卡比厄斯环形山

卡比厄斯环形山
根据月球勘测轨道飞行器红外线辐射计所测量的热辐射数据构建的卡比厄斯环形山(左)
坐标85°20′S 42°08′E / 85.33°S 42.13°E / -85.33; 42.13
直径100.58公里
深度2.859公里[1]
余经日出时45°
命名来源尼科洛·卡贝奥[2]

卡比厄斯环形山(Cabeus)是月球正面南极约100公里的一座撞击坑[3],其名称取自十六世纪意大利耶稣会哲学家神学家工程师数学家尼科洛·卡贝奥(1586年-1650年),1935年被国际天文学联合会批准接受[2]。卡比厄斯环形山一名首次出现于1651年乔瓦尼·里乔利发表的《新天文大成》中,当时他启用了该名字,但将它指给了另一座陨石坑-现在的牛顿环形山[4]

描述

卡比厄斯环形山的周边,月球南极详图[5]
卡比厄斯环形山, LAC-144区域图,面向东北方。

该陨坑西侧靠近小陨坑伊本·巴哲、西北毗邻更大的德里加尔斯基环形山牛顿环形山位于它的东北偏北、东侧坐落了马拉柏特环形山[6][7]、而它的东南和西南分别矗立了霍沃思环形山舒梅克环形山[8]。该陨坑中心月面坐标85°20′S 42°08′E / 85.33°S 42.13°E / -85.33; 42.13,直径100.58公里[9],深度 2.859公里[10]

地球上只能斜看到卡比厄斯环形山,它几乎一直处于没有阳光的深暗阴影中。陨坑大部分地区每个月球日平均只有四分之一的时间照射到太阳的阳光,内侧壁约为三分之一时间,但坑底西部则处于永久黑夜中[1]。因此,即使月球轨道上的探测器也无法看到它更多的细节。该陨坑外观呈多边形状,因存续时间长而被后续的撞击严重侵蚀,坑壁已磨损且嶙峋不齐,部分地区则完全消失,沿边缘坐落了许多不同尺寸的撞击坑,只有南北二侧坑壁保存相对较完整。陨坑内侧壁坡度约为10-15°[1],坑内地表崎岖不平,靠西南偏南内壁坐落了一座直径10-11公里的小陨坑,坑底中央伸展着一道小山脊。

挥发物

半人马座火箭撞击时发出的闪光

美国月球探勘者飞船曾对月球南极地区进行过探测,检测到的存在,氢的可能来源包括贮存在彗星陨石中的水、太阳风或月表释气[11]。该陨坑大范围的永夜区温度低于100K(−173°C),这可能使坑底表面或浅层的水冰得以保存数十亿年而没有升华[12]

半人马座火箭在卡比厄斯环形山中的撞击目标区

2009年6月18日美国国家航空航天局发射了陨石坑探测器-月球坑观测和传感卫星(LCROSS)以调查月球南极是否存在水。2009年9月28日,卡比厄斯环形山取代了原定的卫星坑卡比厄斯 A被选定为探测器的撞击目标。这一变更是在分析其它月球探测器所收集最新数据的基础上作出的,这些数据表明卡比厄斯环形山释出的氢浓度应该比卡比厄斯 A还要高[13]

2009年10月9日世界时11点31分,宇宙神5型运载火箭的第二级半人马座火箭撞击了卡比厄斯环形山,LCROSS 探测器则紧随其后也撞击到坑底。原安排在半人马座火箭撞击月球表面激起羽状尘埃后,探测器穿过其中,利用所携带的传感器进行采样,但这些尘埃颗粒比预计的还小[14]。探测器分光计显示的尘埃初步测量数据,证实了该陨坑中存在着水[15]

对羽状尘埃的观察分析支持地表中水的存在。吸收的近红外线可归因于水蒸汽,而同时产生的紫外线辐射表明存在也支持可能有水的羟基自由基。估计羽状尘埃中水蒸汽和冰的总量高达155±12千克,或按质量估计约为5.6±2.9%。另外,还观察到其它一些特征与二氧化碳轻烃和含化物相符的挥发物[16]

