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合鳃鱼科
	Monopterus albus
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	辐鳍鱼綱 Actinopteri
目：	合鳃目 Synbranchiformes; Boulenger, 1904
科：	合鳃鱼科 Synbranchidae; Bonaparte, 1835
模式種
	Synbranchus marmoratus; Bloch, 1795
屬
	見內文

合鰓魚科（學名：Synbranchidae）為輻鰭魚綱合鰓目的其中一科，其物種的外型與鰻鱼相似，分佈於熱帶及亞熱帶的淡水水域^[4]。本科絕大多數物種能夠呼吸空氣，棲息於沼澤、池塘及潮濕的環境，在水源乾涸時，又會埋藏自己於泥內。

分佈

本科魚類主要分佈於全球熱帶、亞熱帶淡水水域^[4]；但根據FishBase等的數據，本科物種分佈於亞洲印度东部至澳大利亚北部、西非、從墨西哥起始到中美洲及南美洲一帶的淡水及鹹淡水交界水域^[5]^[6]。

特徵

本科魚類體細長呈圓形，尾細而尖，全體與蛇相似。體裸露無鱗片，成魚無胸鰭、腹鰭，背鰭與臀鰭退化成皮褶，無鰭條。無鳞、魚鰾，鰓膜癒合而僅開一孔於腹面。

分類

合鰓魚科下分4個屬25個物種，如下^[5]^[7]：

大孔鱔屬（Macrotrema）

大孔鱔屬只有：

大孔鱔 Macrotrema caligan Regan, 1912

黃鱔屬（Monopterus）

黃鱔屬（英语：Monopterus）（Monopterus（英语：Monopterus） Lacepède, 1800）包括有^[8]：

黃鱔 Monopterus albus
雙色黃鱔 Monopterus bicolor
布氏黃鱔 Monopterus boueti
山黃鱔 Monopterus cuchia
斯里蘭卡黃鱔 Monopterus desilvai
奠邊黃鱔 Monopterus dienbienensis
紅黃鱔 Monopterus digressus
伊氏黃鱔 Monopterus eapeni
穴棲黃鱔 Monopterus fossorius
霍氏黃鱔 Monopterus hodgarti
艾氏黃鱔 Monopterus ichthyophoides
印度黃鱔 Monopterus indicus
Monopterus luticolus Britz, Doherty-Bone, Kouete, Sykes & Gower, 2016^[9]
Monopterus rongsaw Britz, Sykes, Gower & Kamei, 2018^[10]
羅氏黃鱔 Monopterus roseni

蛇胸鱔屬（Ophisternon）

蛇胸鱔屬（Ophisternon（英语：Ophisternon） McClelland（英语：John McClelland (doctor)）, 1844）包括下列各種：

穴棲蛇胸鱔 Ophisternon aenigmaticum Rosen & Greenwood, 1976
非洲蛇胸鱔 Ophisternon afrum (Boulenger, 1909)
孟加拉蛇胸鱔 Ophisternon bengalense McClelland, 1844
白蛇胸鱔 Ophisternon candidum (Mees, 1962)^[11]
斑點蛇胸鱔 Ophisternon gutturale (Richardson, 1845)
陰曹蛇胸鱔 Ophisternon infernale (Hubbs, 1938)：又稱幽鱔。

Rakthamichthys屬

Rakthamichthys digressus (Gopi. 2002) ^[12]
Rakthamichthys roseni (Bailey & Gans 1998) ^[12]

合鰓魚屬（Synbranchus）

合鰓魚屬（Synbranchus（英语：Synbranchus） Bloch, 1795）包括下列各物種：

蘭普雷亞合鰓魚 Synbranchus lampreia
玻利維亞合鰓魚 Synbranchus madeirae
合鰓魚 Synbranchus marmoratus

