现经常有鬼魂天使来拜访他,还被这些人称为先知;乔在自己的宗教信仰和性取向的矛盾中痛苦挣扎;路易十分後悔抛弃了爱人,时刻受到良心的折磨;乔的妈妈汉娜(Hannah)得知儿子是同性恋後搬到纽约,要照顾儿媳;而罗依·康本人也是一位同志,因为艾滋病住进了医院,负责护理他的护士是一位名为伯利兹(Belize)的黑人同志,他是普莱尔的好友,原来从事过女装表演;最后,原来冷战时期因为罗依·康的幕後操纵而被美国司法处以极刑的共产党艾瑟尔·罗森堡也化为鬼魂来報復他。

全剧充满了黑色幽默悲剧色彩,对白极为出色,在一些需要特殊效果衬托的地方展现出很浓的戏剧风格。大多数演员都一人分饰几角,比如扮演普莱尔的护士的演员,也同时扮演美国天使。剧中对圣经和美国政治经济文化种族环境现象有非常多的引用,也有发生在南极天堂的戏份,也涉及了旧金山的大地震与纽约中央公园中的毕士大(Bethesda)天使像。

很多观众与评论家都认为此剧是美国近年来最有影响力的戏剧之一。

制作历史

第一部分名为《千禧年降临》(Millenium Approaches),由Eureka Thretre Company of San Francisco於1991年5月上演,导演是David Esbjornson,由剧作者本人和长期合作伙伴Mark Taper Forum of Los Angeles共同改编。1992年1月,此剧於伦敦一家皇家国家剧院首演,导演迪克蘭‧唐納倫英语Declan Donnellan,后来持续上演了一年。

第二部分名为《重建》(Perestroika),在第一部分上演时仍然在编写过程中。后来以读剧形式上演了几次,分别在Eureka Theatre(第一部分上演时)和Mark Taper Forum(1992年五月)登场。1992年11月,此部分在伦敦国家剧院首演,仍然由Declan Donnellan导演,於再版的《千禧年降临》同为保留换演剧目。

1993年此剧在百老汇首演,地点是Walter Kerr Theatre。5月《千禧年降临》上演,11月《重建》也加入了剧目中。

此剧两部分一共持续大约7小时长。

戏剧奖项

第一部「千禧年降臨」(Millennium Approaches

  • 1990 肯尼迪中心新美国戏剧基金会奖
  • 1991 湾区戏剧评论家奖最佳戏剧
  • 1991 国家艺术俱乐部Joseph Kesselring奖
  • 1992 伦敦子夜标准奖最佳新晋戏剧
  • 1992 伦敦戏剧评论家奖最佳新晋戏剧
  • 1993 剧评人奖最佳戏剧
  • 1993 纽约戏剧评论家奖最佳戏剧
  • 1993 普利策奖戏剧奖
  • 1993 托尼奖最佳戏剧

第二部「重建」(Perestroika

  • 1992 肯尼迪中心新美国戏剧基金会奖
  • 1992 洛杉矶戏剧评论家奖最佳新晋戏剧

最后,文学评论家Harold Bloom在1994年出版了一本有争议的书《The Western Canon》,书中他列举了自己认为文学史上最重要的一些作品,此剧就正好列在了最后一位。

HBO的连续短剧

2003年,HBO电影台将此剧拍摄成为一部电视连续短剧,托尼·库士纳负责改编自己的剧本,迈克·尼克尔斯导演。HBO将此剧分为不同格式播出:大的部分有两个,分别三小时长,对应《千禧年降临》和《重建》两个部分,其中每一小时为一章,对应戏剧中某一两幕。前三章於12月7日首映,在全世界范围内都广受好评。《天使在美国》是2003年收视率最高的有线电视台电视电影/连续短剧类节目,并赢得了接下来的金球奖艾美奖最佳连续短剧奖。

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