卫星陨石坑

按惯例,最靠近马拉柏特环形山的卫星坑将在月图上以字母标注在该坑的中心点旁[6]

LAC-144 区域图.
卡比厄斯 纬度 经度 直径
A 82.08° S 40.24° W 40.88公里
B 82.26° S 54.58° W 59.62公里
  • 卫星坑卡比厄斯 B约形成于39.2-38.5亿年前的酒海纪[17]

参引资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kozlova, E. A.; et al. Crater Cabeus as Possible Cold Trap for Volatiles Near South Pole of the Moon. Proceedings, 41st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. The Woodlands, Texas: 1779. March 1–5, 2010. Bibcode:2010LPI....41.1779K. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Blue, Jennifer. Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS. July 25, 2007 [2007-08-05]. (原始内容存档于2012-04-08). 
  3. ^ Grego, Peter. The Moon and How to Observe it. Birkhäuser. 2005: 214. ISBN 978-1-85233-748-3. 
  4. ^ Whitaker (1999:61, 211)
  5. ^ Map of Moon's south pole neighborhoods. (PDF). [2016-11-02]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-12-23). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Bussey, B.; et al. The Clementine Atlas of the Moon. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-81528-4. 
  7. ^ Whitaker, Ewen A. Mapping and Naming the Moon. Cambridge University Press. 1999: 172. ISBN 978-0-521-62248-6. 
  8. ^ Crater Malapert on LAC-144 map. (PDF). [2016-11-02]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-02-20). 
  9. ^ Directory of the International Astronomical Union. [2016-11-02]. (原始内容存档于2017-01-10). 
  10. ^ John E. Westfall's Atlas of the Lunar Terminator, Cambridge Univ. Press (2000). [2016-11-02]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-18). 
  11. ^ Margot, J. L.; Campbell, DB; Jurgens, RF; Slade, MA. Topography of the Lunar Poles from Radar Interferometry: A Survey of Cold Trap Locations. Science. 1999-06-04, 284 (5420): 1658–1660. Bibcode:1999Sci...284.1658M. PMID 10356393. doi:10.1126/science.284.5420.1658. 
  12. ^ Feldman, W. C.; et al. Evidence for water ice near the lunar poles. Journal of Geophysical Research. 2001, 106 (E10): 23, 231–23,251. Bibcode:2001JGR...10623231F. doi:10.1029/2000JE001444. 
  13. ^ NASA's LCROSS Mission Changes Impact Crater. NASA. 2009-09-28 [2009-09-28]. (原始内容存档于2009-10-28). 
  14. ^ NASA's LCROSS Reveals Target Crater For Lunar South Pole Impacts. NASA. 2009-09-11 [2009-09-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-26). 
  15. ^ NASA'S LCROSS Impacts Confirm Water In Lunar Crater. PR Newswire. November 13, 2009 [2009-11-13]. (原始内容存档于2009-11-16). 
  16. ^ Colaprete, Anthony; et al. Detection of Water in the LCROSS Ejecta Plume. Science. October 22, 2010, 330 (6003): 463–468 [2010-12-01]. Bibcode:2010Sci...330..463C. PMID 20966242. doi:10.1126/science.1186986. 
  17. ^ Lunar Impact Crater Database

外部链接

Read other articles:

Not to be confused with Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated. 1995 video gameScooby-Doo MysterySNES box artDeveloper(s)Sega Genesis:Illusions Gaming CompanySuper NES:Argonaut SoftwarePublisher(s)Acclaim EntertainmentSunsoftPlatform(s)Sega Genesis, Super NESReleaseSega GenesisNA: September 1995[1]Super NESNA: November 1995[2]Genre(s)AdventureMode(s)Single-player Scooby-Doo Mystery is the name of two video games released by Acclaim Entertainment and Sunsoft in 1995 based on the Scoo...

 

Hindu goddess This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) SheetalaGoddess of Ailments[1]The goddess Sheetala on Jvarasu...