生態

本科魚類棲息於泥沼地，白天潛伏於洞穴內，夜晚才活動覓食，屬肉食性，以各種水生小型動物為食，口腔內壁表皮與腸均具有呼吸功能，能直接呼吸空氣。

經濟利用

可作為食用魚。

参考文献

^ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke. Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa. 2014, 3882 (2): 001–230 [2022-10-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）（英语）.
^ Robert A. Travers. A review of the Mastacembeloidei, a suborder of Synbranchoform teleost fish Part 2: Phylogenetic analysis. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 1985, 47: 83–151 [2022-10-09]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-15）（英语）.
^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (编). Synbranchus. Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. [11 November 2019].
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Perdices, A.; Doadrio, I.; Bermingham, E. Evolutionary history of the synbranchid eels (Teleostei: Synbranchidae) in Central America and the Caribbean islands inferred from their molecular phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. November 2005, 37 (2): 460–473. PMID 16223677. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.01.020 （英语）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Family Synbranchidae. FishBase. [2022-10-09]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-09）（英语）.
^ Berra, Tim M. Freshwater Fish Distribution. University of Chicago Press. 2008 [2022-08-28]. ISBN 978-0-226-04443-9. （原始内容存档于2022-08-12）.
^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson. Fishes of the World 5th. Wiley. 2016: 381–383 [2022-10-09]. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. （原始内容存档于2019-04-08）（英语）.
^ Systematic Parasitology 51: 149–153
^ Ralph Britz, Thomas Doherty-Bone, Marcel Kouete, Dan Sykes and David Gower. 2016. Monopterus luticolus, A New Species of Swamp Eel from Cameroon (Teleostei: Synbranchidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters. 27(4); 309-323.
^ Ralf Britz, Dan Sykes, David J. Gower and Rachunliu G. Kamei. 2018. Monopterus rongsaw, A New Species of Hypogean Swamp Eel from the Khasi Hills in Northeast India (Teleostei: Synbranchiformes: Synbranchidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. IEF-1086:1-12 DOI: 10.23788/IEF-1086
^ Glenn I. Moore, William F. Humphreys and Ralph Foster. 2018. New Populations of the Rare Subterranean Blind Cave Eel Ophisternon candidum (Synbranchidae) reveal Recent Historical Connections throughout north-western Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research. DOI: 10.1071/MF18006
^ ^12.0 ^12.1 Ralf Britz, Neelesh Dahanukar, Ariane Standing, Siby Philip, Biju Kumar and Rajeev Raghavan. 2020. Osteology of ‘Monopterus’ roseni with the Description of Rakthamichthys, New Genus, and Comments on the Generic Assignment of the Amphipnous Group Species (Teleostei: Synbranchiformes). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. IEF-1163; 1-16. DOI: 10.23788/IEF-1163

[VDLEF-1] Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke. Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa. 2014, 3882 (2): 001–230 [2022-10-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）（英语）.

[Travers-2] Robert A. Travers. A review of the Mastacembeloidei, a suborder of Synbranchoform teleost fish Part 2: Phylogenetic analysis. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 1985, 47: 83–151 [2022-10-09]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-15）（英语）.

[CofF-3] Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (编). Synbranchus. Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. [11 November 2019].

[Perdices2005-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Perdices, A.; Doadrio, I.; Bermingham, E. Evolutionary history of the synbranchid eels (Teleostei: Synbranchidae) in Central America and the Caribbean islands inferred from their molecular phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. November 2005, 37 (2): 460–473. PMID 16223677. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.01.020 （英语）.

[FishBase-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Family Synbranchidae. FishBase. [2022-10-09]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-09）（英语）.

[6] Berra, Tim M. Freshwater Fish Distribution. University of Chicago Press. 2008 [2022-08-28]. ISBN 978-0-226-04443-9. （原始内容存档于2022-08-12）.

[Nelson5-7] J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson. Fishes of the World 5th. Wiley. 2016: 381–383 [2022-10-09]. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. （原始内容存档于2019-04-08）（英语）.

[8] Systematic Parasitology 51: 149–153

[9] Ralph Britz, Thomas Doherty-Bone, Marcel Kouete, Dan Sykes and David Gower. 2016. Monopterus luticolus, A New Species of Swamp Eel from Cameroon (Teleostei: Synbranchidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters. 27(4); 309-323.

[10] Ralf Britz, Dan Sykes, David J. Gower and Rachunliu G. Kamei. 2018. Monopterus rongsaw, A New Species of Hypogean Swamp Eel from the Khasi Hills in Northeast India (Teleostei: Synbranchiformes: Synbranchidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. IEF-1086:1-12 DOI: 10.23788/IEF-1086

[11] Glenn I. Moore, William F. Humphreys and Ralph Foster. 2018. New Populations of the Rare Subterranean Blind Cave Eel Ophisternon candidum (Synbranchidae) reveal Recent Historical Connections throughout north-western Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research. DOI: 10.1071/MF18006

[Ralf-12] 12.0 ^12.1 Ralf Britz, Neelesh Dahanukar, Ariane Standing, Siby Philip, Biju Kumar and Rajeev Raghavan. 2020. Osteology of ‘Monopterus’ roseni with the Description of Rakthamichthys, New Genus, and Comments on the Generic Assignment of the Amphipnous Group Species (Teleostei: Synbranchiformes). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. IEF-1163; 1-16. DOI: 10.23788/IEF-1163

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