 

Фазліддін Гаїбназаров Загальна інформаціяПовне ім'я Гаїбназаров Фазліддін Хасанбаєвич (узб. Fazliddin Hasanboyevich G'oibnazarov)Громадянство  УзбекистанНародився 16 червня 1991(1991-06-16) (32 роки)Ташкентська область, Узбецька РСР, СРСРВагова категорія Легка (англ. Lightweight) (до 61,2 кг)Зріст 169 см

Viaduc du Day Géographie Pays Suisse Canton Canton de Vaud Commune Vallorbe Coordonnées géographiques 46° 43′ 20″ N, 6° 23′ 45″ E Fonction Franchit Orbe Fonction ferroviaire Caractéristiques techniques Type Pont en arc Longueur environ 152 m Hauteur 65 m Construction Inauguration 1870 Géolocalisation sur la carte : Suisse modifier  Le viaduc du Day est un viaduc ferroviaire de 65 mètres de haut situé sur la commune de Vallorbe...

 

Balai Konservasi BorobudurKantor Balai Konservasi BorobudurInformasi umumAlamatJl.Badrawati Borobudur, Magelang, Jawa Tengah Balai Konservasi Borobudur (Centre for Borobudur Studies) adalah salah satu Unit Pelaksana Teknis (UPT) Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan yang bertujuan untuk melestarikan cagar budaya di seluruh Indonesia. Lembaga ini merupakan lembaga pusat di bidang konservasi dan pelestarian. Pada awalnya Balai Konservasi Borobudur bernama Balai Studi dan Konservasi Borobudur ya...

 

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Oktober 2016. Industri fashion pria dan budaya konsumerisme sangat terkait dengan konsep pria metroseksual. Metroseksual adalah sebuah istilah baru, sebuah kata majemuk yang berasal dari paduan dua istilah: metropolitan dan heteroseksual. Istilah ini dipopulerkan pa...

2019 Indian Kannada-language action drama film GeethaTheatrical PosterDirected byVijay NaagendraWritten byVijay NaagendraProduced bySyed Salam Shilpa GaneshStarringGanesh Shanvi Srivastava Prayaga MartinCinematographyShreesha KuduvalliEdited byJnaanesh B. MatadMusic byAnup RubensProductioncompaniesS.S Films Golden MoviesRelease date 27 September 2019 (2019-09-27) CountryIndiaLanguageKannada Geetha is a 2019 Indian Kannada action drama film written and directed by debutant Vijay...

 

For the song, see Late at Night (song). 1979 studio album by Billy PrestonLate at NightStudio album by Billy PrestonReleased22 October 1979Recorded1977-1979StudioMotown Recording Studios (Los Angeles, California); Kendun Recorders (Burbank, California).GenreSoulLength39:35LabelMotownProducerBilly Preston; David Shire & James Di Pasquale on With You I'm Born AgainBilly Preston chronology A Whole New Thing(1977) Late at Night(1979) The Way I Am(1981) Professional ratingsReview score...

 

British competitive cooking reality series (2021-present Cooking with the StarsCreated byJonny CollerEd PhillipsPresented byEmma WillisTom AllenCountry of originUnited KingdomOriginal languageEnglishNo. of series3No. of episodes18ProductionExecutive producersCaroline DaviesMelanie LeachAndrew MackenzieProduction locationPinewood StudiosRunning time60 minutes (including adverts)Production companySouth Shore ProductionsOriginal releaseNetworkITVRelease13 July 2021 (2021-07-13) –pres...

American author, critic, and academic (born 1942) Samuel R. DelanySamuel R. Delany in 2022BornSamuel Ray Delany Jr. (1942-04-01) April 1, 1942 (age 81)Harlem, New York City, U.S.Pen nameK. Leslie Steiner, S. L. KermitOccupation Writer editor professor literary critic EducationCity College of New YorkPeriod1962–present[1]GenreScience fiction, fantasy, autobiography, creative nonfiction, erotic literature, literary criticismSubjectScience fiction, lesbian and gay studies, erotici...

 

瑞士聯邦 (其它語言中的名稱) 拉丁語:Confoederatio Helvetica罗曼什語:Confederaziun svizra意大利語:Confederazione Svizzera法語:Confédération suisse德語:Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft 国旗 国徽 格言: Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno(拉丁語) 「我為人人,人人為我」[註 1]国歌:《瑞士诗篇》瑞士的位置(绿色)欧洲(深灰色)首都法理上:無 事實上:伯爾尼(政府所在地)[註 2]...

 

American publisher Not to be confused with Dell. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Dell Publishing – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Dell PublishingParent companyRandom HouseFounded1921; 102 years ago ...

2000 compilation album by Steve VaiThe 7th Song, Enchanting Guitar Melodies (Archives Vol. 1)Compilation album by Steve VaiReleasedNovember 7, 2000GenreInstrumental rockLength61:43LabelEpicProducerSteve VaiSteve Vai chronology The 7th Song, Enchanting Guitar Melodies (Archives Vol. 1)(2000) The Secret Jewel Box(2001) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic [1] The 7th Song, Enchanting Guitar Melodies (Archives Vol. 1) is a 2000 album by guitarist Steve Vai. It is...

 

Schlacht um Belgien Teil von: Westfeldzug Belgische Soldaten gehen nach dem Gefecht um die Festung Eben-Emael in Gefangenschaft, 11. Mai 1940 Datum 10. Mai bis 28. Mai 1940 Ort Belgien Ausgang Bedeutender deutscher Sieg Folgen Belgische Kapitulation, Besetzung Belgiens bis Kriegsende, Bildung einer belgischen Exilregierung in London Konfliktparteien Belgien BelgienFrankreich FrankreichNiederlande NiederlandeVereinigtes Konigreich Vereinigtes Königreich Deutsches Reich NS&...

 

Second round of the 2009 IndyCar Series season This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 2009 Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 2009 Long BeachRace details2nd round of the 2009 IndyCar Series seasonDateApril 19,&#...

All Too WellLagu oleh Taylor Swiftdari album RedFormatDigital downloadDirekam2011Genre Country country rock Durasi5:29LabelBig MachinePencipta Taylor Swift Liz Rose Produser Nathan Chapman Taylor Swift All Too Well adalah lagu karya penyanyi-penulis lagu asal Amerika Serikat Taylor Swift untuk album studio keempatnya, Red (2012). Lagu ini ditulis oleh Swift dan Liz Rose. Diproduksi oleh Swift dan Nathan Chapman, lagu ini adalah sebuah power ballad yang menggabungkan gaya country rock, soft ro...

 

47th edition of the Miss Venezuela competitionFor the contest held to elect the Venezuelan representative to Miss Universe 2000, see Miss República Bolivariana de Venezuela.Miss Venezuela 2000DateSeptember 8, 2000PresentersOmar GermenosMaite DelgadoFabiola ColmenaresEntertainmentMalena BurkeAna LlorenteRafael AvanziniViviana GibelliOscar D'LeónWladimir LozanoDaniel SomaróoVenuePoliedro de Caracas, Caracas, VenezuelaBroadcasterVenevisionEntrants26Placements10WinnerEva Ekvall † ApureC...

 

Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as: KML GPX (all coordinates) GPX (primary coordinates) GPX (secondary coordinates) This list is of the Cultural Properties of Japan designated in the category of crafts (工芸品, kōgeihin) for the Prefecture of Okinawa.[1] National Cultural Properties As of 1 January 2015, two Important Cultural Properties have been designated, being of national significance.[2][3][4] Property Date Municipality O...

Bucharest metro station OborBlue pillars separating the two trackGeneral informationLocationRond OborSector 2, BucharestRomaniaCoordinates44°27′00″N 26°07′27″E / 44.44991°N 26.12417°E / 44.44991; 26.12417Platforms2 Side platformsTracks2ConstructionStructure typeUndergroundHistoryOpened24 June 1979 (tram station)17 August 1989 (metro station)Services Preceding station Bucharest Metro Following station Piața Ianculuitowards Dristor 2 Line M1 Ştefan cel Mare...

 

הפארק הלאומי וויאז'ורסתחילת הסתיו בפארק הלאומי וויאז'ורסתחילת הסתיו בפארק הלאומי וויאז'ורס מידע כללי על שם voyageurs תאריך הקמה 8 באפריל 1975 מבקרים בשנה 241,912[2] (נכון ל־2016) גוף מנהל שירות הפארקים הלאומיים של ארצות הברית נתונים ומידות שטח 883[1] קמר מיקום מדינה מינסוטה באר...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!